Last time:

The concept of culture at several levelsThe concept of nation

An imagined community repetera tre paradoxer – definitionen:This is Swden

Film screening: This is Sweden

• Full of predictable pictures, scenes, gallery of personalities.

• Landscapes• Traditional folk-art, music and clothing• Technique, science, industry• High culture• Popular culture• Not serious people, active, snow and moose

• How are imagined communities created and how do they survive over time and space?

• How is the social and geopolitical space of the nation turned into a cultural room where people share experiences and references?

How Sweden became swedish

1. We will look at the period of modern nationalism -1800 –

The making of states – heritage from French revolution - new organisation of society –

Assamblé national – people representation - parlementarism – election

1809 (regeringsformen) Instrument of the government. Power divided – government, Riksdag and high court

• An interest in creating loyalty and assimilation – cohesion among the citizens –

• Rich and poor, different stratas, unite despite heritage, family,property as citizens equal rights and duties.

• An political interest in making the borders of the political state and the cultural nation match.

• Create possibilities for imagined community.

• 2. A break social and economically• Industrialization – new technique for

communication and consumtion.

Changing labor market, access to property new social classes – bourgeoisie and working class

And for Scandinavia

• Finland lost 1809• Norway in union 1815-1905• Denmark 1658

• Borders where settled

3. These aspects of modern nationalism during 19th and 20th century

• Nation state building and industrialization – the cause for nation building.

• A) An active process – rhetoric and politic ”defining things as national”

In the early 19th century: National gallery, national bank, national mentality, national park, national cuisine, national army etc.

… military service, compulsory school , state church

• B) An inherent, hidden process taking place in everyday practice – things we do as members of a nation- lots of things prescribes our daily life – labour market, education system, family insurance public service, train communication etc.

• The nation building a paradox

• International standards - a make-it-yourself –kit

• We ”the nations” do it the same way to create difference.

• A conservative nationalism during the 19th century

• The great period of national heroes, monuments – the Swedish kings Gustav II Adolf.

• Patriotic subjects conserving the old traditional divisions of property, power, influence the superior and the subordinate

On thing was the creation of a national monument

• The monument Greece and the ancient history – the cradle of democracy – impact aesthetically.

• 1820(1821) independent from Ottoman empire 1828 Monarchy

Another part during 19th century• Liberal nationalism – conscious citizens• A fight about power and influence

• A growing bourgoisie – a ”quiet” nationalism beyond class barriers.

• The cult of the nature.

• Finding the national landscape – the mountains and the silence and Norden in the national Anthem

• Jfr Rousseu – liberal ideas of the effect of the alps – open mind, air, sky

Dalecarlia

• The region Dalecarlia – the geniune Swedishness – in folklore and also the nature.

• Rättviksdräkt – intellectuals and Bourgoisie from Stockholm spent hollidays in Dalecarlia, dressed in folkclothing

• National romanticism Carl Larsson/Anders Zorn/ Arthur Hazelius

• Painters, writers etc praising the landscape and nature – pilgrimage

• Stereotyping

• Access to nature – the peasants (like an extra in a film) the working class not morally ready for understanding the sublimit of nature.

The international competition

• World Exhibition in London 1851

• Technique, future – but it was the traditional folklore that was appreciated and won golden medals

• The unique nature of Scandinavia – a concept

• Around 1900 – nationalism an arena of conflict in values between conservatives and liberals.

• Liberal ideas stronger – ”quiet” nationalism based in the idea of the genuine ”people” and the nature. The moral impact of mountains – the liberated, self-confident peasant.

• Kleens competition – secretary of a legation placed in southern France

• The sleeping mother Svea

• Placed in the entrance hall of the parliament as an obstacle for people coming in or out.

• The lack of patriotism – critique against an old unequal society – migration -

• Willhelm Moberg

• August Strindberg

• Ellen Key

• Instead 9 national parks – love for nature beyond class struggles

The growing working class a threat

• Social democrats where internationalists

• Only one native country: Socialism• Only one war of glory: The class struggle• Only one flag: Internationalen

• Modernisation – get rid of the old build up a new society

• not celebrating despotism and kings

• Ideological movements• Anti alcoholism• Women's liberation• Working class movement• Independent churches• Ung socialists – against war

Modernity

• Equal rights and duties

• Access to place and competences not bound by social heritage - liberation

Interwar time

• The idea of a welfare state• Taxes and resources – distribution policy

• Universal suffrage

• Equity

• 1931 The Social Democrat Party becomes the leading party –

• Create a new modern society – ”Sweden for all Swedes”

• Within politics ideas of better standard for living, avoid over crowded homes

• Per Albin Hansson ” beloved monarch” leader of the social democrat party

• 1932 - 46

• Political vision – create the modern rational man – not stucked in old unfair society looking forwards

• ”Folkhemmet” ”Peoples home” ”Citizens home”

• Social justice, democracy, citizenship and modernity find new heroes in history

• The national flag day 6 of june (Gustav Wasa) parlamenatrism

• Engelbrekt the first Riksdag 1435 - 1935

• August Andrée Engineer, scientist, explorer the north pole expedition in ballon

• Functionalism

• 1810 Albert Loos

• Ornament und Verbrechen

• The design should reveal the function

• The Stockholm Exhibition 1930

• New lifestyle – functionalist in every sense – planning kitchens wardrobe's etc.

• standardization

• The ”sitting room” use all areas of the house

• No classes, conformism and Average Svensson• Equality – conformity • Admiration international because of the sameness – can´t tell if the home is rich

or poor – same aesthetic style

• Still strong – antiques old furniture does not sell in Sweden.