Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 1

2006 Magurele

Laseri de mare putere si laseri cu raze X la FAIR

D. Ursescu, Thomas Kühl, C. Bischoff, D. Zimmer, V. Bagnoud, D. Javorkova, O. Rosmej, GSI, GermanyK. Cassou, S. Kazamias, A. Klisnick, D. Ros, Universite Paris Sud / LIXAM

B. Zielbauer, K. Janulewicz, P. Nickles, MBI, GermanyJ. Dunn, P. Neumayer, LLNL, USA

G. Pert, York University, UK

T. Stoehlker, GSI, DarmstadtD. Schneider, J. McDonald, LBLN

R. Schuch , U. Stockholm, Sweden

M. Tomaselli, TU Darmstadt, GermanyS. Fritzsche, U. Kassel, Germany

si echipa PHELIX

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 2

2006 Magurele

Cuprins

• Context: laseri la FAIR

• Motivatie pentru dezvoltarea de XRL la GSI

• Rezultate experimentale XRL

• Tendinte actuale: plasma shaping

• Proiecte: Spre lungimi de unda mai scurte

• Experimente cu EBIT

• Progres in calculele teoretice

• Concluzie

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 3

2006 Magurele

Context: laseri la FAIR

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 4

2006 Magurele

FAIR, the International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

GSI actual

future

GSI

SIS-100/300

SIS-18

Stored Particle Atomic Physics Collaboration

Radiative Properties of Warm Dense Matter

High Energy Density Matter Generated by Heavy Ion Beams

Ions in ultra-high fields, X-ray spectroscopy of radioactive nuclei

Equation of State Laboratory Astro-science

Thompson Scattering Spectroscopy

PHELIXWDM

SPARC

heavy ions: ~80kJ in 70 ns

Context

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2006 Magurele

Motivatie pentru XRL (x-ray lasers)

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 6

2006 Magurele

Lithium-like Ions: very precise calculations

100

200

300

50 60 70 80 90

nuclear charge Z

tran

sitio

n en

ergy

/eV

4

6

8

10

wav

elen

gth

/nm

2S1/2 – 2P1/2

2s

2p

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 7

2006 Magurele

Tuning via Doppler-shift

• wavelength tuning by fine variation of velocity

ββλλ

+−′=

11c

v=β λ

• Excitation probability sufficient due to

interaction length

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 8

2006 Magurele

XRL la PHELIX

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 9

2006 Magurele

PHELIX laser building

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 10

2006 Magurele

Generation of gain by collisional excitation in Ni-like systems

Ni-like fundamental level3d10

3d94d

3d94p

Co-like fundamental level

fast radiativedecay

lasingtransition

electroncollisionalexcitation

Y.V. Afanas‘ev and V.N. Shlyaptsev, Sov. J. Quant. El. 19, 1606 (1989)P.V. Nickles et al., PRL 78, 2748 (1997)

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2006 Magurele

Experimental set-up

KeV sensitive pinhole camera Zr target

Microscope

Cross-slit camerafor visible range

Grating

Slit

Spec

trog

raph

XUV CCD

Spherical mirror

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 12

2006 Magurele

Direct measurement of 2D effects on the plasma temperature

Experiments at LULI in Paris:Ag XRL beam profile

GRIP Zr XRL: keV emission

Inte

nsity

Main pulse

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 13

2006 Magurele

Gain saturation is easily reached

72° incidence angle

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 14

2006 Magurele

Lateral view of KeV plasma emission, magnification 8-27

Mo XRL in LLC, Sweden

S. Kazamias, K.Cassou, D. Ros, F. Plé, G. Jamelot, A. Klisnick, O. Lundh, F. Lindau, A. Persson, C. G. Wahlström,S. de Rossi, D. Joyeux, B. Zielbauer, D. Ursescu, T. Kühl; A 10 Hz, 3 µJ transient X-ray laser pumped in grazing incidence geometry; Accepted in Optics Letters (2006)

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 15

2006 Magurele

Tendinte actuale: plasma shaping- pulsuri multiple- controlul depozitiei de energie in plasma(IB)- controlul unghiului sub care pulsurile lovesc tinta- controlul depozitiei de energie de-a lungul liniei focale- controlul proprietatilor tintei (densitate, forma...)

