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Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts Notes
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Design Elements: Texture: Form:
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts Notes
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Color: Line: Principle of Design:
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts Notes
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Scale and Proportion: Balance: Rhythm, Sequence and Repetition:
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts Notes
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Landscape Design: Focal Point: Plants:
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts Notes
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Symbols: Variations of Circles: Variation of Lines: Plant List: Lettering: Title Block:
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.1
TM2.3
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.1
TM2.3
Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.1 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.1 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.1 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.2 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Plant Forms
Form Description Examples
Horizontal Spreading
Pendulous
Trailing
Mounded
Irregular
Pyramidal
Columnar
Rounded
Oval
Vase-Shaped (Upright
Spreading)
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.2 KEY Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Plant Forms
Form Description Examples
Horizontal Spreading Branches and leaves form broad crowns;
crowns expand in horizontal fashion Live oaks, London plane trees
Pendulous sometimes called “weeping” trees, long
flexible branches which may or may not
touch the ground, irregular shape
weeping willow, weeping
cherry, weeping mulberry
Trailing
Produce horizontal growth; few if any
upright branches; good for border
planting and ground cover
Wintercreeper euonymus,
jasmine, bleeding heart,
wisteria
Mounded
Rounded shape, short to the ground;
similar to round but stem-length is
shorter so shrub is closer to the ground
than rounded tree
Japanese spiraea, Japenese
garden juniper, eastern white
pine
Irregular can be variety of heights, sometimes
more wide than tall, open and irregular
shape
cherry, dogwood, ginkgo,
mimosa
Pyramidal wide at the bottom, horizontal branches,
need space for wide expansion
blue spruce, Fraser fir, pin oak,
western red cedar
Columnar tall, narrow, upright branches, height
provides screen or block without being
too wide
Italian cypress, Lombardy
poplar, pyramid oak, Emerald
Green arborvitae.
Rounded upright with dense branching upright to
form rounded shape
jacaranda, red oak, Ohio
buckeye, red maple, white ash
Oval Similar to rounded, but more oval shaped
(taller and narrower)
green ash, American mountain
ash, paperbark birch,
Norway maple, Kentucky
coffeetree
Vase-Shaped (Upright
Spreading)
widest at the top just like a vase,
branches are upright, offers elevated
shade for walking below
crape myrtle, American elm,
Kwanzan cherry
Fastigate similar to columnar but have multiple
trunks, not usually natural varieties
upright European hornbeam,
fastigiate Ginkgo biloba
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.3 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Plans
Critique the landscape plans for their use of the design elements.
Landscape 1
Texture
Form
Line
Color
Landscape 2
Texture
Form
Line
Color
Landscape 3
Texture
Form
Line
Color
Landscape 4
Texture
Form
Line
Color
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.5 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Balance in a Landscape
1. Sketch a landscape with symmetrical balance.
2. Sketch a landscape with asymmetrical balance
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.5 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Designs
At three locations at or near the school, evaluate landscape design for the design elements.
Location #1
Description of area_____________________________________________________________________
Evaluate each design element:
Texture
Basic plant forms
Color/environmental
factors
Line
Emotion
Size of plants
Balance
Rhythm
Simplicity
Focal point
Location #2
Description of area_____________________________________________________________________
Evaluate each design element:
Texture
Basic plant forms
Color/environmental
factors
Line
Emotion
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.5 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Size of plants
Balance
Rhythm
Simplicity
Focal point
Location #3
Description of area_____________________________________________________________________
Evaluate each design element:
Texture
Basic plant forms
Color/environmental
factors
Line
Emotion
Size of plants
Balance
Rhythm
Simplicity
Focal point
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.6 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Arrangement of Trees and Shrubs
Trees and shrubs can be arranged in the public, private, and service/utility areas in any of three
ways: line plantings, corner plantings, and foundation plantings. All plantings are grounded in
cultivated beds and mulched. Design elements and principles are used in order to help stimulate
imagination and interest in the plantings.
Line Plantings- Line plantings of trees and shrubs can be used to make walls, screens, or
enclosures. Line plantings can be composed to block or frame a view. They can give total,
partial, or no privacy. To enhance a line planting be careful not to oversimplify, causing
monotony; or to create chaos, with too much variety of any design element. A line planting looks
appealing when trees and shrubs are put into groups of three, five, or seven. An effective way to
make a line planting is to place shorter plants in front of taller ones, and stagger the plants in the
line.
Corner Plantings- Corner plantings are used at the corners of connecting lines in a landscape
plan and are formed with two parts, the in-curve and the out-curve. The in-curve is the center of
the planting area where the tallest plant is placed. It is also the area of the planting that will
attract most of a viewer’s attention. The out-curve is on both sides of the in-curve. Shorter plants
are placed at the out-curve with taller plants placed at the in-curve, giving a stair-step effect.
Corner plantings can be added to the end of a line planting for a continuous screen or wall effect.
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.6 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Foundation Plantings- Foundation plantings are placed directly alongside a house. They were
very popular many years ago in helping to hide large foundations. Today, homes are built more
efficiently and it is not usually necessary to cover the foundation area. Foundation plantings are
still used today, but have a different purpose. They help connect the house to the rest of the
landscape. Foundation plantings are more effective if they do not stop at a corner of the house,
but continue around the corner of into the yard.
