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Launch in orbit of the Launch in orbit of the
space experimentspace experiment PAMELAPAMELA
and ground data and ground data resultsresults
Roberta SparvoliRoberta Sparvoli on behalf of the PAMELA Collaborationon behalf of the PAMELA Collaboration
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Outline of the talkOutline of the talk
Scientific goalsScientific goals Apparatus overview & satellite Apparatus overview & satellite Ground dataGround data Status of the missionStatus of the mission ConclusionsConclusions
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Bari FlorenceFrascati
Italy:Italy:TriesteNaplesRome CNR, Florence
Moscow St. Petersburg
NMSU
GSFC
USA:USA:
Russia:Russia:
India:India:
Mumbai
Germany:Germany:Siegen
Sweden:Sweden:KTH, Stockholm
PAMELA CollaborationPAMELA Collaboration
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA will:PAMELA will: Search for antimatterSearch for antimatter Search for dark matterSearch for dark matter Study cosmic-ray propagationStudy cosmic-ray propagation Study solar physics and solar Study solar physics and solar
modulationmodulation Study the electron spectrum (local Study the electron spectrum (local
sources?)sources?)
PAMELA SciencePAMELA Science
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
+ Long-term monitoring of the solar modulation of cosmic rays Energetic particles from the Sun (e+) High-energy particles in the Earth magnetosphere
PAMELA CapabilitiesPAMELA CapabilitiesPAMELA will explore:PAMELA will explore: Antiproton flux Antiproton flux 80 MeV - 190 GeV80 MeV - 190 GeV Positron fluxPositron flux 50 MeV – 270 GeV50 MeV – 270 GeV Electron flux Electron flux up to 400 GeVup to 400 GeV Proton flux Proton flux up to 700 GeVup to 700 GeV Electron/positron fluxElectron/positron fluxup to 2 TeVup to 2 TeV Light nuclei (up to Z=6) Light nuclei (up to Z=6) up to 200 GeV/nup to 200 GeV/n Light isotopes (D, Light isotopes (D, 33He) up to 1 GeV/nHe) up to 1 GeV/n Antinuclei search Antinuclei search (sensitivity better than 10 (sensitivity better than 10-7 -7 in in
He/He)He/He)
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Cosmic-ray antiparticle Cosmic-ray antiparticle measurements: antiprotonsmeasurements: antiprotons
Secondary production (upper and lower limits)Simon et al.
Primary production from annihilation (m() = 964 GeV)
Secondary production (CAPRICE94-based)Bergström et al.
Unexplored Region
Black Holes
Dark matter
ExtragalacticPrimordial p
Dark matter
Propagation
PAMELA energy range
Charge dependentmodulation effects
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Cosmic-ray antiparticle Cosmic-ray antiparticle measurements: positronsmeasurements: positrons
Unexplored Region
Secondary production ‘Leaky box model’ (Protheroe 1982)
Primary production from annihilation (m() =
336 GeV)
Secondary production ‘Moskalenko + Strong model’ (1998) without reacceleration
Charge dependentmodulation effects Propagation
Dark matter
PAMELA energy range
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Cosmic-ray Cosmic-ray Antimatter SearchAntimatter Search
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
The Satellite Resurs-DK1The Satellite Resurs-DK1
Built by the space factory Built by the space factory TsSKB in Samara (Russia)TsSKB in Samara (Russia)
Soyuz-TM launcher from Soyuz-TM launcher from Bajkonur (also from TsSKB)Bajkonur (also from TsSKB)
PAMELA PAMELA mounted inside amounted inside a PPressuriressurizzed Containered Container, , attached to the satelliteattached to the satellite
Lifetime >3 yearsLifetime >3 years
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Orbit characteristicsOrbit characteristics
quasi-polar (quasi-polar (70.4°70.4°))elliptical (elliptical (300÷600 km300÷600 km))
SAA
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Ground station(s)Ground station(s) Main Station:Main Station: Research Centre for Earth operative Research Centre for Earth operative
monitoring monitoring “NtsOMZ”“NtsOMZ” (Moscow, Russia); (Moscow, Russia);
Main antenna in NTsOMZ
Additional Station:Additional Station: Khanty-MansiiskKhanty-Mansiisk (Siberia, Russia). Not (Siberia, Russia). Not yet officially established.yet officially established.
