Lattice engineering through nanoparticle–DNA … · of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. Supplementary Information Lattice

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Lattice Engineering via Nanoparticle-DNA Frameworks

Ye Tian1, Yugang Zhang1, Tong Wang2, Huolin L. Xin1, Huilin Li2,3, and Oleg Gang1*

1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. 2Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA. 3Department

of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

Supplementary Information

Lattice engineering through nanoparticle–DNAframeworks

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NMAT4571

NATURE MATERIALS | www.nature.com/naturematerials 1

© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4571

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Part 1. Characterizations of polyhedral frames

Supplementary Figure 1. 1% agarose gel image under UV light for M13mp18 and DNA

frames. From left to right: Ladder (a), M13mp18 (b), octahedron (c), cube (d), elongated

square bipyramid (e), prism (f) and triangular bipyramid (g).


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Supplementary Figure 2. The size distribution of different frames, as marked, obtained

by Dynamic Light Scattering.


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Supplementary Figure 3. Negative stained TEM images of different polyhedral frames.

A. Octahedron; B. ESB; C. Cube; D. Prism.


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Supplementary Figure 4. 3D reconstruction of octahedral frame by cryo-EM technique.


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Supplementary Figure 5. Cryo-EM of Elongated Square Bipyramid (ESB) and 3D

Reconstruction. (A). Representative raw cryo-EM image of ESB structure with different

views highlighted by blue cycles. (B). Different models (top row) and relevant 2D

projections (bottom row) of reference-free class averages. (C). Surface-rendered 3D

density map of the ESB origami structure with different views. The density surface is

colored radially from interior red to outer green and blue. The values from the color key

mean the distance from the center in angstrom.


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Supplementary Figure 6. Representative cryo-EM image of cubic origami frame. Inset

is the representative reference-free 2D class average.

Supplementary Figure 7. Representative cryo-EM image of the prism frame structure.

Inset is the representative reference-free 2D class average.


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Part 2. Characterizations of nano-clusters by encoded gold NPs at the

corners of frames

Supplementary Figure 8. Representative negative stained TEM image of 10nm NPs

bound to octahedron frames at vertices, thus forming an octahedral nanocluster.


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bound to ESB frames at the vertices, thus forming an ESB nanocluster. Cluster statistics

analysis reveals approximately 88% yield of 6 NP clusters (totally 150 clusters).


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bound to cubic frames at the vertices, thus, forming a cubic nanocluster. Note, the cluster

is not skewed, unlike the cubic frame without particle (Supplementary Fig. 6). See main

text.


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Supplementary Figure 11. Representative negative stained TEM image of 10nm NP

NPs bound to prism frames at the vertices, thus forming a prism-shaped nanoclusters.


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Supplementary Figure 12. Representative agarose gel image (1%) under white light,

used for the purification of nanoclusters. The bands of products, free NPs and tracking

dye, are shown from top to bottom.


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Part 3. Discussions and Characterizations of frame/NP superlattices

In order to estimate the ratio between NPs and frames in the formed superlattices, we

measured the difference of the DNA concentration in origami solution before and after

assembly with NPs, since NPs can bind to the vertices of frames to form the aggregates.

Note, NPs could also bind to free staple DNAs in the solution; however, the melting

temperature for such binding is lower than room temperature. Let’s consider for example

an assembly of NP with octahedral frames. We mixed a certain amount (Vf) of octahedral

origami solution with different known concentrations of NPs, as shown in Supplementary

Figure 26 (10nm gold core for NPs, in 10mM PB buffer with 0.1M NaCl, denoted as

volume VNP and concentration CNP) that can bind to the origami frames, and annealed the

solution. At the certain NP concentration, the upper solution for the annealed samples

changes from clear to pink color, indicating the presence of unreacted particles. To avoid

the contribution from the DNA on particle, we characterized the samples upto the highest

NP concentration for which the solution remains clear after the reaction (and annealing)

of frames with NPs. In this case, we can find the highest possible amount of consumed

DNA for the full consumption of particles during the reaction with frames. For reacted

solution we estimated the amount of remaining DNA by measuring the OD value of the

upper clear solution of DNA at the wavelength of 260nm by UV-vis (OD1). Then we

prepared the control sample by mixing same amount of origami solution (Vf) and PBS

buffer (without NPs, VPBS=VNP) and measured the OD value (OD2) at the same

wavelength. Similar procedure is performed for all systems. Based on those

measurements we calculated the mole amount of origami frames and NPs individually in

the superlattice:

(1). Mole amount of origami=(OD2-OD1) × 50 ug/ml × (Vf + VNP) / (Nbase × 330

g/mole);

1OD(260nm)=50 ug/ml for double stranded DNA; Nbase represents the DNA base

numbers for the origami frame; mole weight for one DNA base is averaged as 330 g/mole.

(2). Mole amount of NP=VNP × CNP.


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From these experiments, we obtained the ratio of NPs to frames for different superlattices

assembled with the following frames: octahedron (NP: frame = 2.05:1), cube (1.87:1),

ESB (2.12:1), prism (2.28:1).

We should stress that the result of the ratios between NP and frames by UV-vis method is

a roughly estimation since some un-specific bindings of free DNA to gold nanoparticle or

frames may exist. Further experiments would be done to fine tune the models. For the

system assembled wit octahedral frames we performed the x-ray scattering studies to

verify the structure of the assembled framework at the different initial mixing ratios of

NPs and frames. Our study (Supplementary Figure 26) shows that the formed lattice

does not depend on the ratio; practically the same structure factor for all studied

conditions was observed.

SAXS experiments were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source’s (NSLS)

X-9 beamline and National Synchrotron Light Source II. The scattering data were

collected with a MAR CCD area detector and converted to 1D scattering intensity vs.

wave vector transfer, q = (4π/λ) sin (θ/2), where λ= 0.8551 Å and θ, are the wavelength

of incident X-ray and the scattering angle respectively. The scattering angle was

calibrated using silver behenate as a standard. The structure factor S(q) was calculated as

Ia(q)/Ip(q), where Ia(q) and Ip(q) are background corrected 1D scattering intensities

extracted by angular averaging of CCD images for assembled systems and dissociated

particles, respectively. The peak positions of S (q) were determined by fitting a

Lorentzian form. The structure factors were calculated using the SAXS-modeling

approaches previously reported in our studies 1-3

and discussed below. Briefly, the

structure factor S(q) is formulated by:

𝑆(𝑞) = 𝐶𝑍0(𝑞)

𝑃(𝑞)𝐺(𝑞) + [1 − (𝑞)𝐺(𝑞)] , where S(q) contains a structural term (lattice

peaks) 𝐶𝑍0(𝑞)

𝑃(𝑞)𝐺(𝑞) and a diffuse scattering term 1 − (𝑞)𝐺(𝑞).

In the diffuse scattering term, G(q) is a Debye-Waller thermal part: 𝐺(𝑞) = 𝑒−𝐷2𝑞2𝑎2

,

where a is the (smallest) lattice constant of the unit-cell, and σD, the Debye-Waller factor,

describes the relative variation of particle positions from their ideal lattice positions. Due


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to the size polydispersity, assuming a Gaussian distribution 𝑓(𝑟), of nanoparticles, this

position displacement effect smears the form factor P(q) and attenuates lattice peak

heights at the higher q-region. Such lost scattering intensity is accounted by the ratio

(𝑞) : (𝑞) =𝐹(𝑞) 2

𝐹(𝑞)2=

𝐹(𝑞) 2

P(q)=

∫ 𝐹(𝑞,𝑟)𝑓(𝑟)𝑑𝑟

∫ 𝑓(𝑟)𝑑𝑟2

∫ 𝐹(𝑞,𝑟)2

𝑓(𝑟)𝑑𝑟

∫ 𝑓(𝑟)𝑑𝑟

, where F(q) is particle’s form factor

amplitude.

In the structural term, C is a scaling factor, Z0(q) is a lattice factor for isotropic

distribution of grains, 𝑍0(𝑞) =1

𝑞2∑ 𝐹(𝑞ℎ𝑘𝑙) ∑ 𝑒2𝑖(𝑥𝑗ℎ+𝑦𝑗𝑘+𝑧𝑗𝑙)

𝑁𝑗

𝑗=1

2𝐿(𝑞 − 𝑞ℎ𝑘𝑙)𝑚ℎ𝑘𝑙

{ℎ𝑘𝑙} ,

where the inner sum is over the Nj particles in the unit cell, which have fractional

positions(𝑥𝑗 , 𝑦𝑗 , 𝑧𝑗); the outer sum is over the Miller indices (hkl) for the desired lattice

type. The function L is modeled with a normalized Lorentzian-peak shape. 𝐿(𝑞) =

/2

𝑞2+(/2)2 , where δ is the peak width. The correlation lengths () is estimated by =

2𝐾

,where K = ~0.9.

The main fitting parameters are lattice constant (a, b, c), peak width (δ), Debye-Waller

factor (σD), and the scaling factor (C). We used Python package ‘LMFIT’ as a curve

fitting engine. The fit results are plotted in Figure 3 and the main fitted parameters are

listed in Table-I.


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Supplementary Figure 13. Different binding modes of frames to NPs, examples for

cube (left) and prism (right) frames are shown. Red circles are 10nm gold NPs. Purple

lines are DNA linkers between NP and vertices of the frames. Blue squares and hexagons

represent the cubic and prism frames, respectively. The arrangement of polyhedral frames

around particles is chosen as observed for the corresponding lattices.

Calculation of unit cell parameters (a, b, c) for cubic frame system: dedge+2dshell.

We set the distance from the center of NP to corner of frames as d0 (defined by linking

DNA, in purple).

For cubic system (a=b=c): dshell= √3

3 d0.

a:c=1

For prism system (a=b): dshell= √15

5 d0 ;

(c): dshell= √5

5 d0 ;

a:c = (dedge+2 √15

5 d0) : (dedge+2

√5

5 d0) =0.87


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Supplementary Figure 14. Enlarged SAXS result (top) and a proposed model of FCC

lattice assembled from octahedral frames and NPs that satisfies the measured ratio of NPs

to frames (bottom).

(Å)


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Supplementary Figure 15. Enlarged SAXS result (top) and a proposed model of BCT

lattice assembled from ESB frames and NPs that satisfies the measured ratio of NPs to

frames (bottom).

(Å)


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Supplementary Figure 16. Enlarged SAXS result (top) and a proposed model of simple

cubic (SC) lattice assembled from cubic frames and NPs that satisfies the measured ratio

of NPs to frames (bottom). Red arrows point to two edge bundles between nearby NPs

that might experience the repulsion.

(Å)


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Supplementary Figure 17. Enlarged SAXS result (top) and a proposed model of simple

hexagonal lattice assembled from triangular prism frames and NPs that satisfies the

measured ratio of NPs to frames (bottom).

(Å)


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Supplementary Figure 18. Assembly of triangular bipyramid (TBP) frame with 10nm

gold nanoparticles. (A). Extracted structure factor S(q) v.s. q for TBP/NP assembly (black

curve with red points). Blue line is the fitting by dumbbell model dumbbell model 4,5

with

functional form S(q)~sin(dq)/dq, where d is the fit-obtained interparticle (center-to-center)

distance (58.4 nm); it matches well the designed parameter (56.3 nm). Inset is the model

of triangular bipyramid structure with 6HB as the edge. (B). SAXS 2D pattern for the

system. (C). Representative negative stained TEM image of TBP.


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Supplementary Figure 19. Representative negative stained TEM image of 10nm NP

bound to the vertices of triangular bipyramid (TBP) frames, thus forming TBP shaped

nanoclusters.


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Supplementary Figure 20. Probing melting temperature for cube-NP framework. The

sizes of aggregates are monitored as function temperature using DLS. The sample was

annealed from 53 ºC to room temperature at the rate of 3 ºC /h after assembly of NPs and

cubic frames. The determined melting temperature is around 35.9 ºC for the cube-NP

system. The melting temperatures for systems of other studied NP-DNA frameworks

were measured similarly, shown in Supplementary Table 2.


