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Latest Trends in Urban Modal Split
in Warsaw
Dr Jacek MalasekIBDiM – Road and Bridge Research Institute
COST 355
Torino, 3 October 2007
Modal split in Warsaw
% / Year 1980 1987 1993 1998 2005
On foot 28.0% 33.0 30.1 20.5 21.0
Car 13.0 14.0 20.4 26.2 22.6
Mass transit
59.0 53.0 48.7 52.5 54.6
Households description
1993 1998 2005
Household size
- all members 2.59 2.50 2.39- over 6 years old 2.38 2.37 2.29No. of cars 0.52 0.58 0.56No. of trips 6.20 5.34 4.45
Cars in households
1993 1998 2005
0 53.7% 50.0 51.5
1 car 41.2 42.6 41.3
2 cars 4.7 6.6 6.4
3 or more 0.4 0.8 0.8
Trip purpose structure
Motivation 1993 1998 2005
Home 43.4% 44.0 46.0Work 15.5 18.9 19.4School 7.4 8.2 8.3Shopping 17.7 15.3 13.9Recreation 8.3 7.2 6.3Business 3.6 3.6 3.5Giving a lift 2.2 2.2 2.4Other 1.9 0.6 0.3In total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Modal split in Warsaw -workday vs. Saturday-
Workday Saturday
On foot 21.0% 19.4
Bicycle 0.9 1.7
Car 23.4 33.2
Mass transit 54.2 45.0
Modal split in Warsaw and suburbs in 2005
Warsaw Suburbs
On foot 21.0% 27.7
Bicycle 0.9 4.8
Car 22.6 33.0
Mass transit 54.6 30.6
Warsaw and suburbs characteristics
1. Household sizeHousehold size Warsaw Suburb
1 person 28.0% 16.9
2 31.5 23.7
3 21.1 22.4
4 13.9 19.9
5 or more 5.5 17.1
2. Type of vehicle
Type of vehicle per household
Warsaw Suburb
Private 0.51 0.67
Company 0.05 0.05
Truck 0.01 0.01
Other 0.002 0.20
In TOTAL 0.57 0.73
3. Number of cars
Number of cars Warsaw Suburb
0 51.5% 42.7
1 car 41.3 44.2
2 cars 6.4 10.4
3 or more 0.8 2.7
4. Car use
Car use – km/year Warsaw Suburb
< 10 000 14.2 18.9
10 001 – 20 000 62.2% 56.4
20 001 – 40 000 17.1 17.4
> 40 000 6.5 7.2
On AVERAGE 18 500 km 19 600
5. Employment structure
Employment structure Warsaw Suburb
Pupil 13.3% 15.1
Student 7.3 4.5
Employed 41.5 40.0
Employed at home 1.1 0.7
Self-employed 4.4 5.4
Retired 24.5 21.6
Unemployed 5.7 7.6
Other 2.2 5.1
6. Mass transit season tickets
Season tickets Warsaw Suburb
Yes 44.6% 17.6
No 55.4 82.4
Mass transit modes in Warsaw
% of non-pedestrian trips / Year
1993 1998 2005
City bus 43.2 35.3 35.7Other buses 0.1 0.1 0.3Tram 16.1 15.7 14.8Bus+tram 9.6 8.5 8.8Metro 2.2 3.4
Metro+bus 2.3 3.4
Metro+tram 1.6 1.9
Train 0.3 0.1 0.0MT+car 0.2 0.3 0.1
Mass transit modes – Warsaw vs. suburb
% of non-pedestrian trips Warsaw Suburb
City bus 35.7 2.6Other buses 0.3 10.0Tram 14.8 0.4Bus+tram 8.8 0.4Metro 3.4 0.0Metro+bus 3.4 0.2Metro+tram 1.9 0.1Train 0.0 4.7MT+car 0.1 0.7
Mobility – trips/day
Motivation 1993 1998 2005
Home 1.12 1.00 0.87
Work 0.39 0.42 0.36
School 0.20 0.19 0.16
Shopping 0.47 0.36 0.26
Entertainment 0.21 0.15 0.11