Public Area- The focal point in the public area is the front door and entryway. The landscaping
of the public area should be attractive and inviting, easily leading people into the house or
building. The funneling approach is the best way to draw attention to an entrance. The taller
plants are placed the furthest from the door. As the plants are placed closer to the door, their
heights gradually decrease.
Another approach that can be used to draw attention to the front door is to emphasize the
doorway by using manufactured or natural enrichments such as boulders, birdbaths, or
driftwoods. A strong visual characteristic of form, color, or texture in an accent plant or
specimen plant will work as well.
Private and Service/Utility Area- Opportunity for creativity exists in placement of the focal
points in the private and service/utility areas. The focal point should be emphasized, and the
remaining area arranged to complement the coal point. How the area is designed depends on the
size and shape of the area and how it is to be used. The private area is a place of privacy and
relaxation. It is an extension of a house to the outdoors, often including a patio or deck and an
open space for activities. The entire area can be landscaped formally or informally, depending on
the client’s desire.
The service/utility area may or may not have a focal point, depending upon the actual use and
size of the area. It may be partially or totally screened. The private and service/utility areas can
be screened and divided to control views into and out of the areas. Screens and divisions aid in
traffic circulation. Screens and divisions can be made with line or corner plantings, or
constructed from wood or concrete.
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.7 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Scenarios
Assign student the two scenarios listed below. Teacher may choose to allow students to work in
groups of two. After students are done, have them present designs and discuss how the elements
make them different.
Using measurements given, complete the following steps in designing the public area.
Scenario 1:
• Draw this section of house on graph paper
using a scale of 1” = 4’
• Design the public area using the front door as
the Focal point.
• Use a corner and foundation planting with
mass groupings, accents, or specimen plants.
• Make a list of all plant materials used.
• Design with plants that will grow well in this
sunlight.
• Remember not to cover the windows with
plants.
• Make a title block for this design.
• All images from IML Landscaping
Management
Scenario 2:
• Draw this section of house on graph
paper using a scale of 1” = 4’
• Design the with line and corner
plantings.
• Create a focal point in the southwest
corner to shade the patio from
afternoon sun.
• Design a partial screen for privacy
from the western neighbor.
• Add color to the design.
• Make a list of all plant materials
used.
• Make a title block for this design.
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.7 KEY Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Scenarios
Rubric
Points
4 Points
3 Points
2 Points
1 Point
Drawing
Drawing is done to
a scale that
matches 1” = 4'
1 error in Scale
Drawing
2 errors in scale
drawing
3 or more errors in
scale
Plantings
All
plantings/groupings
are appropriate for
the area designed.
Most
plantings/groupings
are appropriate for
the area designed.
A few
plantings/groupings
are appropriate for
the area designed.
1 of the
plantings/groupings
is appropriate for
the area designed.
List of
materials
All plants that are
used are listed in
alphabetical order.
Most plants that are
used are listed in
alphabetical order.
Few of the plants
that are used are
listed in
alphabetical order.
A couple plants
that are used are
listed in
alphabetical order.
Title
Block
All elements of the
title block are
presented
3 of the elements of
the title block are
presented
2 of the elements of
the title block are
presented
1 of the elements of
the title block are
presented
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.8 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Design Concepts Evaluation
Multiple Choice:
1. Which is not a physical feature of a plant in relation to texture?
a. Bark
b. Branches
c. Foliage
d. Roots
2. What is simple leaf texture?
a. Coarse
b. Fine
c. Medium
d. Receding
3. How many dimensions does a plant form have?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
4. Which of the following give the longest lasting color in the plant environment?
a. Bark
b. Buds
c. Flowers
d. Foliage
5. What is not a principle of design?
a. Focal point
b. Proportion
c. Rhythm
d. Texture
6. What is a mirror image balanced called?
a. Asymmetrical
b. Linear
c. Off-balance
d. Symmetrical
7. What type of plant has strong, visual feature but is most effective when planted in groupings?
a. Accent plant
b. Mass plant
c. Single plant
d. Specimen plant
8. Why is a line planting used?
a. To block a view
b. To provide total privacy
c. To give no privacy
d. All of the above
9. Which is not true foundation planting?
a. It was used many years ago
b. It is not necessary today
c. It unites the house to the yard
d. It is not necessary to cover entire foundation area of the house.
Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts
LM2.8 KEY Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts
Landscape Design Concepts Evaluation
Multiple Choice:
1. Which is not a physical feature of a plant in relation to texture?
a. Bark
b. Branches
c. Foliage
d. Roots
2. What is simple leaf texture?
a. Coarse
b. Fine
c. Medium
d. Receding
3. How many dimensions does a plant form have?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
4. Which of the following give the longest lasting color in the plant environment?
a. Bark
b. Buds
c. Flowers
d. Foliage
5. What is not a principle of design?
a. Focal point
b. Proportion
c. Rhythm
d. Texture
6. What is a mirror image balanced called?
a. Asymmetrical
b. Linear
c. Off-balance
d. Symmetrical
7. What type of plant has strong, visual feature but is most effective when planted in groupings?
a. Accent plant
b. Mass plant
c. Single plant
d. Specimen plant
8. Why is a line planting used?
a. To block a view
b. To provide total privacy
c. To give no privacy
d. All of the above
9. Which is not true foundation planting?
a. It was used many years ago
b. It is not necessary today
c. It unites the house to the yard
d. It is not necessary to cover entire foundation area of the house.