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Supplementary Figure 21. SAXS obtained structure factor S(q) for the system of

octahedral frames assembled with 20nm NPs, following a long annealing. The structure is

exhibits lower degree of order than the octahedra/10nmNP system (II). The lattice

parameter (a) for this structure (assuming FCC lattice) is 78.1nm, based on the position of

the first scattering peak. The distance matches well 10nmNP/octahedra system.


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Supplementary Figure 22. SAXS-obtained structure factor S(q) for the system of

octahedral frames assembled with 30nm NPs, measured after a long annealing. Compared

with 10nm and 20nm systems, the framework of 30nm NP does not exhibit structural

order.


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Supplementary Figure 23. Cryo-STEM of simple cubic system. (a) & (b) Low

magnification images of the lattice. (c) & (d) High magnification images of the (100)

plane (tilted).


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Supplementary Figure 24. Cryo-STEM of BCT system. (a) High magnification image

of (111) plane. (b) Low magnification image of the BCT lattice.


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Supplementary Figure 25. Cryo-STEM of FCC system (system III, as shown in Figure

2). (a) Low magnification image of the lattice. (b) High magnification image of (100)

plane of the lattice.


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Supplementary Figure 26. Structure factor S(q) for octahedral systems (system III as

shown in Figure 2) with different concentration of NPs and same concentration of M13

DNA (7.2nM). The result showed that more NPs would not change the structure (even

the orders of the structure) of formed superlattice.


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Supplementary Figure 27. Different possible models with high symmetry for

arrangements of cube frames that support a simple cubic structure of NPs lattice. The

measured ratio of NPs to frames is close to 2 (1.87), see the part 3 of supplementary

information. (a) the ratio of NPs to frames in the model is 1:1; (b) the ratio of NPs to

frames in the model is 2:1 (due to the significant edge-to-edge repulsion between DNA

frames, this model is less likely to be realized in comparison with the proposed

arrangement in Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. 16); (c) the ratio of NPs to frames for this

arrangement is 4:1.


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Supplementary Figure 28. Other possible models with high symmetry for the

arrangement of triangular prism frames in the simple hexagonal lattice formed by NPs, as

observed by SAXS. (a) the ratio of NPs to frames in this model is 1:2; (b) the ratio of NPs

to frames in the model is 1:1.


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Supplementary Figure 29. A possible model of superlattice that can support FCC

structure of NPs lattice formed with octahedral frames. Different from the one shown in

Figure 3, red marked voids are filled with another octahedral frame. Ratio of NPs and

frames in this case is 1:1. However, since the ratio of NPs and frames in the superlattice

is close to 2:1, this scenario is not realized.


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System

Number Linker

Motif Lattice ξ

(μm) I 0-6-10 Amorphous 0.300

II 2-6-10 FCC 0.632

III 9-6-10 FCC 0.431

IV 6-9-21 Amorphous 0.307

V 0-15-15 Amorphous 0.295

Supplementary Table 1. Correlation length (ξ) for NP-DNA framework systems formed

with octahedra frames, as obtained from the resolution-corrected first peak of the

measured structure factors.


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Polyhedron Binding method M.T. (oC)

Octahedron 15polyA/6bind thio-DNA (16mer) 35.5

ESD 8polyA/6bind thio-DNA (16mer) 28.8

ESD 15polyA/6bind thio-DNA (16mer) 32.4

Cubic 15polyA/9bind thio-DNA (30mer) 35.9

Prism 10random/8bind thio-DNA (50mer) 37.9

TBP 15random/6bind thio-DNA (16mer) 37.8

Supplementary Table 2. Measured melting temperature (M.T.) for all studied

framework systems with 10 nm NP. The measurements were conducted using DLS, as

described and shown in Supplementary Figure 20.


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Linker Motif

l-m-n

Sequences on TBP DNA sequences on NP

2-8-8 5’-TBP-TTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTACCTTCAT

2-8-16 5’-TBP-TTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

ACCTTCAT

2-8-22 5’-TBP-TTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTTACCTTCAT

2-8-32 5’-TBP-TTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTACCTTCAT

2-8-42 5’-TBP-TTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

ACCTTCAT

7-8-8 5’-TBP-TTTTTTTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTACCTTCAT

7-8-16 5’-TBP-TTTTTTTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

ACCTTCAT

7-8-22 5’-TBP-TTTTTTTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTTACCTTCAT

7-8-32 5’-TBP-TTTTTTTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTACCTTCAT

7-8-42 5’-TBP-TTTTTTTATGAAGGT 5’-NP-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

ACCTTCAT

Supplementary Table 3. The list of studied triangular bipyramid (TBP) frame systems

with different linker motifs used for the TBP/NP assemblies.


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3. DNA Sequence Design

(1). HPLC purified DNA oligonucleotides (attached on NPs) were purchased as

lyophilized powers (Integrated DNA Technologies Inc.). The staple DNA for origami

formations was purified with standard desalting method. M13mp18 single stranded phage

DNA was purchased from Bayou Biolabs, LLC and used without further purification.

The DNA sequences (5’ to 3’) were:

Name Used systems Sequence details

Seq. 1 System I-III for octahedron/ ESB HS-C6H12-TTCTCCACAATTTTTT

Seq. 2 System IV for octahedron HS-C6H12-

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Seq.3 System V for octahedron/cube HS-C6H12-

TTTTTTCTATCCTTACCACTATTTTTTTTT

Seq. 4 Prism HS-C6H12-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTAACCTAACCTTCAT

(2). Staple sequences for octahedral system:

TCAAAGCGAACCAGACCGTTTTATATAGTC

GCTTTGAGGACTAAAGAGCAACGGGGAGTT

GTAAATCGTCGCTATTGAATAACTCAAGAA

AAGCCTTAAATCAAGACTTGCGGAGCAAAT

ATTTTAAGAACTGGCTTGAATTATCAGTGA

GTTAAAATTCGCATTATAAACGTAAACTAG

AGCACCATTACCATTACAGCAAATGACGGA

ATTGCGTAGATTTTCAAAACAGATTGTTTG

TAACCTGTTTAGCTATTTTCGCATTCATTC

GTCAGAGGGTAATTGAGAACACCAAAATA

CTCCAGCCAGCTTTCCCCTCAGGACGTTGG

GTCCACTATTAAAGAACCAGTTTTGGTTCC

TAAAGGTGGCAACATAGTAGAAAATAATAA

GATAAGTCCTGAACAACTGTTTAAAGAGAA

GGTAATAGTAAAATGTAAGTTTTACACTAT


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TCAGAACCGCCACCCTCTCAGAGTATTAGC

