law Truth, And Reason-A Treatise on Legal Argumentation (2011)-Contents

8/3/2019 law Truth, And Reason-A Treatise on Legal Argumentation (2011)-Contents

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LAW, TRUTH,AND REASON

A Treatise on Legal Argumentation

Raimo SiltalaUniversity of Turku, Finland

4y Springer


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Contents

1 Introdu ction 11.1 The Th ree Ideolo gies of Judicial D ecision -M aking byJerzy W roblewski 1

1.2 The Thr ee Situations of Legal De cision-Mak ing byKaarle Makkonen 6

1.3 Th e Subjec t M atter of the Tre atise: LegalArgumentation, or How to Construct and Read the Lawin a Reaso ned M anner 11

1.4 T he Co nce pt of a Fra m e of Legal An alysis 121.5 The Th eor ies of Truth and Legal An alysis 141.6 The Sem antics of Law : Rudolf Ca rnap 's M ethod

of Exten sion and Intension 202 An Isomorph ic Theory of Law : A Relation of Structural

Similarity Between the Two Fact-Constel lations Compared . . . . 292.1 Kaarle M akkon en on Legal Isomorphism 292.2 The Picture Theory of Lang uage in Ludw igWittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, asRead in Light of Erik Stenius' Wittgenstein's Tractatus.

A Critical Exposition of the Main Lines of Thought 312.2.1 The Internal Categorial Structure and theExternal Configuration Structure of Reality 312.2.2 A Legal Fact-Situation as an Analysed Fact-Situation . 362.3 The Two Requirements Placed on Legal Isomorphism 412.4 The Transition From an Isomorphic Situation to aSituation of Semantic Ambiguity 432.5 Legal Isomorphism and Institutional Facts 452.6 The Semantic Theory of Truth by Alfred Tarski 472.7 A Critical Evaluation of the Isomorphic Theory of Law 48

3 Coherence Theory of Law: Shared Congruence AmongArguments D rawn from the Institutional and SocietalSources of Law 533.1 Truth As Coherence Among the Sentences of a ScientificTheory 53vii


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viii Contents3.2 In Search for the Concept of Coherence 553.2.1 A Quantitative Approach: "TheMore/Longer/Greater (...), the MoreCoherent the Theory" 553.2.2 A Qualitative Approach: "That the Law isStructured by a Coherent Set of PrinciplesAbout Justice and Fairness and Procedural DueProcess. . ." 603.3 The Duhem -Quine Thesis: The Inherently Holisticand Underdetermined Character of a Scientific Theory,and Its Implications for Legal Analysis 683.4 Towards Partial Coherence in Law 713.5 The Concept of Coherence Redefined 733.6 A Critical Evaluation of the Coherence Theory of Law 77

4 "Between the Evident and the Irrational": The NewRhetoric and Legal Argumentation Theory 794.1 The Varieties of Pragmatism and the Law 794.2 The Universal Audience as a Subjective ThoughtConstruct of the Speaker by Chaim Perelman 814.3 The Realm of Rhetoric and the Quest for Value-Cognitivism . . 874.4 The New Rhetoric and Its Alternatives 935 Philosophical Pragmatism: Law, Judged in Light of ItsSocial Effects 975.1 "W hat, In Short, is the Truth's Cash Value in ExperientialTerms?" 975.2 The Lure of Pragmatism and the Law 1025.3 "These Doctrines Form a System for Inducing Peopleto Behave Ef ficien tly..." 1065.4 "Why Efficiency?" and "Is Wealth a Value?" - ACritical Evaluation of the Econom ic A nalysis of Law,with Brief Comm ents on the Marxist Theory of Law 1086 Analytical Legal Positivism: Retracing the OriginalIntentions of the Legislator Under Legal Exegesis 1136.1 Scientific Positivism Defined 1136.2 What Is Analytical Philosophy? 1166.3 Legal Positivism Defined 1186.4 The Saga of Modern Legal Positivism 1246.4.1 Analytical Legal Positivism 124

6.4.2 Institutional Legal Positivism 1306.4.3 Exclusive and Inclusive Legal Positivism 1326.5 The Unresolvable Dilemma of Kaarlo Tuori's CriticalLegal Positivism 136


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Contents jx6.6 O ne Ste p (or Two) Back in H istory: The Exegetical

School of Law (Ecole de I'Exegese) in France andBe lgium in the Ninetee nth Cen tury 138