Scheme of PAMELA control room in NTsOMZ
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA prior delivery to Russia (March 2005)
The PAMELA apparatusThe PAMELA apparatus
AnticoincidenceShield
Shower Tail CatcherScintillator (see nexttalk V. Malvezzi)
TOF (see next talk S. Russo)
Magnetic Spectrometer
Calorimeter
Neutron Detector (see next talk V. Malvezzi)
PAMELA CPU (see next talkA. Basili)
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
The PAMELA apparatusThe PAMELA apparatus
GFGF ~20.5 cm ~20.5 cm22srsrMass: 470 kgMass: 470 kgSize: 120x40x45 Size: 120x40x45 cmcm33
Power Budget: 360 Power Budget: 360 WW
Calorimeter Performances:• p/e+ selection eff. 90%• p rejection factor 105
• e- rejection factor 104
Spatial Resolution • 2.8 μm bending view• 13.1 μm non-bending view
MDR from test beam data 1 TV
ND p/e separation capabilities >10 above 10 GeV/c, increasing with energy
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Ground data sessionsGround data sessions
Number of files downlinked in Rome:Number of files downlinked in Rome:
311311 in aboutin about 480 hours480 hours of data takingof data taking
Number of files downlinked in Samara: Number of files downlinked in Samara:
113113 in aboutin about 140 hours140 hours of data takingof data taking
We had so far two main sessions of cosmic ray We had so far two main sessions of cosmic ray acquisitions on ground:acquisitions on ground:
RomeRome – Tor Vergata University clean – Tor Vergata University clean room: February/March 2005room: February/March 2005
SamaraSamara – Progress clean area: May 2005– Progress clean area: May 2005
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Ground data performance Ground data performance analysisanalysis
The main task of the ground data acquisition is The main task of the ground data acquisition is the analysis of the the analysis of the detector performancedetector performance. .
The statistics collected allowed to make an The statistics collected allowed to make an accurate analysis of the performance of the single accurate analysis of the performance of the single PAMELA subdetectors, determining in some cases PAMELA subdetectors, determining in some cases sub-system sub-system resolutionsresolutions and and efficienciesefficiencies..
The comparison between Rome, Samara and The comparison between Rome, Samara and previous beam-test data allowed to study PAMELA previous beam-test data allowed to study PAMELA behavior behavior with timewith time, so to detect possible failures , so to detect possible failures due to ageing of some structures.due to ageing of some structures.
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA EventPAMELA Event
Ground Muon:2.8 GV
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA EventPAMELA Event
Ground Hadron:6.6 GV
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA EventPAMELA Event
GF: 400 cm2
sr
CalorimeterSelf Trigger
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Ground muon resultsGround muon results
Preliminary
Preliminary!
Preliminary!
Preliminary!
Final data ready by the end of 2005 !Final data ready by the end of 2005 !