AAGGGAACCGAACTGAGCAGACGGTATCAT

GTAAAGATTCAAAAGGCCTGAGTTGACCCT

AGGCGTTAAATAAGAAGACCGTGTCGCAAG

CAGGTCGACTCTAGAGCAAGCTTCAAGGCG

CAGAGCCACCACCCTCTCAGAACTCGAGAG

TTCACGTTGAAAATCTTGCGAATGGGATTT

AAGTTTTAACGGGGTCGGAGTGTAGAATGG

TTGCGTATTGGGCGCCCGCGGGGTGCGCTC

GTCACCAGAGCCATGGTGAATTATCACCAATCAGAAAAGCCT

GGACAGAGTTACTTTGTCGAAATCCGCGTGTATCACCGTACG

CAACATGATTTACGAGCATGGAATAAGTAAGACGACAATAAA

AACCAGACGCTACGTTAATAAAACGAACATACCACATTCAGG

TGACCTACTAGAAAAAGCCCCAGGCAAAGCAATTTCATCTTC

TGCCGGAAGGGGACTCGTAACCGTGCATTATATTTTAGTTCT

AGAACCCCAAATCACCATCTGCGGAATCGAATAAAAATTTTT

GCTCCATTGTGTACCGTAACACTGAGTTAGTTAGCGTAACCT

AGTACCGAATAGGAACCCAAACGGTGTAACCTCAGGAGGTTT

CAGTTTGAATGTTTAGTATCATATGCGTAGAATCGCCATAGC

AAGATTGTTTTTTAACCAAGAAACCATCGACCCAAAAACAGG

TCAGAGCGCCACCACATAATCAAAATCAGAACGAGTAGTATG

GATGGTTGGGAAGAAAAATCCACCAGAAATAATTGGGCTTGA

CTCCTTAACGTAGAAACCAATCAATAATTCATCGAGAACAGA

AGACACCTTACGCAGAACTGGCATGATTTTCTGTCCAGACAA

GCCAGCTAGGCGATAGCTTAGATTAAGACCTTTTTAACCTGT

CCGACTTATTAGGAACGCCATCAAAAATGAGTAACAACCCCA

GTCCAATAGCGAGAACCAGACGACGATATTCAACGCAAGGGA

CCAAAATACAATATGATATTCAACCGTTAGGCTATCAGGTAA

AACAGTACTTGAAAACATATGAGACGGGTCTTTTTTAATGGA

TTTCACCGCATTAAAGTCGGGAAACCTGATTTGAATTACCCA

GAGAATAGAGCCTTACCGTCTATCAAATGGAGCGGAATTAGA

ATAATTAAATTTAAAAAACTTTTTCAAACTTTTAACAACGCC

GCACCCAGCGTTTTTTATCCGGTATTCTAGGCGAATTATTCA

GGAAGCGCCCACAAACAGTTAATGCCCCGACTCCTCAAGATA

GTTTGCCTATTCACAGGCAGGTCAGACGCCACCACACCACCC

CGCGAGCTTAGTTTTTCCCAATTCTGCGCAAGTGTAAAGCCT


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AGAAGCAACCAAGCCAAAAGAATACACTAATGCCAAAACTCC

ATTAAGTATAAAGCGGCAAGGCAAAGAAACTAATAGGGTACC

CAGTGCCTACATGGGAATTTACCGTTCCACAAGTAAGCAGAT

ATAAGGCGCCAAAAGTTGAGATTTAGGATAACGGACCAGTCA

TGCTAAACAGATGAAGAAACCACCAGAATTTAAAAAAAGGCT

CAGCCTTGGTTTTGTATTAAGAGGCTGACTGCCTATATCAGA

CGGAATAATTCAACCCAGCGCCAAAGACTTATTTTAACGCAA

CGCCTGAATTACCCTAATCTTGACAAGACAGACCATGAAAGA

ACGCGAGGCTACAACAGTACCTTTTACAAATCGCGCAGAGAA

CAGCGAACATTAAAAGAGAGTACCTTTACTGAATATAATGAA

GGACGTTTAATTTCGACGAGAAACACCACCACTAATGCAGAT

AAAGCGCCAAAGTTTATCTTACCGAAGCCCAATAATGAGTAA

GAGCTCGTTGTAAACGCCAGGGTTTTCCAAAGCAATAAAGCC

AATTATTGTTTTCATGCCTTTAGCGTCAGATAGCACGGAAAC

AAGTTTCAGACAGCCGGGATCGTCACCCTTCTGTAGCTCAAC

ACAAAGAAATTTAGGTAGGGCTTAATTGTATACAACGGAATC

AACAAAAATAACTAGGTCTGAGAGACTACGCTGAGTTTCCCT

CATAACCTAAATCAACAGTTCAGAAAACGTCATAAGGATAGC

CACGACGAATTCGTGTGGCATCAATTCTTTAGCAAAATTACG

CCTACCAACAGTAATTTTATCCTGAATCAAACAGCCATATGA

GATTATAAAGAAACGCCAGTTACAAAATTTACCAACGTCAGA

AGTAGATTGAAAAGAATCATGGTCATAGCCGGAAGCATAAGT

TAGAATCCATAAATCATTTAACAATTTCTCCCGGCTTAGGTT

AAAGGCCAAATATGTTAGAGCTTAATTGATTGCTCCATGAGG

CCAAAAGGAAAGGACAACAGTTTCAGCGAATCATCATATTCC

GAAATCGATAACCGGATACCGATAGTTGTATCAGCTCCAACG

TGAATATTATCAAAATAATGGAAGGGTTAATATTTATCCCAA

GAGGAAGCAGGATTCGGGTAAAATACGTAAAACACCCCCCAG

GGTTGATTTTCCAGCAGACAGCCCTCATTCGTCACGGGATAG

CAAGCCCCCACCCTTAGCCCGGAATAGGACGATCTAAAGTTT

TGTAGATATTACGCGGCGATCGGTGCGGGCGCCATCTTCTGG

CATCCTATTCAGCTAAAAGGTAAAGTAAAAAGCAAGCCGTTT

CAGCTCATATAAGCGTACCCCGGTTGATGTGTCGGATTCTCC

CATGTCACAAACGGCATTAAATGTGAGCAATTCGCGTTAAAT

AGCGTCACGTATAAGAATTGAGTTAAGCCCTTTTTAAGAAAG

TATAAAGCATCGTAACCAAGTACCGCACCGGCTGTAATATCC


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ATAGCCCGCGAAAATAATTGTATCGGTTCGCCGACAATGAGT

AGACAGTTCATATAGGAGAAGCCTTTATAACATTGCCTGAGA

AACAGGTCCCGAAATTGCATCAAAAAGATCTTTGATCATCAG

ACTGCCCTTGCCCCGTTGCAGCAAGCGGCAACAGCTTTTTCT

TCAAAGGGAGATAGCCCTTATAAATCAAGACAACAACCATCG

GTAATACGCAAACATGAGAGATCTACAACTAGCTGAGGCCGG

GAGATAACATTAGAAGAATAACATAAAAAGGAAGGATTAGGA

CAGATATTACCTGAATACCAAGTTACAATCGGGAGCTATTTT

CATATAACTAATGAACACAACATACGAGCTGTTTCTTTGGGG

ATGTTTTGCTTTTGATCGGAACGAGGGTACTTTTTCTTTTGATAAGAGGTCATT

GGGGTGCCAGTTGAGACCATTAGATACAATTTTCACTGTGTGAAATTGTTATCC

CTTCGCTGGGCGCAGACGACAGTATCGGGGCACCGTCGCCATTCAGGCTGCGCA

TCAGAGCTGGGTAAACGACGGCCAGTGCGATCCCCGTAGTAGCATTAACATCCA

TTAGCGGTACAGAGCGGGAGAATTAACTGCGCTAATTTCGGAACCTATTATTCT

GATATTCTAAATTGAGCCGGAACGAGGCCCAACTTGGCGCATAGGCTGGCTGAC

TGTCGTCATAAGTACAGAACCGCCACCCATTTTCACAGTACAAACTACAACGCC

CGATTATAAGCGGAGACTTCAAATATCGCGGAAGCCTACGAAGGCACCAACCTA

AACATGTACGCGAGTGGTTTGAAATACCTAAACACATTCTTACCAGTATAAAGC

GTCTGGATTTTGCGTTTTAAATGCAATGGTGAGAAATAAATTAATGCCGGAGAG

GCCTTGAATCTTTTCCGGAACCGCCTCCCAGAGCCCAGAGCCGCCGCCAGCATT

CGCTGGTGCTTTCCTGAATCGGCCAACGAGGGTGGTGATTGCCCTTCACCGCCT

TGATTATCAACTTTACAACTAAAGGAATCCAAAAAGTTTGAGTAACATTATCAT

ACATAACTTGCCCTAACTTTAATCATTGCATTATAACAACATTATTACAGGTAG

GTAGCGCCATTAAATTGGGAATTAGAGCGCAAGGCGCACCGTAATCAGTAGCGA

TTATTTTTACCGACAATGCAGAACGCGCGAAAAATCTTTCCTTATCATTCCAAG

TTTCAATAGAAGGCAGCGAACCTCCCGATTAGTTGAAACAATAACGGATTCGCC

GGGCGACCCCAAAAGTATGTTAGCAAACTAAAAGAGTCACAATCAATAGAAAAT

AGCCGAAAGTCTCTCTTTTGATGATACAAGTGCCTTAAGAGCAAGAAACAATGA

GTGGGAAATCATATAAATATTTAAATTGAATTTTTGTCTGGCCTTCCTGTAGCC

CCCACGCGCAAAATGGTTGAGTGTTGTTCGTGGACTTGCTTTCGAGGTGAATTT

ATGACCACTCGTTTGGCTTTTGCAAAAGTTAGACTATATTCATTGAATCCCCCT

TCCAAATCTTCTGAATTATTTGCACGTAGGTTTAACGCTAACGAGCGTCTTTCC

GGGTTATTTAATTACAATATATGTGAGTAATTAATAAGAGTCAATAGTGAATTT

