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H. AzechiDirectorInstitute of Laser EngineeringOsaka University
Fusion Power AssociatesWashington DC2009.12.2-3
ILE OSAKA
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Laser Fusion in Japan:Combat with global warming
Haunting face crying a river of tears as glacier melts into the seaPhoto By Michael Norman
ILE OSAKA
Why Fusion?
•We need large size electric power plants without warming gas emission.
• The only solution at present is atomic power.
• But, nuclear waist problems (long life safety,
proliferation etc.) requires other power plants which emit non-warming gas and negligibly small amount of
nuclear waist.
• Fusion energy is the ultimate large energy source.
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ILE OSAKA
Why Inertial Fusion
• After 50 years from the innovation of lasers, the community is ready to ignite a fusion fuel: the first
controlled fusion ignition in humankind.
•Once the ignition is achieved, the energy gain is increased simply by increasing the size of the core.
The burning proceeds no matter what the fuel size is.
• Physics of reactor core plasma will be completely explored and established in this phase. This is why
ignition and burn is so important.
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ILE OSAKA
Why Fast Ignition?
• Since the fuel contains no central hot spark, the Fast Ignition can ignite with 1/10 of laser energy that is
necessary for conventional central ignition.
• This compactness strongly accelerates Inertial Fusion Energy development.
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ILE OSAKA
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Implosion Fast heating Ignition/Burn
•Proof-of-concept: Scalable to 600 times liquid density Demo of 1 keV temp. by 0.5kJ/0.5ps.
•FIREX-I: Demo of 5-10 keV temperature by 10kJ/10ps. •FIREX-II: Demo of significant burn
ILE OSAKA
Fast Ignition Realization Experiment (FIREX) Program for Inertial Fusion Energy
LFEX:10-kJ Short Pulse Laser
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Stretch
Amp
CompressionChirp Pulse Amp. • Large grating
Time
92 cm
575 nm
World Largest and Finest Grating
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91 cm
42 cm
Tiled Grating
First integrated FI experiment has just started.
First plasma on June 26th, ‘09
M3M6
M5 M4
Diamond compressor
Shadow of cone
Initial Shell
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X-ray image from cone side(Time integrated)
X-ray streak image(Time resolved)
Time (ns)
Space
500mm
Heating beam (LFEX) injection Heating time determination
FIREX-I Integrated Experiment
Emission by Heating Laser
Emission by implosion
ILE OSAKA
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Neutron yield increases with heating laser injection
Strong pulse width dependence was found.It seems 5-keV heating is plausible.
Experiments by Oct 6, 2009
Pulse width =5 ps
1.2 ps
0.5 ps
0.1
1
10
10 100 1000 10 4
データ 091111(50,0.1)
イオン温度(keV)
追加熱レーザーエネルギー(J)
5 ps
1.2 ps
0.5 ps
Deduced ion temperature
Heating Laser Energy (J)Io
n Te
mpe
ratu
re (k
eV)
Near Term Schedule andFuture Plan
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ILE OSAKA
FIREX-I Timetable
FY Laser Construction Milestones
2009 One-beam operation Repeat Nature exp’t
2010 Two-beam operation Surpass Nature exp’t
2011 Four-beam CD heating ( 5keV )
2012 Wavefront control Advanced targets CD heating ( >5keV )
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Goal of FIREX-I
Excess achievement
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!"#$%$
&! = 1053 nm
&4 beams
&50 kJ/10 ps
&F/5, 100 cm"
Proposed FIREX-II&!"#$%&'(
'(#$%$
&! = 351 nm
&92 beams&&
&50 kJ/3)ns
&F/8, 15 cm"
!32 beam
2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 20142009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
FIREX-I
LFEX
GEKKO XII
Nest Step 1: Ignition and Burn by Fast Ignition
→48 beam
Heating upto T ≈ 5keVFIREX-II
Ignition Q ≈ 5
NIF ignition
Atomic Energy Commission of Japan reported (Oct. 2005):“Based on its (FIREX-I) achievement, decide whether it should be advanced to the second-phase program aiming at the realization of ignition and burning”
ILE OSAKA
It’s time to bring a paradigm shift in inertial fusion.
• By the time of NIF ignition, it will have passed more than 20 years since the end of the Cold War.
•Global warming is becoming the serious problem.