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configuration
SPS, July 2000
FMSPS, September 2003
Magnet/Tracker,CalorimeterSPS, July 2002
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003
PAMELA Mass&Thermal Model inside Pamela Pressurized
Container at TsSKB Samara/Russia
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Termal Model qualified, March-May 2003
PAMELA Thermal Model passed thermal tests at TsSKB Thermal/Vacuum
Chamber
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003
PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
PAMELA Technological Model inside the Transport
Container before delivery to Samara
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA StatusDetectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005
Assembling phases of PAMELA in Roma Tor Vergata clean
room
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
PAMELA Flight Model on the shaker in IABG
Full cycle of vibration/shock of the Flight Model passed at IABG/Munich, January 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
PAMELA Flight Model delivered to Russia, April 2005
Full cycle of vibration/shock of the Flight Model passed at IABG/Munich, January 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005 Antonov 72 in Genoa airportAntonov 72 in Genoa airport
PAMELA onboard during flightPAMELA onboard during flight
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
PAMELA Flight Model delivered to Russia, April 2005
Full cycle of vibration/shock of the Flight Model passed at IABG/Munich, January 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005
Reopening of PAMELA Flight Model in TsSKB
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA StatusPAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
PAMELA Pressurized container tested with Resurs-DK1 Satellite, June 2005
PAMELA Flight Model delivered to Russia, April 2005
Full cycle of vibration/shock of the Flight Model passed at IABG/Munich, January 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005
Tests of PAMELA Pressurized Container tilting mechanism
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA StatusPAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
Ongoing tests on Resurs-DK1 Satellite
PAMELA Flight Model delivered to Russia, April 2005
Full cycle of vibration/shock of the Flight Model passed at IABG/Munich, January 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005
PAMELA Pressurized container tested with Resurs-DK1 Satellite, June 2005
Antennas of Resurs_DK1
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status
Ongoing tests on Resurs-DK1 Satellite
PAMELA Flight Model delivered to Russia, April 2005
Full cycle of vibration/shock of the Flight Model passed at IABG/Munich, January 2005
Detectors tested at PS/SPS test facilities as prototypes and in FM configurationPAMELA Mass&Thermal Model qualified, March-May 2003PAMELA Technological Model completed and delivered to Russia,December 2003PAMELA Flight Model assembled in Rome TV clean room, 2004-2005
PAMELA Pressurized container tested with Resurs-DK1 Satellite, June 2005
Resurs_DK1 on the shaker
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Integration in Bajkonur Integration in Bajkonur cosmodrome,cosmodrome,
December 2005December 2005
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Conclusions IConclusions I PAMELA is the first space experiment which will PAMELA is the first space experiment which will
measure Antiprotons and Positrons to high energies (measure Antiprotons and Positrons to high energies (≥≥ 200GeV) with an unprecedented statistical precision;200GeV) with an unprecedented statistical precision;
PAMELA will set a new lower limit for finding Antihelium;PAMELA will set a new lower limit for finding Antihelium;
PAMELA will look for Dark Matter candidates;PAMELA will look for Dark Matter candidates;
PAMELA will provide measurements on elemental PAMELA will provide measurements on elemental spectra and low mass isotopes with an unprecedented spectra and low mass isotopes with an unprecedented statistical precision and will help to improve the statistical precision and will help to improve the understanding of particle propagation in the interstellar understanding of particle propagation in the interstellar medium;medium;
PAMELA will be able to measure the high energy tail of PAMELA will be able to measure the high energy tail of solar spectra and for the first time solar positrons.solar spectra and for the first time solar positrons.
R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005R. Sparvoli - 9th ICATPP Conference - Villa Olmo - October 2005
Conclusions IIConclusions II Pamela has been delivered to Russia at the end of Pamela has been delivered to Russia at the end of
March 2005;March 2005;
PAMELA has collected ground cosmic-rays for PAMELA has collected ground cosmic-rays for various months at the laboratories of Rome Tor various months at the laboratories of Rome Tor Vergata and at the Samara TsSKB-Progress factory;Vergata and at the Samara TsSKB-Progress factory;
All detectors are performing as designed and All detectors are performing as designed and PAMELA seems able to achieve its scientific goals;PAMELA seems able to achieve its scientific goals;
Right now PAMELA is undergoing the integrations Right now PAMELA is undergoing the integrations tests with the Resurs-DK1 satellite in Samara;tests with the Resurs-DK1 satellite in Samara;
By mid November 2005 PAMELA will be delivered to By mid November 2005 PAMELA will be delivered to Bajkonur for the launch into orbit foreseen for Bajkonur for the launch into orbit foreseen for beginning 2006 !beginning 2006 !