Business 0.10 0.09 0.07
To give a lift 0.06 0.05 0.05
Other 0.05 0.02 0.01
Travels on workday
Motivation By car By MT By bicycle
Home 44.5% 46.0 47.8
Work 25.6 21.8 23.9
School 1.7 5.2 4.3
University 0.6 3.6 2.2
Shopping 7.3 8.4 2.2
To hypermarket 4.9 3.3 2.2
Entertainment 0.8 2.6 10.9
Social events 4.0 5.0 2.2
Business 6.0 2.8 0.0
Giving a lift 4.2 1.1 4.3
Other 0.4 0.2 0.0
In total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Travels on Saturday
Motivation By car By MT By bicycle
Home 44.6% 46.0 46.2
Work 4.9 7.2 4.5
School 0.8 1.1 0.0
University 0.8 1.7 0.0
Shopping 9.7 12.5 3.0
To hypermarket 11.0 8.2 1.5
Entertainment 13.0 8.0 35.8
Social events 11.1 13.5 6.0
Business 1.5 0.8 1.5
Giving a lift 2.6 0.4 1.5
Other 0.0 0.6 0.0
In total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Travel time by purpose
Motivations 1993 1998 2005
All 32’ 34 36Home 34 36 39Work 34 35 38School 25 28 25University 39
Travel time by mode
Travel mode 1993 1998 2005
On foot 17’ 16 17
Car 23 29 32
Taxi 22 24 29
Mass transit 45 43 44
Bicycle 25 17 24
Opinions (1-5) on bicycle infrastructure
Warsaw Suburb
Parking facilities 1.90 2.00Routes density 2.59 2.03Traffic safety 2.68 2.31Marking 3.24 2.58State-of-repair 3.38 2.60
Opinions (1-5) on pedestrian facilities
Warsaw Suburb
State-of- repair 2.53 2.64
Lack of obstacles 2.77 3.05
Traffic safety 3.10 2.89
Access to MT stops 3.34 3.19
Acceptance on MT priority
No car 1 car 2 or more
1993 70.2 58.6 58.8
1998 72.1 61.3 61.8
2005 82.7 80.6 74.5
Opinions (1-5) on MT
Warsaw Suburb
Travel comfort 2.69 2.80
Ticket price 2.72 2.74
Personal safety 2.89 2.95
Stop facilities 2.98 2.72
Clines 2.99 2.94
Vehicles 3.08 2.97
Direct travel 3.09 3.05
Travel time 3.10 2.96
Travel information 3.11 2.81
Waiting time 3.12 3.07
Frequency 3.16 3.06
Punctuality 3.36 3.37
Unfailing 3.37 3.35
Driver kindness 3.38 3.47
Importance of MT modernization
Warsaw Suburb
Metro development 82.1% 78.6Bus traffic lines 47.1 35.3New tram routes 41.4 30.4Tram routes
modernization32.9 31.0
MT priority in traffic 30.5 17.6Car restrictions 26.6 25.1P+R 20.0 22.6Commuter trains
moder.19.1 59.2
Opinions on parking pricing
No car 1 car 2 or more
Good 17.3 24.5 20.6
Poor 21.9 40.3 51.4
Don’t know 60.8 35.2 28.0
Acceptance on PP development
No car 1 car 2 or more
1993 55.3 37.5 34.0
1998 55.3 47.2 47.0
2005 19.4 17.0 17.3
Modal split in Poznań
Car Mass transit On foot/bicycle
1987 16% 51 311997 48 37 152000 53 37 10- in central
area47.2 40.2 13.6
- in CBD 44.4 43.3 12.3
Cities comparison
Car Mass transit On foot/bicycle
Kraków 1994 22% 48 30Łódź 1995 23 55 24
Poznań 1997 48 37 15Katowice
199829 33 38
Warsaw 1998 26 53 21