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 16

2006 Magurele

Modeling main pulse absorption in plasma at different incidence angles

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 17

2006 Magurele

Local XRL signal definition

)1( −⋅= gl

c

el enns

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 18

2006 Magurele

Main-pulse 2 J, 45o incidence (pre-pulse 4 J) EHYBRID simulation starting at the begin of the main-pulse

MP incidence angle effects for Ag TCE XRL (2)

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2006 Magurele

Electron density distribution dynamics

PP=60°MP=0°

PP=0°MP=0°

PP=60°MP=60°

PP=0°MP=60°

Electron density normalized to critical electron densityfor different pre-pulse and main pulse angles

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2006 Magurele

Proiecte: Spre lungimi de unda mai scurte

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2006 Magurele

1992: First (and only) Water Window XRL Microscopy Experiment

Figure 67. (a) Schematic diagram of the x-ray microscope showing its main components. MCPstands for micro channel plate. (b) X-ray microscope images of rat sperm nuclei (a) with no goldlabelling, (b) strained with antiprotamine 1 and gold-labelled, and (c) strained with antiprotamine2 and gold-labelled (Da Silva L B et al., 1992 Science 258 269)

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2006 Magurele

Energy for pumping XRL

Sm

W

QSS

TCE

GRIP

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2006 Magurele

Experimente cu EBIT

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 24

2006 Magurele

Set-Up for the Interaction of Ultra-Intense Laser Fields with Confined Charged Particle Plasmas at PHELIXGSI, Stockholm, Livermore (LLNL), Berlin (MBI), Mainz, Würzburg

Schematics of the interaction region

Set-Up in the PHELIX Lab

off-axis paraboloid

REBIT

Compact REBIT ("Refrigerator" electron beam ion trap) integrated at the PHELIX X-Ray Laser Lab

Diagnostics:pump probe experiments (UV emission)x-ray emission (Si and Ge detectors)ionization dynamics (MCP)

Preliminary hints:- trap loading was observed in the presence laser pulses 1012->14 W/cm2

- yield of laser produced ions in the presence of electron beam is significantly higher- long decay times for the ions produced in the ion trap observed in pump probe experiments

Aims:-ionization in laser fields-re-collision processes (further ionization,harmonics generation) -e- acceleration with non-adiabatic assumption-Coulomb explosion

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2006 Magurele

Progres in calculele teoretice

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 26

2006 Magurele

Cluster model based on Dynamic Correlation Model (DCM)

000],[1

11

11∏∏∏

+

=

+

=

+

=

+ +∝N

ii

N

ii

N

ii aaaaH

000],[2

1'

2

1'

1

11

1

11 ∏ ∏∏∏

+

= =

++

=

++

=

+ +∝N

ii

ii

N

ii

N

ii aaaaaaH

......

01

∏=

+∝ΨN

iiN a

...000...2

1

2

1''

1

11

12,21,1 ∏ ∏∏∏

+

= =

++

=

+

=

+++ ++∝+Ψ+Ψ+Ψ∝Ψ

N

i iii

N

ii

N

iiNNNtot aaaaa

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 27

2006 Magurele

Correlated Relativistic Electron Clusters

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2006 Magurele

Cluster Factorization Theory

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 29

2006 Magurele

Example of calculation

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 30

2006 Magurele

Symbolic packages under development

• Racah – S. Fritzsche et al.– 3j-6j-9j- coefficients, parentage coefficients, etc.

• Dirac – S. Fritzsche et al.– Solutions for Dirac equation with point nucleus

• Fermi – D. Ursescu et al.– Moshinski brackets, Talmi intergrals

Development environment: Maple

Available from Comp. Phys. Comm. programs databaseor from the authors

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2006 Magurele

Concluzii

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2006 Magurele

Concluzii

• GSI e un loc minunat (...sau va fi)• Tehnicile de plasma shaping

– sunt in stadiu incipient– sunt legate de dezvoltarea unor tehnici de modulare si control al

pulsurilor laser• Pentru obtinerea unor laseri cu raze X cu lungimi de unda

scurte este inca necesara multa munca experimentala si de modelare

• Experimentele cu EBIT sunt un prim pas spre SPARC• DCM e un model general aplicabil la electroni si nucleoni

pentru care metode computationale simbolice sunt de dorit

Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy-Ion Experiments 33

2006 Magurele

Ni-Like Silver Laser at GSI

spectrograph picture

Ag XRL: 13.9 nm lasing line45° MP incidence angle