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A flagship program is necessary to lift up inertial fusion community’s spirits.
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Implosion Laser100 kJ x1Hz =100 kW
Reaction chamber10 MWth
Heating Laser 100 kJx1Hz = 100 kW
Pellet Injector
Power Generator 4 MWe
Next Step 2: Laboratory Inertial Fusion Test LIFT
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Implosion Laser
100 kJ x1Hz =100 kW
Reaction chamber
10 MWth
Heating Laser
100 kJx1Hz = 100 kW
Pellet Injector
Power Generator 4 MWe
IFEForum
Committee of Inertial Fusion Energy
Development
International Laboratory Inertial Fusion Test
IFE ForumTomabechi Committee i-LIFT can generate net electricity of 2 MWe!
A landmark of fusion energy development !21
ILE OSAKA
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Implosion Laser100 kJ x1Hz =100 kW
Reaction chamber10 MWth
Heating Laser 100 kJx1Hz = 100 kW
Pellet Injector
Power Generator 4 MWe
International Laboratory Inertial Fusion Test: i-LIFT
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Implosion Laser
100 kJ x1Hz =100 kW
Reaction chamber
10 MWth
Heating Laser
100 kJx1Hz = 100 kW
Pellet Injector
Power Generator 4 MWe
IFEForum
Committee of Inertial Fusion Energy
Development
International Laboratory Inertial Fusion Test
IFE ForumTomabechi Committee i-LIFT can generate net electricity of 2 MWe!
A landmark of fusion energy development !21
核融合原型炉
Experimental reactor i-LIFT integrates all physics and engineering activities.
◆ Power generation demonstration Judge: DEMO Const.
▲ Commercial demonstration
Demonstration PlantDEMO
200kJ/1Hz
Eng.Design
ConceptDesign
Eng. Design
i-LIFT is Laser based Fast Track. 09/11/7
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Implosion Laser
100 kJ x1Hz =100 kW
Reaction chamber
10 MWth
Heating Laser
100 kJx1Hz = 100 kW
Pellet Injector
Power Generator 4 MWe
IFEForum
Committee of Inertial Fusion Energy
Development
International Laboratory Inertial Fusion Test
IFE Forum
NIF (US)
FIREX-I (Jpn), EP
▲ Ignition
10 15 4025 30 35 20
1-month operation
Power plant technology, ESE issues
Fusion chamber, Blanket
Target fab., Injection, Tracking
Driver development
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Reactor technology Elements
Advanced reactor technology
Reactor Core Plasma Physics
10 J/1Hz
◆ Ignition
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1 kJ/1Hz x 10
◆Ignition TempJudge: FIREX-II & Eng. Design
FIREX-II ▲ Fast Ignition
1.2 MJ/4Hz1 Reaction Chamber
SGIV (China)LMJ (France) ▲ Ignition
1J/1Hz
10min BurstSingle shot
Blanket test
Experimental ReactorLIFT
Integrated Engineering
Test
Continuity Endurance
◆ Repeated core plasma Judge: LIFT Const.
1.2 MJ/16 Hz4 Reaction Chamber
Commercial Plant
Construction:2-3 B$
Construction:3-4 B$
Reactor Lasers
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Pumping: from Flash Lamps to Laser Diodes
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80万円→数万円
Laser absorption lines and Pumping Source spectra
Flash Lamps
フラッシュランプ
Laser Diodes
Laser Diode Pumping opens the possible high-rep high efficient lasers
Most energy goes into heat Emission line can coincident with absorption line
100 W/bar Present 3$/W→Goal 0.1$/W
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Laser medium: from glasses to ceramic crystal
18mm
60mm
60mm
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Laser glasses Cooled Ceramic Crystal
Several 100s increase of thermal conductivity enables 100 Hz rep rate, much higher than reactor requirement.
・Glass→Large optics・Glass→Very low thermal conductivity
・Crystal→High thermal cond.・Ceramic→Large optics
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Summary
•After 50 years journey, the IFE community is ready for ignition at NIF.
•Compactness of fast ignition will accelerate inertial fusion energy development.
• IFE physic and engineering programs would converge onto an experimental reactor, i-LIFT, that will lift up people’s spirits.
ILE/Osaka, as a National Joint Research Facility, strongly encourages national and international collaborations.
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