Sticky end sequences for system I:


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TTTGCGGATGGCCAACTAAAGTACGGGCTTGCAGCTACAGAGAAAAAA

CTTCATCAAGAGAAATCAACGTAACAGAGATTTGTCAATCATAAAAAA

AAAGATTCATCAGGAATTACGAGGCATGCTCATCCTTATGCGAAAAAA

ATAAATCATACATAAATCGGTTGTACTGTGCTGGCATGCCTGAAAAAA

GGTAGCTATTTTAGAGAATCGATGAAAACATTAAATGTGTAGAAAAAA

CAAATGCTTTAAAAAATCAGGTCTTTAAGAGCAGCCAGAGGGAAAAAA

TCATATGGTTTACGATTGAGGGAGGGAAACGCAATACATACAAAAAAA

CAACGCTCAACAGCAGAGGCATTTTCAATCCAATGATAAATAAAAAAA

AATAGCAATAGCACCAGAAGGAAACCTAAAGCCACTGGTAATAAAAAA

GACAGGAGGTTGAAACAAATAAATCCGCCCCCTCCGCCACCCAAAAAA

AGCTTTCATCAACGGATTGACCGTAAAATCGTATAATATTTTAAAAAA

AGAGCCTAATTTGATTTTTTGTTTAAATCCTGAAATAAAGAAAAAAAA

GCTCACAATTCCGTGAGCTAACTCACTGGAAGTAATGGTCAAAAAAAA

CTTAAACAGCTTATATATTCGGTCGCTTGATGGGGAACAAGAAAAAAA

AAACGAAAGAGGGCGAAACAAAGTACTGACTATATTCGAGCTAAAAAA

ACTGTTGGGAAGCAGCTGGCGAAAGGATAGGTCAAGATCGCAAAAAAA

GGCCCTGAGAGAAGCAGGCGAAAATCATTGCGTAGAGGCGGTAAAAAA

AACGGGTATTAAGGAATCATTACCGCCAGTAATTCAACAATAAAAAAA

CAGAATCAAGTTTCGGCATTTTCGGTTAAATATATCACCAGTAAAAAA

GAAACATGAAAGCTCAGTACCAGGCGAAAAATGCTGAACAAAAAAAAA

ATCAAAATCATATATGTAAATGCTGAACAAACACTTGCTTCTAAAAAA

TGATTGCTTTGAGCAAAAGAAGATGAAATAGCAGAGGTTTTGAAAAAA

TTTGCGGAACAATGGCAATTCATCAATCTGTATAATAATTTTAAAAAA

TGTAGCATTCCAACGTTAGTAAATGAAGTGCCGCGCCACCCTAAAAAA

Sticky end sequences for system II:

TTTGCGGATGGCCAACTAAAGTACGGGCTTGCAGCTACAGAGAAAAAAAA

CTTCATCAAGAGAAATCAACGTAACAGAGATTTGTCAATCATAAAAAAAA

AAAGATTCATCAGGAATTACGAGGCATGCTCATCCTTATGCGAAAAAAAA

ATAAATCATACATAAATCGGTTGTACTGTGCTGGCATGCCTGAAAAAAAA

GGTAGCTATTTTAGAGAATCGATGAAAACATTAAATGTGTAGAAAAAAAA

CAAATGCTTTAAAAAATCAGGTCTTTAAGAGCAGCCAGAGGGAAAAAAAA

TCATATGGTTTACGATTGAGGGAGGGAAACGCAATACATACAAAAAAAAA

CAACGCTCAACAGCAGAGGCATTTTCAATCCAATGATAAATAAAAAAAAA


41

AATAGCAATAGCACCAGAAGGAAACCTAAAGCCACTGGTAATAAAAAAAA

GACAGGAGGTTGAAACAAATAAATCCGCCCCCTCCGCCACCCAAAAAAAA

AGCTTTCATCAACGGATTGACCGTAAAATCGTATAATATTTTAAAAAAAA

AGAGCCTAATTTGATTTTTTGTTTAAATCCTGAAATAAAGAAAAAAAAAA

GCTCACAATTCCGTGAGCTAACTCACTGGAAGTAATGGTCAAAAAAAAAA

CTTAAACAGCTTATATATTCGGTCGCTTGATGGGGAACAAGAAAAAAAAA

AAACGAAAGAGGGCGAAACAAAGTACTGACTATATTCGAGCTAAAAAAAA

ACTGTTGGGAAGCAGCTGGCGAAAGGATAGGTCAAGATCGCAAAAAAAAA

GGCCCTGAGAGAAGCAGGCGAAAATCATTGCGTAGAGGCGGTAAAAAAAA

AACGGGTATTAAGGAATCATTACCGCCAGTAATTCAACAATAAAAAAAAA

CAGAATCAAGTTTCGGCATTTTCGGTTAAATATATCACCAGTAAAAAAAA

GAAACATGAAAGCTCAGTACCAGGCGAAAAATGCTGAACAAAAAAAAAAA

ATCAAAATCATATATGTAAATGCTGAACAAACACTTGCTTCTAAAAAAAA

TGATTGCTTTGAGCAAAAGAAGATGAAATAGCAGAGGTTTTGAAAAAAAA

TTTGCGGAACAATGGCAATTCATCAATCTGTATAATAATTTTAAAAAAAA

TGTAGCATTCCAACGTTAGTAAATGAAGTGCCGCGCCACCCTAAAAAAAA

Sticky end sequences for system III-V:

TTTGCGGATGGCCAACTAAAGTACGGGCTTGCAGCTACAGAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CTTCATCAAGAGAAATCAACGTAACAGAGATTTGTCAATCATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAGATTCATCAGGAATTACGAGGCATGCTCATCCTTATGCGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATAAATCATACATAAATCGGTTGTACTGTGCTGGCATGCCTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GGTAGCTATTTTAGAGAATCGATGAAAACATTAAATGTGTAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CAAATGCTTTAAAAAATCAGGTCTTTAAGAGCAGCCAGAGGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TCATATGGTTTACGATTGAGGGAGGGAAACGCAATACATACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CAACGCTCAACAGCAGAGGCATTTTCAATCCAATGATAAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AATAGCAATAGCACCAGAAGGAAACCTAAAGCCACTGGTAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GACAGGAGGTTGAAACAAATAAATCCGCCCCCTCCGCCACCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGCTTTCATCAACGGATTGACCGTAAAATCGTATAATATTTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGAGCCTAATTTGATTTTTTGTTTAAATCCTGAAATAAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GCTCACAATTCCGTGAGCTAACTCACTGGAAGTAATGGTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CTTAAACAGCTTATATATTCGGTCGCTTGATGGGGAACAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAACGAAAGAGGGCGAAACAAAGTACTGACTATATTCGAGCTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ACTGTTGGGAAGCAGCTGGCGAAAGGATAGGTCAAGATCGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA


42

GGCCCTGAGAGAAGCAGGCGAAAATCATTGCGTAGAGGCGGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AACGGGTATTAAGGAATCATTACCGCCAGTAATTCAACAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CAGAATCAAGTTTCGGCATTTTCGGTTAAATATATCACCAGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GAAACATGAAAGCTCAGTACCAGGCGAAAAATGCTGAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATCAAAATCATATATGTAAATGCTGAACAAACACTTGCTTCTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TGATTGCTTTGAGCAAAAGAAGATGAAATAGCAGAGGTTTTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TTTGCGGAACAATGGCAATTCATCAATCTGTATAATAATTTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TGTAGCATTCCAACGTTAGTAAATGAAGTGCCGCGCCACCCTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