6.7 A Critical Evaluation of Legal Exege sis 1417 Legal Rea lism: The Law in Action , Not the Law in Bo oks,

As the Subject Matter of Legal Analysis 1457.1 Philosop hical Re alism Defined 1457.2 Legal Rea lism, Am erican and Scandinavian 1487.3 Th e Legacy of Am erican Legal Realism 1517.4 Th e Co ncep t of A Judicial Ideology by Alf Ro ss, and

the Rule of Recognit ion by H . L . A . Hart 1547.5 Th e For m al Validity and Efficient Enfo rcem ent of Law 1607.6 A Critical Evaluation of Ana lytical Legal Realism 162

8 Legal Conventionalism: Law as an Expression of Collect iveIntentionality 1658.1 Brute Facts and Institutional Facts 1658.2 Th e Definitional Ch arac teristics of Institutional

Facts by John R. Searle, with Special Concernfor Self-Referen tiality 169

8.3 Conventions as M utual Expectat ions of the M emb ersof a Com mun ity 1738.4 Nominalism vs. Realism: Are Intentions Attributableto a Collective Agent as a Whole or to Its IndividualM embers Only? 177

8.5 The Institutionally Qualified Ch aracter of Legal Con ventions . . 1798.6 Share d Legal Co nvictions as an Exp ression of the

Volksgeist, or the Spirit of the Nation, by Friedrich Carlvon Savigny 182

8.7 The Transform ations of Cus toma ry Law in M odern Society . . 1838.8 Legal Conventionalism and Legal Argumentation Theory . . . . 185

9 "Die Rechtssatze in ihrem systematischen Zusamm enhang zuerkennen"- The Thrust of Legal Formalism 1879.1 A Ge nealogy of Lega l Co ncep ts by Georg Friedrich Puch ta . . . 1879.2 A Jurisprudence, Based on Legal Conce pts and Their

System ic Relat ions 1899.3 The Lang dellian Orthodo xy - A Brief Acc ount of Legal

Form alism in Am erica 1929.4 The Con stitutive Elem ents of Legal Formality by RobertS. Sum mers 1949.5 "Der Zweck ist der Schopfer des ganzen Rechts" - A

Critique of Legal Formalism by Rudolf von Jhering andLon L. Fuller 196


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x Contents10 Natural Law Philosophy: Law as Subordinate to SocialJustice and Political Morality in Society 20110.1 The Evolvem ent of Natural Law Philosophy 201

10.2 "eine wertfreie Beschreibung ihres Gegenstandes" -The Challenge of Hans Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law forNatural Law Philosophy 20610.3 The Internal Morality of Law by L onL . Fuller 20810.4 "The Core of Good Sense in the Doctrine ofNatural Law" - The Minimum Content of Natural Lawby H . L. A. Hart 21210.5 The Seven Basic Values by John Finnis 21610.6 A Critical Evaluation of Natural Law Theory 22311 Radical Decisionism: Social Justice on a StrictlyContextualist Basis 22511.1 The Significance of the Institutional Meta-Theory of Law . . . 22511.2 Denial of All Feasible Meta-Theories of Law :Kadi-Justice, the German Free Law Movement, andCarl Schmitt on the Law 22611.3 Decisionism in Jurisprudence, I: Thomas Wilhelmssonon the Sm all-Scale, Good Narratives on Legal Responsibility . . 23011.4 Decisionism in Jurisprudence, II: Martti Koskenniemi

on the International Lawy er's Radically Situational Ethics . . . 23211.5 A Critical Com ment of Radical Decisionism 23612 Intermission 23912.1 The Ten Fram es of Legal An alysis, as Contrastedwith Jerzy Wroblewski's Three Ideologies of JudicialDecision-Making and Kaarle Makkonen's ThreeSituations of Legal Decision-Making 23912.2 Jerzy W roblew ski's Ideology of Legal and Rational

Judicial Decision-Making Law as a Compound of theLegislative Ideology, Judicial Ideology, and a SocietalConception of Law and Justice 24312.3 From a Synchronic to a Diachronic Approach:Two Sequential M odels of Legal Reasoning 24812.3.1 Neil M acCorm ick's Theory of the Three C'sin Legal Reasoning: From Consistency andCoherence to the Consequences of Law 24912.3.2 The Bielefelder Kreis: A Sequential Orderof the Linguistic, Systemic, Teleological-Ax iological, and Transcategorical Argumentsin Legal Reasoning 251

13 Law and M etaphysics 25513.1 The Truth of a Legal Sentence As Determined by theFrame of Analysis Adopted 255


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Contents xi13.2 The Logico-Conceptual Constitution, NormativeOntology, and Structural Axiology of Law 25813.3 A Systemic Order of Things Among the Rules

and Principles of Law 26313.4 Textual Coherence, Institutional Authorities, and theLegal Comm unity 26613.5 (Is There) A Future for Analytical Jurisprudence? 268References 271Name Index 283Subject Index 287

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law Truth, And Reason-A Treatise on Legal Argumentation (2011)-Contents