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Circulation in Landscape
Circulation
Circulation as a means of structuring experience and as a generator of form. It begins with the movement of people…
Circulation as
movement
Character, nature and speed of movement at which we flow is influenced by the circulation path.
1
2
3
The importance
of movement
Experience
Perception
Understanding
Character of flowThe specific character of movement affects not only our mood as we traverse the landscape, but also the images we receive. As we peruse the line characters and imagine along these lines, our perception would differ based upon the character of the flow.
direct
indirect
Fluid
Meandering
Circuitous
Angular
Nature of flowIn addition to character of line movement, nature also affects our perception of place.
Ascent Descent
Dendritic: Coalescing Dendritic: Dispersing
Rhythmic
Rhythmic: Intersecting
Rate of flowOur perception of place changes with rate at which we move. Moving quickly, we are relatively unaware on details but we do when we move slowly.
Forces that affect flow: HUMAN TENDENCIES
Relaxed flow Accelerated flow
Relaxed flow
Impelling factors ofmovement
(as shown in OHP)
The unusualThings at ‘pix’
That which is necessaryThe restful when weary
The admirableThe superlative
That which inspiresThat which is impressive
The exotic
The weirdThe elegantThe subtleThe spectacularThe familiarMovementThe appealingThat which is dramaticThat which is bold
Consideration in
movement
1Distance as friction2Positive qualities of
distance3Space modulation
4Conditioned perception5Sequence
6The ordered approach
1 Distance as friction
Speed and economy are factors: to select minimum of friction
Traffic of various types & velocities would be classified and separated – for safety purposes
Elements along the route would facilitate and express a freedom of movement, as well as freedom to users
In the various field of transportation, distance is considered as obstacle to be overcome – area must be traversed and space that must be bridged.
2 Positive qualities of distance
In the world of expansion and increasing pressure, we often yearn for more room and seek to extend our constricting boundaries. We expand and increase apparent distances.
It is an art that we, in the increased planning concentrations and population densities of the near future, must relearn and develop.
Distance is a function of area, and area in a function of space and both area and space are usually at a premium.
3 Space modulation
Man in motion takes great pleasure in the sensation of change – design modulation of spaces, views or objects to accommodate and express the use for which it was planned.
Man enjoys moving to and through spaces and moving around or past objects. This is called “experience of sequential space-to-space transition. One may be led through a sequence of varying spaces that provide a complete change in use and mood.
Each transition, space-to-space, is contrive with a deft assurance of practice, as a harmonious sequential progression of movement.
It is an established planning fact that we seek in an area or space that has quality of harmony, oneness or unity that is the mark of any well-conceived work of science of art.
4 Conditioned perception
A sequence of conditioned experience will heighten the interacting pleasurable impact of each compared to only a single experience alone.
Experience is compounded of which we have perceived that which we perceiving and that which we expect to perceive.
As moving through a space of complex spaces we subconsciously remember that which we have passed or sensed. We thus orient backwards in the time space, as well as forwards and find that each orientation gives meaning to the other and to all.
Designer should plan a program of user’s perception of any object by sequence of planned relationships that will reveal the most appealing qualities of it; - that will be experienced and anticipated by users.
5 Sequence
The planned sequence is an extremely effective design device – may induce motion, give direction, creative cadence, instill a mood or ‘explain’ an object or series of it in space and develop a concept.
A planned sequence = conscious arrangement of organization of elements or spaces. One feels compelled to move from the start of a sequence to its completion.
A sequence should interpret, express or dramatic or traversed. Each sequence, like a distinctive rhythm or refrain, has its own character and evokes an emotional response.
In nature, sequences are casual and free. BUT, in planned sequence, it may be casual and disciplined, rambling and intentionally to achieve a purpose. Sequence, in the term of planning, defined as succession of perception of experiences having continuity.
6 The ordered approach
A man in motion is acted upon by the physical environment through which he passes. It would seem, that a man moving toward a goal.
The ordered approaches are designed with admirable sensitivity. Progressive sequential realization of a concept or conditional attainment of a goal.
Line of approach(as shown in OHP)Meandering
DirectCurvilinear
ErraticLoopingPassing
In-circlingDispersingCongregatingRoundingReturningDivergingHoming
Quality of line(as shown in OHP)
With distractionWith diversionWith interferenceInterrupted lineObscure lineWith frictionDilution line
…end of lecture