(3). Staple sequences for cubic system

TAAATATTGACGGAAAATTGAGGTTGTCAC

CCGAACAAAGTTACCAAAAAGTATAAGCCC

TGAATCGGCCAACGCGGTGCCAGAATGAGT

AATCGTAAAACTAGCAAGAATCGGGGTAGC

AGAAGCCTTTATTTCAGTAATACGCAAAAT

ATTGTGAATTACCTTAAATTTCATCAGTGA

ATAGAAAGGAACAACTTTTCAGCTAGCGTA

CATGTAATTTAGGCAGTATTTAATGCGTTA

ACGTTGTAAAACGACGGGTTTTCAAGGGCG

GACTTCAAATATCGCGAAGAGGAAATCAAA

CAAATAAGAAACGATTATTATTTGAATCTT

GAGTGAATAACCTTGCATAAATCTCAAGAA

ATTGCGTAGATTTTCAAAACAGATTGTTTG


CCCAATTCTGCGAACGCATATAAAATATAA

ATTTACCGTTCCAGTAAAAGCGCTTGAGGC

GGCTTTTGCAAAAGAAAACCAAACAAAAGG

AACTTTTTCAAATATAACAAAGATTTTAAC

CGTACTCAGGAGGTTTGGAATAGTCCTCAA

CCGTAATGGGATAGGTACAAACGAAAATAA

TAATCAAAATCACCGGGTTTGCCGTTTGCC

AGCCGTTTTTATTTTCTCATCGACCTAATT

AGCCGGAACGAGGCGCCTGCTCCCAAGCGC

ATCGGAACGAGGGTAGAGCAGCGAACCGAT


43

AAAAATGAGTTACAGCGTCTTTCCAGAGAATCATCATATTCC

GAATTACATTCTAGAGGATCCCCGGGTAATCCGCTCACAATT

AAGCAAAGACATCTGCCAGTTTGAGGGGCCGCTTCTGGTGAG

ACCCCGGTGAGAGTCTACAAAGGCTATCTCGCAAGCGGTCCA

GAGAAGGGCCTGTACCATGTACCGTAACCCACCCTCCACCCT

TGAATATTATCAAAATAATGGAAGGGTTGCGCCTGTTTATCA

CCTACCAACAGTAATATAAAGTACCGACAATGCAGAACGCTC

GATTATAATAAGTCCAACATGTTCAGCTAAAAGGTCGTCAGA

CCTGATACCGAACTCACCGACTTGAGCCGGCCGGAAACGTCG

AAACGCACTTACCGGAAACAATGAAATATACACCATCAATAT

TACCGCGGTATTAAAACCAATCAATAATTCGCCTTAAATCAA

TAATAATTTGCTAATGTCGTCTTTCCAGATGCTTGATACCGA

GAAACAAAGCAGCAATTACCATTAGCAAATTTGGGCAATCAT

AGGTCAGAAACACTTACGAAGGCACCAAGGAAGTTTACATGG

CATTGCCTTGATAACCAGGGTGGTTTTTGAGAGAGTTGCAAC

TAAGCAAGAAACGCTAGCAAACGTAGAAGAACTGGGATAAAA

ATATTCGTCTGAAACCGTATAAACAGTTATAAGTTTACAGAG

TAAAGTAAGATACACAGTCAGGACGTTGGTAGAAAGATTCAC

AGAACGGCCCAATAGCAAGCCTCCCTCACACTTATCATTCCA

TGCTGTATACCACACAACATTATTACAGGGAAGAATTAGTTT

CAGAACCGGGTTGATTAGCGGGGTTTTGTACACCAGTACAAA

GAAATCGAATATCAAATTAACTGAACACAGAATAATCCAACG

CAGTAATGGGCTTAAGTATAAAGCCAACAGGCGAATTATTCA

ATCTTCTTGATGCAGGGTTATATAACTACTCAGTACCAGGCC

ATAAGGCCCAATAACTGAAAAGGTGGCAAATAACCTTAAGAA

AAGGGAAAATTGTGCGGAGATTTGTATCAGCACCAATGAAAC

TGGGATTTTTTTCACGTTGAAAATGTTTCCGAATTTTCTGTA

GAGTAGTATTATACTTTCGCAAATGGTCTCAATTCTACTAAC

TCAAAGCGCGGATTCCTGACTATTATAGTTCATCAACATTTA

GAGCTAAAGCTCATAACGTTAATATTTTAAAACAGAGGCGGT

TTCGCGTCCATTCGCCAGCTTTCCGGCAACGACGAGTGTAGA

AACAGTAAAGAGAACAGTACCTTTTACAAATCGCGCAGAGAA

CCGGAACGGTCATAGTAGCGCGTTTTCACGGCTGTCTTTCCC

GCTATTACTTTTTTCATTTAACAATTTCCAGCTGGCGAAAAA

TAACCCTGTAAAATCTCCAAAAAAAAGGATTTCTTAAACACA

CTGGCTCAAATTGGGACGAGAAACACCACAATAGTAGTAGCA


44

TCGGTTGGAACCCTCGGAATACCCAAAAAATACATACATAAA

CTTTTGATCCTCATGCCTTGATATTCACTTGAGGCAAAAGAA

TAGCTATATAATAACATATATTTTAAATAGACAGTCAAATAA

TAAATGCGAACCGCCACCCTCAGAGCCAACTGAGTTTCGTTG

ACCAACGCAGATGAAGAAACCACCAGAATTTAAAATAACGTC

CCAAAGATCACCGTGACCAACTTTGAAACAAGAGTAATCTCG

TACGAGCTGCTATTCCTCCCGACTTGCGTTATCCGGAATCAT

CATTTTCCGCAAATCAGATATAGAAGGCGGAGGTTTTGAAGG

ATCGGTGCGGAAGCTGTGTGAAATTGTTCCGAGCTCCAAGCT

GGTAATACGTTTACGTAAGAGCAACACTACGTTAGTAAATCT

ATTTGCCAAAATAGACCGTCTATCAAATGGAGCGGAATTAGA

TTTAGCGCCACCAGACCCTCAGAGCCGCGAGCCGCGCCACCA

TATTTTTTTGCCCCCACCGCCTGGCCCTCTTTTCACATATGT

ATTTTTATACCAAATCAGAGCATAAAGCGCAAGGTGGCAACA

ACGATCTGCCGACATGCTTTCGAGGTGACTCCAAATTGCGAA

AATCAATATTACCCTGGCTGACCTTCATGAGGACATTAAAGG

AATAATAAACCGTTGTGAGAAAGGCCGGGCAATGCACCGAGG

TGGGCGCCCCGTCGTCCTGTAGCCAGCTTCCCGGAAACCAGG

AACAAAATTTATCAGACGCTGAGAAGAGCTTAGAAAATCGTC

TCAAAGGGAGATAGCCCTTATAAATCAACCCAGAGGGTAATT

TACAAATTACCTGAATACCAAGTTACAATCGGGAGTTCGAGC

AGGCCGCGGACTAAGGAGTGTACTGGTAAATGCCCCCTGCAC

AATTACGTTTAAACTATTCATTGAATCCAGACTGGCAGAGGG

GCAAGGCCTGCAGGTCGACTAATTTTCCTCGGGGGATGTGCT

GCTTTGATTTTGCGAGGCTTGCAGGGAGAACTATTTCGGAAC

GTCGAGAGCCACCCTCAGACCTAAATTTCACGGATAAGTGCC

TTGCGTATTTCCAGTAATTGCGTTGCGCAGATTAAATTTTTG

GTAACAAATCGTAACCGTGACCAGACCGGAAAATGTGAGCGA

AATCAGGATTTTTGTAATTGCTCCTTTTGAAGCAATCGAGCT

TGAATTACAAAAGGTCATATGGTTTACCATTGACAAGAACCG

CTCCGGCTAATTACTAAATAAGAATAAAAATGGTTTAATTTC

GACCATTCGGTGTCATGTTTTAAATATGGAATCAGTTGAGAT

AAATAAATGATACAAGACTTTTTCATGACCTAAAACGAAAAA

ATAGCCCGCGAAAACAGCCTTTACAGAGCCTGAACAAAGTTA

TGCCCGCTTGGGCGTCAGAAAAGCCCCAGTTAAAATTCGCGT

TGCATGCGATTAAGCTTCGCTATTACGCATTTCCACACAACA


45

ACAATAGCTTCTGAATTATTTGCACGTAGGTTTAAAAAGTAATTCTGTCCAGAC

TAGTGAATTAATTAAATGGAAACAGTACTTCTGTATCCTTGAAAACATAGCGAT

AGAACCATCAGACTGCCCCCTTATTAGCAACCAGACACCCTCAGAACCGCCACC

AGAGGTCTCTTTACGCATCAAAAAGATTTTTTAATACTCCAACAGGTCAGGATT

TAGTTGCAAAGTTTACAACTTTCAACAGAAAGGAAAGGAGCCTTTAATTGTATC

GATATTCAGAGCAAAAGCCCTTTTTAAGGAAGGAACTGAGTAATGTGTAGGTAA

TGATTATCTAACGAAAATAAACAGCCATTTTTGTTGTTTGAGTAACATTATCAT

CAAATGCAGGCATACAGACGACGATAAAGTTTTGCATAGCGTCCAATACTGCGG

TTAAATCCTCACATTCGGGAAACCTGTCCGGGGAGGAAGATTGTATAAGCAAAT

TTAGGAAGCTCAACTGGAAGTTTCATTCAGTAGATAAATCTACGTTAATAAAAC

CTATTATGTCGCTGGGATCGTCACCCTCCAACGGCTTAACGGGGTCAGTGCCTT

CATCGATAGTACAATCGAAATCCGCGACAGACGGTAATTAGAGCCAGCAAAATC

GATATTCAGAAAATGCGACATTCAACCGTTATTCAGATGAACGGTGTACAGACC

TTAACATTTGCCCTGCTTGAGATGGTTTTGCGATTTGTTTAGCTATATTTTCAT

TTTCAATTCTTACCATTGAGAATCGCCAAGGCATTAAACAATAACGGATTCGCC

CAAAGCGCTGGCCTGATTCTCCGTGGGACACGTTGCAGTATCGGCCTCAGGAAG

GAGCGCTGCAAAATGGTTGAGTGTTGTTCGTGGACCATAAAAACAGGGAAGCGC

GGAATCATTAGGTTAATCCAATCGCAAGTTTTAGTTGAAATACCGACCGTGTGA

TATAAAATAAAGCCAACATTATGACCCTACGCAAGCATGATTAAGACTCCTTAT

CTACAACATTAGGATATAAGTATAGCCCAGTACCGCATTTTCAGGGATAGCAAG

GATTAGTATGTAGAACCAAGTACCGCACATCGTAGGTATTCTAAGAACGCGAGG

TACACTAACGATTGTAAAGCCAGAATGGAGCGTCATCCATTAAACGGGTAAAAT

TACGAGCCGGGCCTTTGGGTAACGCCAGGCCAGTGCGAATTCGTAATCATGGTC

CGCTGGTGAGAGATCTGGAGCAAACAAGTGTCAATCCAGTGAGACGGGCAACAG

ACCAGTAGCACCCCGTAATCAGTAGCATTATACATGTTACTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATTAGACGGGAGGAGAGATAACCCACTTGATGGGGAACAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGGCGCATAGGCAAATCAACGTAACAGTTTATTGAGGGAAGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CCCAATAGGAACGCATTCCACAGACACTGAGACGTGTATCACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGCTTAGATTAAAAATCATAGGTCTGACAAACAAATATATGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ACGTAATGCCACCATCTTTGACCCCCCAGGAGGAGTCTCTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CTCAGAGCCACCAGCCGCCGCCAGCAGAATCAAATCTTTTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATAGCTGTTTCCATAAAGTGTAAAGCTGTTGGGCCAGTCACGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GAGTAACAGTGCCATGAAAGTATTAACACGCATAAAGACAGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGATTCAAAAGGCTAGCTGATAAATTATTGAGTAGCAGATAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GAACTAACGGAATTCAACTAATGCAGATTGCTGCAGTTGATTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TTTGCGGAACAATGGCAATTCATCAATTATCCTATCCCAATCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TACGCAGTATGTAAAGACACCACGGAAGAATTATTTTGCGGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TGATTGCTTTGAGCAAAAGAAGATGATATCATACAACGCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TTGGGGCGCGAGATCATACAGGCAAGTGCTCATACTTTAATCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CTGATTGCCCTTAGCAGGCGAAAATCCCGGAGAATGAACGGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATCGCACTCCAGCCATTCAGGCTGCGGCCATCAGCGGATTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA


46

AATCGTCATAAAAGTTCAGAAAACGAATAACGCATAGCGAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CGTTTTAGCGAATTGCACCCAGCTACATCCCATGAACAAGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GACGACAATAAACTGAACAAGAAAAAATCCTGAAATAAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TAAATAAGGCGTTAGAAAAAGCCTGTACTACCTACGCGAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GGTTTATCAGCTATGACAACAACCATTCATAGTGGAGTGAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATTTAAATTGTATTTTTAACCAATAGGGTGCCTCTGCATTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGAGAGTACCTTCGGATGGCTTAGAGGACCATAAGCCCGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

(4). Staple sequences for ESB system:

CCGACTTTGGGTTAATCGCAAGACAAAGTTAATTTTCAACCGATTGAGGGAGGG

TATCGGCCCAAAAAAAATCAGCTCATTTCGCGTCTAACGGCGGATTGACCGTAA

TTTAAATGCCGGAACGCAACTGTTGGGAGCCAGCTTGATAAGAGGTCATTTTTG

CATTATGTGATTCCGGTCAATAACCTGTAAAGGTGAAGGCAAAGAATTAGCAAA

CCTTGCTCAAGTTATGATGAAACAAACATTCATTTGTCTGTCCATCACGCAAAT

GAGTTAATTTGTCGAGAATAGAAAGGAAACGTTGACTTAAACAGCTTGATACCG

TACCTTTAGTAACAATTCCTGATTATCAGTTTGGACACGTAAAACAGAAATAAA

GCGACCTCGGAACGAGTTTCCATTAAACCAACCTAATTATACCAAGCGCGAAAC

CGAACCAACGCTCAGGCAGATTCACCAGCCAACAGTTTTGAATGGCTATTAGTC

CGCTGGTTTTCCTGTAATGAGTGAGCTACTTTCCAGCCAGGGTGGTTTTTCTTT

ATATGCGCAAACGTAAAGAAACGCAAAGAATAGAATGATAAATAAGGCGTTAAA

AGCCTAAAGCAAGCAAGAACGCGAGGCGTGAAGCCGCTACAATTTTATCCTGAA

TCGACAACTGCAACTGAACCTCAAATATAATCAACACTAATAGATTAGAGCCGT

GAATACCATAAGAAATTAGACGGGAGAAAATTGAGATAGCTATCTTACCGAAGC

ACGCCTGTGAGATTAGGCATAGTAAGAGCGATAAACTCAGAGCCACCACCCTCA

AGTTAATGCAAAATGGTTGAGTGTTGTTCGTGGACTGATACAGGAGTGTACTGG

ATTTATCGCGCCGCCGTTAGAATCAGAGTTTAGACTGTAAATCGTCGCTATTAA

TGGCAAGGCATTGATGATATTCACAAACCGCAGTCGACGGGGAAAGCCGGCGAA

CCATAAATAAGAGGGGCGGATAAGTGCCTAGGTGTTAGACTGGATAGCGTCCAA

AGAACAATTAATTGAAGTACCGACAAAAAACAACATAATTTACGAGCATGTAGA

TCGTAAATAAAAATAGATTCAAAAGGGTATATGATGAGATCTACAAAGGCTATC

TAATAAAGGGAACCGAGTAATCTTGACAACAAAGCAATTTCAACTTTAATCATT

CAGAGCCACCATTATAGCGACAGAATCATTCATCGAATCACCGGAACCAGAGCC

CTCTAGAGGATTGCTCAAATATCGCGTTAGCAAACGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCA

CTGACCTATAAGGCTTGCCCTGACGAGAGGCGCATAGGCTGG

CTTTTTCAAAGAATACTCATCTTTGACCGCCTGATGAAATCC


47

CAGAAGGAATAAGAGCAAGAAACAATGACCGAACAAAGTTAC

GCAAGGAACTAGCAGAGAGTCTGGAGCATTTTTGAATTCAAC

CAAAAGGATTAAAGGTGAAAAGGTGGCAACCAGCGTGGTTTG

GCCGCCATGTAGCGGGAAGGGAAGAAAGAGAGCTTTCTGAAT

TAATGTGGCTGATAAATTATGCTATTTTCCGCAATGCCTGAG

GGGGGATCAGGCTGACCAGGCAAAGCGCGAAGCTCAACATGT

ACACCGCCTCGTATCATTTGAGGATTTAACTAACAAGTTGAA

CGAGGAAAACGTCAAAAATGAAAATAGCTACAGAGCTAAAGA

ATCAGAGGAAGCGCACGATTTTTTGTTTACGCAATAATAACG

CTAAAGTAGGCCGCACAATGACAACAACTGAATTTAAATCTC

ATCATTTCGAAAGGAGCGGGAATAGCCCGCGAAAAAGCGTCA

TTCTACTCGCAAATCAATTCTGCGAACGTGTTGTAATCGGTA

TAACGTGAGAATCCGTGAGTGAATAACCACATAGCGATAGCT

TACATTTAATAGTACATCCAATAAATCAAAGCTAACCAAAAA

TGACCTAAAATCCATATAACTATATGTATATTATCACCGTCA

CATCAGTTAGCATTGCAAGCCCAATAGGCGCCACCAACCAAA

TAACAGTACCCTGTAGCCTCAGAGCATATACAGGCGCATCAA

GGAATTAAATGGAACTACCATATCAAAACGTCAGAGTAACAG

TTTGCTAAAAGCGTTTATTTTGTATCGGATACCATATGAAAT

AAATACCACTAGAAAAAGCTGCTGATGCAATTTAACCAAAGA

CGTTCTATAGGTAATTTTAGAACCCTCAAGGATGAACGGTAA

ACTTGCCATAATCAACAGTACATAAATCAGATTTCTATTCAC

AAGCATCGAGGAAGATATCTTTAGGAGCGAAGTATAAACAAT

AGGAATTACCTTGCAGTGCCACGCTGAGACTTTACTAGACGT

ATAGCGAAATTACGTAGGAATACCACATCAGTACAGTACCGT

GTAGGGCGCAAGCCATCGGCTGTCTTTCCCCATCCTGTTCAG

CCAGTCAGAGTAGTAAATTGGGCTTGAGACTGGCTCATTATA

ATCATAAACGAACTATGCGATTTTAAGAATGGTTTTGCTCAT

TCTGAATTCATCATTTATCATTTTGCGGTAATACATGAATGG

TCGGTCGAGTAAATGAATTTTCTGTATGGTCACCACGATAGC

GGATTATTGACCTGAATACGTGGCACAGAACATCGTACCGAA

TACATGGTTGAGTAACAGTGTCAGACGATCCAGTAACCGTCT

AATAGTATTGAATCCCCCTCAAATGCTTTTGCCAGAGTACCG

AATAAGAAGAACGCGCCTGTTTATCAACATTTTCGAGCCAGT

AACCGATTTTATCAGCTTGCTTTCGAGGCATCGCCCACGCAT

GCTTAATAAAATCATAGAATCCTTGAAATTGCTTCAGGAACG


48

AAACAGGAGATAACCCACAAGAATTGAGAGAGAATAACATAA

AGAGGCAATGAGGAAGGGTAGCAACGGCAGGTGTCAAATTCC

AACGGGTCCTGAACAAGAAAAATAATATCTTATCATTCCAAG

CTTAGGTGAGCCATGACGGAAATTATTCGCGACATCATCTTC

GTACGCCCTTTCCTTACAGGGCGCGTACAGAGTCAATAGTGA

GAGCCGGTCGTAAGAAAGCGGCCAACGCTGATCGTGCTCAAG

TTAATTGATATAATGCTGTGGAAGCCCGATTAGAGAAGGCGA

CTGTAGCTTTTGTTCAGGAAGATTGTATGGGGACGACGACAG

TTATCCGGTATGCCGGAGAGGGTAGCTAAACAAGAGAATCGC

TTAAGTTCAAGCTTGCATGTTCGCCATTGTGCTGCAGTACCT

GGTCAGGAAAGACTATCAAAAAGATTAACACCTGCAGGTCGA

GCCCAATTTTGCCATAACGAGCGTCTTTGCACCCATTAAATC

AAAGTATTCAAAAAGTCATAAATATTCAAAATGTTATCACCG

CGGTCATTAATCAGGCAAGGCCGGAAACGGAACCGCTCAGAT

GTGCATCACAACCCGTCGGATTCTCCGTGGCGCATCGTAACC

ATAGCTGTTGCCCCCGGGCAACAGCTGAATTGGGCGTCGGGA

CTTTTTTAAGAAGACAAAATCGCGCAGAACTCAAATAACATC

CAGAGGCAAAGAACGGGTTTAGATAAGTATACCAGAAACCTA

ATGTTAGTTATACACCGGAATCATAATTGACCGTGAATTCAT

ACAGCATGCTCCATAGATTTGTATCATCCCCAGCGAAACGAA

CACCATTACCACCCGCCTCCCTCAGAGCTAATCAAGCATTTT

GCTGAGATATGGTTGCTTTAGTAGAAGAGGCGAATAATTACC

TGAATACGGTAATACAATACTTCTTTGATAAAAGAGAATTAC

TAGATTAAATATATTGAGAAGTGTTTTTTGGACGAGCACGTA

CAGTTCAGAGAAGGATTAGTTTCGTCACTCAACTAATAACGC

ACCCTTCTTACATTTGGAAATACCTACAATAAAAACCATTAC

AAGTTTGTACATCGATTTTCAGGTTTAATTATTTGTTATACT

AACACTGCAGAACCTTGCAAAAGAAGTTTAGATACATGCAAA

AGAGTTGCCGCTCACAATTCCACACAACTTTTGACCTGAAAT

AGCACCGAGCCCCCTTGCCATCTTTTCACGCCACCCCACCCT

TGAGCAAAATGGAAGTGAGGCCACCGAGTTAGTAACTATCGG

GAAATCGGCCCCCTACGGGGTCAGTGCCCTTTTGATCCAACG

TCAAAGGGAGATAGCCCTTATAAATCAAAGGCCCGTATAAAC

AACCAAGTAACAACGCCAACATGTAATTAACAAAGAAGGAGC

AACCTGTGGGTGCCTGTGAAATTGTTATCAGCAAGCGGTCCA

ATGGTTTACATATAAGAAAATACATACAAACTGTTTAGTATC


49

AGTTTGAAAGCAAATATTTAAATTGTAAAGCCAGCAAATCTA

AAGATTAGTATTCTAAATCAGATATAGATATATTTTAAATAG

GTTTCAGAAGGCTCCAAAAGGAGCCTTTAACAACTTTCAACA

ATTAAATCAGCTTTCATCAACATTAAATTTGTTAAAATTCGC

CTGGCCCGCGGGGAGAGGCGGTTTGCGTTTGCCCTTCACCGC

CAAAAAACGGAGTGTCTTTCCAGACGTTCTGAGGCTTGCAGG

AATCCAACAAAAGAAAGTAAGCAGATAGAATAGCACGCTAAT

CAAAAGGGAGGCTTGCCACCCTCAGAACAACCCATAACTACA

TAATATTGTCTAAAGTTATGAGCGAGTATGATGAAAGCAACC

CAGACCAAAATTAAGTAGCCACCAGAACGGTTGACTTAGTAC

AGGAAAACCAGCAGACTGATAGCCCTAAACAATATAGATAGA

TCAGTGATCATCAAGAACTGACCAACTTAGAAAAATCTACGT

GTTGGGATGAAAGAGGACAGATGAACGGAGTAGATCATTAGA

TACTCAGAGTACCACTGAGACTCCTCAAGAAAACGAGAATGA

CTAATGCGAATATAAGAATCGCCATATTTACCGCACTCATCG

TTTACAGTTAAAACACACTAAGCCCAATAAGAGGAGCTTTAC

TTACCGTTTGGCCTCAGGAGGTTGAGGCAAGCGCTAGGGCGC

CCACCCTAGGATTAGCGGGGTTTTGCTCGAGGTTTAGGGGGT

TTCTGGTATGCAACAGCTTAATTGCTGACTCCTTTGGCGAAA

AAAAGCCCTCAGGACGTTGGTGTAGATGGGGAACAGGCCTTC

AAGCCTGCGTGCCAGCTGCATTAATGAAAAGCATAAAGTGTA

GCAAAGCGGATCCCACGACGGCCAGTGCGGGTAACTCCAACA

CAATATAATCCTGATTGATGATGATTTTAA

AATTACATTTAACAATTCAAGAAATTGCTT

TTGCGCTCACTGCCCGACTCACACATGGTC

AAGCCAGAATGGAAAGAAATAAACAGAGCC


CAGACTGTAGCGCGTTAGTTTGCCCAGTAG

TTGGGGCGCGAGCTGATTAGCTATTCCATA

GAATAATAATTTTTTCCAACTAATAACGAT

GCCTCTTCGCTATTACAGGGCGAGCACCGC

TTATTTTGTCACAATCACACCACACGCAGT

AGCGAACCAGACCGGATTAATTCGTCAGAA

CTCGTTTACCAGACGACAACACTAAAGATT

GACTTGCGGGAGGTTTTTTTAGCTTACCGC

AAAAGGGACATTCTGGTCACACGTTGCAAC

GGCCGATTAAAGGGATCGGGAGCCCGCCGC

AGTCAAATCACCATCAGAGAAAGTTTCAAC

GCCATCAAAAATAATTTTTAACCTAATCAG

ATCTGGTCAGTTGGCACAAACCCAGTATTA

CCAGACGACGACAATAGGTAAAGCTCAACA


50

GCCACTACGAAGGCACGGGTAAAGCGAAAG

TTCAAATATATTTTAGAACGCGACCTCCGG

TAAGTATAGCCCGGAAGTCGAGAAAACATG

AACAAAGTCAGAGGGTTTAACTGTTATCCC

TACCCAAATCAACGTAAGAACCGACGGTCA

TTAATTTTCCCTTAGGTCTGAGAGACACCACACTAAACAGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TCACCAGTGAGAAGCAGGCGAAAATCTCGTAATTTAATTGCGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CGTGGCGAGAAAGTCACGCTGCGCGTCCACCACTCCTCATTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GAAATTGCGTAGGGAGAAACAATAACGTTATTAGCAATTCATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AGGTCATTGCCTTGTCAATCATATGTGCCTTTAGCCGGAGACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AACCAATCAATAGTTTTTATTTTCATGCCAACGTAATTCTGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TAAGAATAAACAAATTCTTACCAGTACCTTATTGGAATAAGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TTTTCAGGGATACCACAGACAGCCCTCAGGTAGATCATAACCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAGTACAACGGGTTACTTAGCCGGACTCAGCAATACGTAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CAATAGATAATATAAATCCTTTGCCCGGCGGTCTCAATCAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATTAAGCAATAAAATACTTTTGCGGGAGTTTCATATTTTCATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TACTGCGGAATCTCAGGTCTTTACCCTATTCTGGGGTTGATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TCTTACCAACGCGTTACAAAATAAACGGAATCAGAACCTCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TTTAATGCGCGAAAGATAAAACAGAGCCAGCCAACCAGTAATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATAGTTGCGCCGTTTTGCGGGATCGTGTTAGCGAGGAATTGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CCTTTTTAAGAAACTGGCATGATTAAATATTATAACACCCTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TGGGATAGGTCAAGATCGCACTCCAGCGGTTGAAATAGGAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TAATAAGTTTTAGCCTATTTCGGAACTTGATGGGGAACAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TAACCGTTGTAGTCCAGAACAATATTTCGCCTGAACAAAATTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CGACGTTGTAAACGGGTACCGAGCTCTATTATAGAGCTTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ACCACCGGAACCTCAGAGCCGCCACCAAAATCACTTTAGCGTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

GTGAATTACCTTAACGGAACAACATTGGCGCAGGATATTCATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

CGGATGGCTTAGTAAAGTACGGTGTCCTTTCCGTCGGTGCGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAGGTAAATATTTTGGGAATTAGAGCTTTTTAAGAAAACTTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

(5). Staple sequences for prism system:

GCGCGTTTTCATCGGCGTTTGCCGAATTAG

CCGTTCTAGCTGATAAAATCACCATTTCAA

GCCATTAAAAATACCGGCGAACTCAGTAAT

TTTTGCTAAACAACTTAGTAAATCGTAACA

TTTGACCATTAGATACAATTCTGGATGGCT

TAACGGAATACCCAAAAAGGAAAATCAGAG

CGCCAGAATCCTGAGAAAGGGATGCGCGTA

GATTATCAGATGATGGGAGCGGATTGAGGA


51

GAGGCATTTTCGAGCCCAACGCCTCATAAT

CATTAAACGGGTAAAAAAGACTTGCTGAGG

CAAGATTAGTTGCTATGCGGGAGTTATTTT

AACAAACGGCGGATTGACAACCCAATTTTT

CGTCATAAATATTCATGGATAGCGCAACAC

TCCTTGAAAACATAGCCTATTAAATGATGA

AGGCTTGCCCTGACGAACAAAGCCTTTGAA

TTGTTCCAGTTTGGAAAATAGCCCTGGCCC

TGTTTCCTGTGTGAAACGAATTCTAAGTTG

CCTGCCTATTTCGGAATGCCCGTAAAGCGC

TAGGATTCAGAACCGAACCGCCACCCTCGGCGCATACAAGAA

TGCAACATTGAAAGAGGTTATCTAAAATTGCGTTAAACAGTA

AAACCAAAACAACAAGGTGAGGCGGTCATGGCACATCTGACC

CAGTGAGAGCTAAACGCGCTTAATGCGCCTCAATCCATTGCA

AGCCAGCGAGACGGCGTGCCAGCTGCATCACATTAGTCATAG

AGAAGATATGGCTAGGCCAACAGAGATAAAGAACGCATGTAG

AATAATTGGGAAGCGACCGCTTTTGCAATGACCATGCATCTG

CCACCCTAGCGGGGCTTGAGATGGTTTAAATCTTGAGGCTGG

ACTCTAGACACAACCCACCGGAACCGCCGAACCACGCCTTGA

ACATGAAGGTCAGTCCGTTCCAGTAAGCATTCAACTATTACA

AGAGGACAGGGATAATCACCGTACTCAGAGGCGGACAGAACG

CCTGGGGGGGAGAGTATTGGGCGCCAGGACCATTAGATAGCA

ACAGGAACTTCTTTAGTAAAAGAGTCTGCCTCGTTGGGCGCG

TTTAGTTTTTAACCGTCAATAGTGAATTTCAATATACAATTT

GTTTCATCTGTTTAGGTGGCATCAATTCAAGCAATACCAAAA

ATAAAGTATTGAGATGTTTAGTATCATAATCTTTATGGCAAA

AGGTGGCACCGATTAGGTAAATATTGACCAATAATAGAAAAG

TTCAGGCGAGGGGATCAGAAAACGAGAAAAGAAGTCCAAAAT

CGGAAACGCTTGCGGCGGTCAAGCTTGCCATAAAGAAATCAC

GCAACGGCACCAACACACTCATCTTTGATTGTGTCGGAACGA

TATCATAGCTGGCGCGGAAACCAGGCAAGCCTCAGCCCTCAA

TTAAATATTTGCCCAATTTTAAAAGTTTAATAATGGAAGGGG

TAAATCCTGATTGCGCCTGCAACTAAAGTGGTTAGAACCTAC

TGAAAGCAGTGTCTTCGGCTATAAAGCCTCTGTCCCACCGCC

TAAAGAAAAATCCCCAAGCGGTCCACGCGGGAGAAGCCTTTA

CCGGATAAATTGGGTTTTGCTCAGTACCGAGGTTTCCACCCT

TCTTACCGTGAGGAGAATTAAGAATACGGTATTAAAGACGAC

TGAGAGATGAACAAACGTCAAAAATGAAAACAGCCCCACTAT

AATCCTGGAACAAAACTTTACAAACAATTACAAAAGGGAGAA

ATATAGAAACGTGGGCGAATCCTGTTTGGCGAAAAGTCTTTC

GGGCTTAACCGACAGCTGAGAGCCAGCAGGTCAGTGGAGCAC


52

AGCGAGACGGGGAACTGTTCGTCTGGCCTAACCGTAAATCAA

ATCAATGAAAGCCGCGAGAAAGGAAGGGAGCAAGCAAGAACG

CAGAGAGTAATTTGTCCAACGTCAAAGGATGGTGGCCCCAGC

TTTTGCGATTGTTTTTGCACGTAAAACATTACATCTCGCGCA

CAGAGCACTGAAAAGCTATATTTTCATTTACGGTGACATGTT

TTGATGATCTGAGATCAGTATCAAGAGTATTTCAAGAAGGAT

CGCAAGGTAAACGTTGTACCCCGGTTGAAAACAAGCCGGAGA

TGAATAAGAGAAGATCCGGCTTAGGTTGTTTTTCACCGACCG

TACTATGTGAAATACATGGAGTAATGTGGGATTAACCGTTGT

ACAGCTTTAATAATAAGGAACAACTAAAGTTAGCGTAGCATT

CAGCAGCATTACCTAAACAGTACATAAATATCAAAATCATAA

CTAAAGTGAATAGATTTTTCACGTTGAAGGTGAATGACAATG

AAATCAGCGAACCAAAACTCCAACAGGTGGAACGCAGCCAGC

CAGAGCCAATAACAGAAGCGCATTAGACTGGTTTGTTCCGAA

CAATTCCAGGATCCTTTCCCAGTCACGAACGATTGCACCAGA

ACAATAAAAATTATGGATTATACTTCTGGAGTAACCTCGTAT

TAGAGCTGACCCTGGAATTAGCAAAATTTACTAATAAATGGT

AGTAGTATTCATTACGGTGTACAGACCAAGAGCCAAGTACCG

TTGCGAAGATAGCTAGCAATACCGATAGACGCCTGTAACGAT

CATCGTAGCTAGGGCCTAAAGGGAGCCCCCAAATCCCAGCTA

CAATGCCGTTGCTTGTATAACGTGCTTTTCCATCACGCAACT

GTTAAATATTGCTCACTTCAAATATCGCGTCAGAATGGGATA

GGCCAGTGTGGAGGTGACACACCAATGAATAATCATGTAAAG

GCACCGTATTAGCGTGAGTGAGCTAACTTAATGAATTCTTTT

CGAGGCGATCCTGAACGTGAACCATCACCCGATTTCGAAAGG

TTAACGGAGTATTATTATGCGATTTTAAACAACATTAATGCA

CTGAGTTCCATCGCCAGCTTGCTTTCGAAATCTCCTTTCAGC

GGGTAGCGAGAAAGTTTTTAGAACCCTCTATAAGCAAAAGCC

ATCAGGTCAAGCACTGACGGGAAGATTGATATATTAGATTCA

TAAGCAGCCTTATTAAAAGAAACGCAAAAAGACAAATTCATT

CATTTGAGATGACCTCTTCAAGACAGCAGCAGGTCTGAGAGA

GACAATATCAATAATTCCTTATCATTCCGAACCCTGACAATA

CATATCACGGATTCTTTGAATACCAAGTTCGACAAATTATCA

CCACAGAATGAAATATCTTACCGAAGCCCAAACGTAGAAAAA

TCAACAGGTGCCACAAAGGTAAAGTAATAACGCTCTACAAAT

AAGAATAGCAATGGTTTTTTCCATGTTAGGGATCGGAGGGTA

ATCGGCACGTGGACCCAGTTACAAAATAAATAGCATTAACTG

AGTCTCTAACGCCAAACGAACTAACGGAGAACTGGTTCTGAA

AGCAATAAAACGCTCCTACATTTTGACGCGCTACAAGAATCA

GACGGGGGCCCACTATCTTACCAACGCTGTATTCTAAATCAG

GGTCACGAACATTATTTTTTAACCAATACAGGATTTTCGAGC


53

TTTCATCTTGGTGTCCCTGACTATTATAGTTTTAAAGAGAGT

ACGCGCGTGCCTAATTTGCCATCTTTTCAACCATCGCAAGGC

GCCGCCGAGAGCCAATACGAGCCGGAAGATGCCTGAAACGAC

AGGCGAAAGACAGGTAAAAGCTTATCCGAACGAGCACCGTCT

GGTAACGAAACAAACAGAGCCGCCACCATCCCTCACCGCTCA

AAAGGGTTATTTTTTGAGAGTCTGGAGCTAATCAGAAATATT

CCAGTTTTGCGCAAGGGCGATCGGTGCGATAAAAATTTGCCA

TTCAAAGGTCTTTAAGATGGGCGCATCGTTCCTGTCATCAAA

AGATAACAATTATCGTTTACCAGCGCCAGACACCAGCATGAT

GCGCGAGTATTATTGAACGAAGCTAAATTAGCTCATCTGGAA

ACCACCAATTTACACAGAACAATATTACTCACTTGTTATAAT

ATGCTTTTAATAGTTTTACCAGACGACGGGCCTCTTTCGCCA

AAAAGGGTACCGCATATCCCATCCTAATAGAACGCCACCAGC

CCAAAAACATTGCCGAGAGATCTACAAATAGGTAATTAAATG

TTTAGAAATTATTCAGTAACAGTACCTTGAAATAATCAATAT

TAAGACTATAGCCGAATTGAGTTAAGCCGGAAATTAAGGGCG

GGAGTGATTTGTCGCAGTACAAACTACATTGCGCCTTCTTAA

GGTAGAAAATTACCAGAGGCTGAGACTCACTGGTAATGGCTT

TACTAGATAATAGACTCAATCAATATCTGCAAATGAGAGAAT

GAGCGGGGCCACCGGATTAGTAATAACACGCCAGCGTCTGAA

ACGAAGGCTACAGAAAGGCCGCTTTTGCCTTAGCCGAAATCC

CTTGCAGACGGTCACATCGCCTGATAAACCCCCAGTGCCACT

CTGACCTTACCTCAGCCACCAGGAGTGTCTCAAGACTTTAAT

CATTGTGAGATTCATTTAGGAATACCACGTCATACATAAGTT

CCCCCTTAATCAGTCCAGTAGCACCATTGTGGTTTTCGGCCA

AGAAACACAAGGGAGAGGGGCCCTCATAGGATACATACATAA

GCGACCTCACTAAACTAAAACGAAAGAGTCGGAACTCACCCT

CTACCTTAATTTCATAAATTTAATGGTTACATTTAATGTGAG

TTTTTGAAAAACAGTGTTCAGCTAATGCTTACGAGGGTATTA

ACATTCAAACATATACGCAGTATGTTAGCTTTTTAAAGAGCA

CGGAACCCCAGCATTTGAGGCAGGTCAGCGTTGTACAGGTCG

AACAAACAATAAGGGAACGCGAGAAAACGGTTATATAGATTA

GAGGGGGAAACAGTCGACGACAGTATCGAGCGCCATCGCTAT

AGACGCTCCTTGCTAAACAAAATTAATTTGAAATAAATATAT

CAATTTTTTTTAGCTTACCGCGCCCAATAAGAAAGAGAGCTT

CAATAACTCCATATTGAATATAATGCTGCGGTTGTAAAGCCT

AGCGGGCGGAATCAGAACCTCCCGACTTTTTGCACAAGTTTTTTGGGGTCGAGG

GAGGCGAGTATTAGGAAACCACCAGAAGCAATTCAAGAAATTGCGTAGATTTTC

AACACCCGTTGCAGTTATAAATCAAAAGCAAGAGTATATTATTTATCCCAATCC

GATACATGAATTTAGCCTTGAGTAACAGCCTATTACTCATTATACCAGTCAGGA

ACAACAATCGTCACTCTTTCCAGACGTTTCAACAGAAAAAAAAGGCTCCAAAAG


54

AAAGGTGCCACAAGAACAAAGTTACCAGAGAACTGCGGAATAAGTTTATTTTGT

ACCTTTACAGCTCAAATGTGAGCGAGTAACCGTAAGCAAAGCGGATTGCATCAA

AACCAAGACATTCTTTAGTCTTTAATGCAACGAACGCCTGTTTATCAACAATAG

TGTGATAATCAAGATCTGTAAATCGTCGGATAGCTTAACTATATGTAAATGCTG

CATTTTCAGATGAACCCAAATCAACGTAGAAACACTAAGTGCCGTCGAGAGGGT

ATGGATTCACCCGCCAGGAGGCCGATTAAGTGTTTCCTGAGTAGAAGAACTCAA

TACGCCAACCCTCGAAAATGTTTAGACTTGAATCCGAAGATCGCACTCCAGCCA

TATTCACCCAGGGTCCGGGTACCGAGCTTTGTTATGAGCCGCCACCCTCAGAAC

ACATTATTAATTGCAACAGTTGATTCCCATTTCGCAGTAGTAGCATTAACATCC

CACCAGTAAAATCAAGCGACAGAATCAAATTTTCGATTGCGTTGCGCTCACTGC

TAAATTGATAAAAAGCCGGAGACAGTCAATTAATGAGAATCGATGAACGGTAAT

GGCGCAGGGAGTTAGGCTTTGAGGACTATACGTAACGATTATACCAAGCGCGAA

TAACAACAAAAGCCATCGCCATATTTAAAGTAATAAAAAATCTAAAGCATCACC

AGGCAAGGCAAATAATACTTTTGCGGTTTTGCGCGAACGAGTACTCATGAAGGT

CAAGAAAAATAACTCATCGAGAACAAACACGACGATAGCCCTACTCATGAAGGT

CTAAATCGGAACCGCTGGCAAGTGTAGCCGTTTGTTTTGAAGACTCATGAAGGT

AAAATTCATATGACCGTCACCGACTTCGCTAATCCGAGGAAAACTCATGAAGGT

ATTTTTTGTTTAAGTCAGAGGGTAATTCACCGCCGAGATAGGACTCATGAAGGT

GGAGATTTGTATATCATAAGGGAACCTTCGGTCTTTCATGAGACTCATGAAGGT

GCTGGTAATATCTTGGCAGATTCACCTCACGCTTTTAGACAGACTCATGAAGGT

CGGGAAACCTGTGCAACAGCTGATTGCATTTGGTTTAGCGTCACTCATGAAGGT

TCGCAAGACAAACGTTAAATAAGAATAAAGAAGTTAATTTTCACTCATGAAGGT

GTATCGGTTTATCCACGCATAACCGACATGTACGAATTTTCTACTCATGAAGGT

CGCTTCTGGTGCAAAGGGGGATGTGCAGTAAGAGTCCAATACACTCATGAAGGT

AAATATCAAACCTTAGAGCCGTCAATACCGGAAAACATGTAAACTCATGAAGGT

CGGAATAGGTGTGCAAGCCCAATAGGTGACCAATGCTCATTCACTCATGAAGGT

GAAGCCCGAAAGCTTTTGATAAGAGGCGCATTAGTCGGATTCACTCATGAAGGT

CTACGTTAATAAAAAGGAATTACGAGAGAATGGATAAACAGTACTCATGAAGGT

ATGTCAATCATATAATATTTTGTTAAAGCCTTTATCAATATGACTCATGAAGGT

AGCCACCACCCTTAAATCCTCATTAAAGGCGATGTAATCATGACTCATGAAGGT

AGATGAATATACATTTCAATTACCTGAATACATATTATCATCACTCATGAAGGT

(6). Staple sequences for TBP system:

TTGTTCCAGTTTGGAAGAGATAGGAGAGAG

AGAGGCAAAAGAATACACCAACCCAGCATC

CCCAATCCAAATAAGACAGCCATCTTGCGG

CAGTCAAATCACCATCTGAGAAATACTTTT

AACAATTCGACAACTCAGTATTAGCAAATC

ACTTTAATCATTGTGAAGATGGTTGACAAG


55

GTAGATTTAGTTTGACCCAATTCCGGATGG

CAGTTCAGAAAACGAGCCTCAAATAGCGAG

CCATCTTTTCATAATCCCCTTATCCATTAG

GTATTAAGAGGCTGAGATTCTGACTTTTGA

AACAATAGATAAGTCCAACGCGCTTAGGCA

AACAAACGGCGGATTGTCGGATTAAATTCG

CAACATATAAAAGAAAACATACAACAAAGT

TGAAAGCGTAAGAATATAGAACCATGGAAA

TCGCAAGACAAAGAACGCTGATGTAGATTA

TGAGAATAGAAAGGAAAACAGTTAGTACAA

CAAAATCGCGCAGAGGTTTGAATTAAAACA

GTGAAATTGTTATCCGCATAGCTATTAAGT

GGAGAGGTCACATTGAAGCATAAAGTGTTAGAGGATAAAACG

AAAAATCACATAACATTACGAGGCATAGGATAAAATGCCTGA

GAGCCTAAAAAATGACGGGAGAATTAACAACCCACGCTATCT

AGGTTGGTATTTTACATTAAAAATACCGCGCCTGCTGCTGAA

AAAAATCCATAAATGAAGTTTTGCCAGAGTCAGGACCAGACC

ATAAAAGGAATGGCCGACCGTGTGATAATGTTTAGAGGGCTT

CAATAAACATCCTAGTTGATATAAGTATAGAACCGCAAGCCC

AGGGAACTTTGTATTCCAACGTCAAAGGTCCGAAAGGCGAAA

TAAAGAATATAAATCCACGCTGGTTTGCAACGGTGAATCATA

ACGGCCACTTGGGCCGTATAACAACTAAGAGCCTAATGAGTG

AATCCCTCGTGGACCATCGCCTGATAAAGACGGTCTACAGAC

GCCCGAATAATACAATTGAGGAAGGTTATACTTCTAATATAA

CGCAAATATTCCATGCTGAATATAATGCGCCTCAGAGAATTA

GACTTTTTTCTCAAAAGAAGATGGTGGTGCGAAAAAAGTACA

ATCATTTTGAGTAGACTATCGGCCTTGCCTTTGAGTAAACGG

GAGGTTTGCCCTTTAATATCAGAGAGATTGAACACTTTTGTT

GTAATGTAGCTGATATAAAACGAACTAACCACATTAACACTA

TGCGTTAGAAATACTATTAGTCTTTAATTCACACGTTATTTA

AATTCATATCGCGTTAATTCACCGTCACAATAACGCCTTATT

AATCGGCTACCGCGAGCAAATCAGATATTTAACGGACAGTTA

CATTAAACAGCTGGGCCGGAAACCAGGCGATCGCATGGGATA

CAAAAGATCAAAAACTGGCCTTCCTGTATAACCGTGCATCAA

CTTAGAGTCGGTTGTAAATCATACAGGCGCATCAATACATTT

ATTCAGTCAAATCATTGATTATATTTTAGAGGGTATGGGAAG

CATTCAGCGACAGTAGATGGGCGCATCGGCCAGCTCAATAGG

TGCAGATTACGTTAAAATTAATGCCGGAAATGCAAATTTTTA

CAGAAGCAATGTCGAGTTTCTCCAACAGGGGGGTATACTGCG

GCGGGAGCCTCGTTGAGATTTAGGAATACGGAACATATTCAA

CGTAATCTAATAAAAACAATGCAACTAATACTCAGAACCGCC


56

TACCTACAATCGCCTACTAGAAAAAGCCATAAGGCCAGACAA

GTAAAATCCCCAGCGTGAGGCCACCGAGTTAGTAAATCCAGA

TTTTAAGACGAGTATACCCAAATCAACGACAGGAATGTCAAT

CCCTAAAGAGAGCCGAAAAATCTAAAGCTATCAAACCGGCTT

GGAACGATACCGCCCAATACTTCTTTGATAAAAGACACTCAT

GCCTTGATATAGCACCCAAAAGTAATTCAGAAACCCGGATAA

CAGAACCCGAGAGGATTTACGAGCATGTTGTCCAGGTACCGA

ATCCTGTTCCTTTGACCAAATGAGGAAGCGAAACAACCGTCT

GAATCGTAGGTCTTATTGCATCAAAAAGAAGCGAATTAGAGA

GTGAATTATGGTTTTTGTCACAATCAATTAAGACTGAATACC

CCACGCTACATCGCGTTAATTTCATCTTTTAACCTATCATAG

TGATACAAAGAACGAAGCAAGCCGTTTTGAACGGGAAGAGAA

AGCTAACCGGTTTGGCCAGGGTGGTTTTGACGTTGTCCCCGG

CAAAAGGGTGCCACTCAGAAACAGTGCCTACCAGGAATCAAT

TATTTTTGGACATTCGCTCAATCGTCTGCAACAGTTATCATA

AGACGCTTATCAAAGTCAGTATTAACACAACGAACAACTTTT

CCGTTCTGTAGGTATATTTCAACGCAAGTAAGAGCCAACTAA

GAATATAACAATTTCTTACCAACGCTAATACAGAGAGAATCA

GGTCACGATGTGAGTAAATCAGCTCATTCGGGCCTCATTCGC

GAGTTAAGCATTAGAAAATAGCAGCCTTCGAGCGTTTTTGCA

TAACGTCATTTGCCTTAAATCAAGATTAAGCAATAAAGAATT

AACAGTTTTAGAACATCAGATGATGGCACCACCAGATCCTTT

GGGAAGCGCCCAATAGAAACAATGAAATGTTGCTACTTTCCA

ACGCAGTGTTTATTACCAGCGCCAAAGAATTATTCAGCCATT

TCAAATAGTTATATGTCAATAGTGAATTATCACCTAACAGTG

ATGCCCCGATTAGCCCTTATCATTCCAATATTTTCTTATCCG

ACTTGCCATAATCAGATTATACCAAGCGTTTCCATGACTAAA

GGAATAAATGTTAGCGAGGAAACGCAATCGACTTGATTAAAG

GAACCCTGAAAGGAGCCAAATAAGGCTTAGGACGTGCTATTT

GCAAAATGGGGCGCAACCTGTTTAGCTAAGTACGGCAACATG

GTACCGACGAGCCGAATTGCGTTGCGCTCGGCCAAACCAGTG

AACATCAGCTGAATTATCCTTCTGTAAAGTTTAACCATCGGG

GAGCCTTCGCATAACGGTCGCTGAGGCTAGCCCTCGAATTTT

CATATGTATCTACATCATTATACCAGTCGCCCTGAGCTGCTC

TCGCCCATAATTGTTTTCACGTTGAAAAAGTAAATATAGTTA

CAACATAGCTCGAAGTTTTCCCAGTCACTCTTTTCCGCGCGG

CAATAGACGTTATTGCGGAACAAAGAAAATTCATCGAATAAT

ACGGAGACGAACTGAAAGAGGACAGATGCCCAGCATCGGCAA

TCCTGATTCATTTTAATTTTAAAAGTTTTAGATTATATCTTT

CATTGGCAGCCAGTTCTTAACTACCTTTCTGACCTCTGATAG

TTGAGAGACCCCGGGAAAAGCCCCAAAATAACAAACGAGAAA


57

ACTACAATTTGCGGATAGTTGCGCCGACTTGCTTTAGGAATT

GAATCATTGTCTTTGGGGTTTTGCTCAGCGTATAAGGTCAGT

TAACCTTAGAAAACAAAGAAGATGATGACCTTTTAGTCAGAT

AACCGGAATATTTAACGGTAATCGTAAAATTGCCTTATGCGA

ATGGTTTTACAAATATAAAGCCAACGCTAAATGGAACCAGTA

CCCAGCTCAGAGCAAATAAGTAACAGTAAAAACATAAAAACA

TACCAGATAGAGCCAAATATTGACGGAACAAAAGGACACCAC

CAATTACATAACGGGCGTAGATTTTCAGTCGTCGCGAGTGAA

ACCCTCAATTCACATCCTCATTAAAGCCATCGATAGTAGCGC

GTTTTCAACCACCGCACCCTCAGAGCCGGGTCAGAAAAGCGC

CTGTATGATAATTTATCGGTTTATCAGCAATGACAAGTTAAA

GAAATAACCCTTAGAGTACATAAATCAATTAACAATTCATTT

AACATTATGCATGCGCTTGTTTGGATTATCTAAAAGAGCCGT

AATGTTTGATCTAATCTTTCCAGACGTTTCTCCAAAAAAAGT

CTTTGACACGTAATAACGGCTACAGAGGTGGTAATTAACATC

AGGCTTTTAATTGCTAATTCGAGCTTCAATTAAGAATAAATC

AGGAGCAGTGCCAACTGCAGGTCGACTCAAAGCCTGGGGTGT

GCGAATAGGATTTTAGCATTCCACAGACTGCAGGGACAACCA

GCGTAACAGATATTCCGATACTGGATAGTAAGGCTCCAAAAG

TTGCAGCATAGGCTCGGAACGAGGCGCATTGTGTCCCACTAT

GAGGCATACCCATGGTACCGCCACCCTCAGCCCGGGAAAAAT

TTTTAAAAGTAGCGGTTTGCCTTTAGCGAGAGCCGCCACCTT

CAGAGCCTCGGCATTCACCAATGAAACCAGAATGGCGATTGG

CCTTGATGAGCCACGAACCGCCTCCCTCTCAGACTGCAGCAC

AAGTTTCGGTCAATGAGCTGAAAAGGTGAAGGCAAAGCATAA

GGATTAGCTGCCTAACTGGTAATAAGTTAGAAGGCATCGTAG

GGGACGAGCTGCGCAAGGGCGATCGGTGTTTTAACTTCATCA

AACGCCAACTTGGGAACTGTGGCATGATAGTGCCAGTTTGAG

CACCAGAAACTGGCAAGGCTATCAGGTCACTAGCAGATTGTA

GTCTGAGAGCAAATAGCAGATTCACCAGGCGCGAAAAATTTA

GGAAGCAAAAGCGGTACCCTGACTATTACGTCCAAATAGTAA

TTCATTTTAATCAAACAGAAGCAATAAATGTAGCTTGTCTGG

GTGCCGTGCCACCCCACCCTCATTTTCAATATAAAACGACGA

ACATTAATTGGTGTATCGGCCTCAGGAAAAAGCGCCTTCGCT

CAAGGCCGAATTTAAGGAGGTTGAGGCACCACCAGCCGGAAC

AATATCCCAACATGCCAGTAATAAGAGAGGGATAGCCACCCT

AGAAACACTGAGCAAAAATTAATTACATTATATGTTATTAAT

TGGGTAACAACAGCCTGCATTAATGAATCACTGCCTTCCACA

CCTCAAAGAGAAGAAACTATATGTAAATGCGAGAACACCAGCAGAAGATAAAAC

TCATAACAAGCCTTAAGATTCAAAAGGGAATATGAACATTATTACAGGTAGAAA

AGCTAAACTTAATTATAACAGTTGATTCCATTAGATTCTACTAATAGTAGTAGC


58

AATAGGATTTCGAGTTCAGCTAATGCAGTGAACAAAATAGGTGTATCACCGTAC

GGAAGGGGAAAGGATTTGAGGATTTAGAGTATTAAAAGGAGCGGAATTATCATC

TACCGAATGAAGCCAGTTACAAAATAAAAACGATTCCTGAACAAAGTCAGAGGG

GTACCTTTGCAAAAATTCATTGAATCCCAATGACCGGAAGCCCGAAAGACTTCA

TAAGCAATATTCATGTAAATTGGGCTTGATTACCTGAGAGTCTGGAGCAAACAA

CAGGCGCAAGCGGTCAAAAGAATAGCCCCAAGAGTGAAATCCGCGACCTGCTCC

AGACGGGCGCCAGGTTCGTAATCATGGTCTCACAACGCTTTCCAGTCGGGAAAC

GGCCGCTCGCCTGTGCTAAACAACTTTCCAACTAACGAGGTGAATTTCTTAAAC

AGTCTCTGGAAACGTTTCGGTCATAGCCAAAATCAAACCACCACCAGAGCCGCC

AATTGAGATTTTGACTGGCCAACAGAGACGTGGCAGTTAAATAAGAATAAACAC

GTATTCTGGAGTGTTTTCGGAACCTATTACTCCTCTATTAAACCAAGTACCGCA

TGGGAATAGGAAACCAAACGTAGAAAATCGCAAAGGCGACATTCAACCGATTGA

ACAATATGGGTAGCGCCACTACGAAGGCACTAAAAGTCTGTCCATCACGCAAAT

ATTACGCTTTTTGTCGAGTAACAACCCGACCGTAACTCCAGCCAGCTTTCCGGC

TAATTTTAGAAATTATTCGCCTGATTGCCGAATTATTTCATTTGAATTACCTTT

TAACCGTTGTAGAGCCATTGCAACAGCGAAAGATAAAACGAATTATGAAGGT

TTTAATGGAAACAATCCTTGAAAACATTGCACGACCAAGTTATTATGAAGGT

CTGTCGTGCCAGTGATTGCCCTTCACCAAGGCGGTTTCCTGTTTATGAAGGT

AGCTTGATACCGGATCGTCACCCTCACGTCACCTCAGCGGAGTTATGAAGGT

GATTCATCAGTTTACCAGACGACGATCCTGTAAGGCCGGAGATTATGAAGGT

CGGAATCATAATATATTTAACAACGCAACGCTCCTTCTGACCTTATGAAGGT

GCCAGCATTGACCCGTTCCAGTAAGCACCATTATAGCGTTTGTTATGAAGGT

ATGTTACTTAGCGGCTGACCTTCATCTGGCCCTGGTTGAGTGTTATGAAGGT

TAATTGAGCGCTTTAAGAAAAGTAAGCTCCCGAATTATTTATTTATGAAGGT

TCAGGAGGTTTATACCGTAACACTGAATGTAATCTGTTTATCTTATGAAGGT

CTCATCGAGAACCGAGGCGTTTTAGCTACATGGAACATGAAATTATGAAGGT

GAGAATCGATGAAATTGTAAACGTTAGTAATCTTTAATTTCATTATGAAGGT

ATATTCCTGATTCTACCATATCAAAATCAGTTGGACTTTACATTATGAAGGT

ATTAACATCCAATACCAAAAACATTAATTTTTGTGCGAACGATTATGAAGGT

AATATCGCGTTTTCCTTTTGATAAGAACCAAAATGCTTTAAATTATGAAGGT

ACCGCTTCTGGTCGAAAGGGGGATGTTTTGTTACTCCGTGGGTTATGAAGGT

GGGAGGGAAGGTAGCAAAATCACCAGTAGCCGATAAAGGTGGTTATGAAGGT

AGAGGTGAGGCGCCCTCAATCAATATGATAGCTCAAATCCAATTATGAAGGT


59

Reference

1 van Anders, G., Ahmed, N. K., Smith, R., Engel, M. & Glotzer, S. C. Entropically

patchy particles: engineering valence through shape entropy. ACS Nano 8, 931-

940 (2014).

2 Yugang Zhang, Suchetan Pal, Babji Srinivasan, Thi Vo, Sanat Kumar & Oleg

Gang. Selective transformations between nanoparticle superlattices via the

reprogramming of DNA-mediated interactions. Nat. Mater. 14, 840-847 (2015).

3 Zhang, Y., Lu, F., Lelie, D. v. d. & Gang, O. Continuous Phase Transformation in

Nanocube Assemblies. Phy. Rev. Lett. 107, 135701 (2011).

4 Chi, C., Vargas-Lara, F., Tkachenko, A. V., Starr, F. W. & Gang, O. Internal

structure of nanoparticle dimers linked by DNA. ACS Nano 6, 6793-7802 (2012).

5 Kaya, H. Scattering from cylinders with globular end-caps. J. Appl. Crystallogr.

37, 223-230 (2004).


Documents

Lattice engineering through nanoparticle–DNA … · of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. Supplementary Information Lattice