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Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation, Wilmslow Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London ©2014 Waters Corporation 1 BMSS Annual Meeting Alderley Park, April 2014

Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

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Page 1: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass SpectrometryMass Spectrometry

Mike Morris

MS Research Department, Waters Corporation, Wilmslow

Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London

©2014 Waters Corporation 1

BMSS Annual MeetingAlderley Park, April 2014

Page 2: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Martin Elliott

Gareth Brenton

F k P ll Frank Pullen

Alison Ashcroft

John Monaghan

…..and the surviving Aston Medal recipients……

©2014 Waters Corporation 2

Page 3: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

OverviewOverview

Origins of BMSS

A reflection of landmarks through the Aston Medal winners

©2014 Waters Corporation 3

Page 4: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

©2014 Waters Corporation 4

Page 5: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Commercial DriversCommercial Drivers

©2014 Waters Corporation 5

Page 6: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Journal PublishersJournal Publishers

©2014 Waters Corporation 6

Page 7: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Origins of BMSS

Institute of Petroleum

Origins of BMSS

MS Discussion Group

Mass Spectroscopy Group13th M 1964— 13th May 1964

— Maccoll & Elliott

British Mass Spectroscopy Group— 1974

BMSS— 1981

©2014 Waters Corporation 7

1981

Page 8: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Meetings aren't what they used to beMeetings aren t what they used to be….

AEI MS Users Meeting - 1967?

©2014 Waters Corporation 8

Page 9: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

©2014 Waters Corporation 9

Page 10: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

IMSC 1985 SwanseaIMSC 1985 - Swansea

©2014 Waters Corporation 10

Page 11: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

F W AstonF W Aston

University of Birmingham— Studies of discharge tubes

C di h L b t Cavendish Laboratory— Worked with Thomson— Sector instrumentationSector instrumentation

o Momentum AND Energy Focusing— Accurate masses of natural isotopes

o Whole number rule

Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1922 Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1922

©2014 Waters Corporation 11

Page 12: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Citation for the Aston MedalCitation for the Aston Medal

…..to be given to individuals deserving special recognition …..to be given to individuals deserving special recognition

by reason of their outstanding contributions to knowledge

i th bi l i l h i l i i th ti l in the biological, chemical, engineering, mathematical,

medical, or physical sciences relating directly to mass

spectrometry.

©2014 Waters Corporation 12

Page 13: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Aston Medal WinnersAston Medal Winners

Alan Maccoll 18th Annual Conference, Nottingham 1989John Beynon 19th Annual Conference, UCL, 1990Brian Green 22nd Annual Conference, Swansea 1996Keith Jennings 23rd Annual Conference, Warwick 1998Dai Games LC-MS Meeting, Cambridge 2000C li Pilli IMSC Edi b h 2003Colin Pillinger IMSC, Edinburgh 2003Tom Preston 28th Annual Conference, York 2005John Todd IMSC Prague 2006John Todd IMSC, Prague 2006Robert Bateman 30th Annual Conference, York 2008Richard Evershed 31st Annual Conference, Cardiff 2010Richard Evershed 31 Annual Conference, Cardiff 2010Carol Robinson 32nd Annual Conference, Cardiff 2011Tony Stace 34th Annual Conference, Eastbourne 2013

©2014 Waters Corporation 13

y ,

Page 14: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

1989 Allan Maccoll1989 - Allan Maccoll

University College, London— Lecturer (1947)— Reader (1953)

P f (1963)— Professor (1963)— Emeritus Professor (1981)

Founding Editor - Organic Mass Spectrometry

Founding Editor - European Mass S t tSpectrometry

©2014 Waters Corporation 14

Page 15: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Organic Mass SpectrometryOrganic Mass Spectrometry

Founded 1968

©2014 Waters Corporation 15

Page 16: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

European Journal of Mass SpectrometryEuropean Journal of Mass Spectrometry

Founded 1995

©2014 Waters Corporation 16

Page 17: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

1990 John Beynon1990 - John Beynon

ICI Blackley— MS8 (Robert Craig)

Purdue UniversityPurdue University— RMH2— MS9

Royal Society Research Unit, Swansea— ZAB

Founding Editor - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometryin Mass Spectrometry

©2014 Waters Corporation 17

IMSF Thomson Medal 1985

Page 18: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Molecular Formula DeterminationMolecular Formula Determination

'(mass spectrometers) can also be used for qualitative analysis of unknown substances'

'Since the mass spectrometer can Since the mass spectrometer can handle milligram quantities of material…'

'from an analytical point of view 'from an analytical point of view, the molecular weight is perhaps the most useful single item of

f b bl binformation obtainable by mass spectrometry…'

'…if the mass of any ion is …if the mass of any ion is measured with sufficient precision, its elemental composition can immediately be deduced '

©2014 Waters Corporation 18

immediately be deduced…

Page 19: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Ion Kinetic Energy SpectroscopyIon Kinetic Energy Spectroscopy

Metastable peak from loss of CO Metastable peak from loss of CO from phenol molecular ion

©2014 Waters Corporation 19

Page 20: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Rapid Communications in Mass SpectrometryRapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry

©2014 Waters Corporation 20

Page 21: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

1996 Brian Green1996 - Brian Green

Metropolitan Vickers / AEI (1958)— MS9

o First unit - Shell AmsterdamMaccollo Maccoll

o Yale

©2014 Waters Corporation 21

Page 22: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

SabbaticalSabbatical…..

©2014 Waters Corporation 22

Page 23: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

1996 Brian Green1996 - Brian Green

Metropolitan Vickers / AEI (1958)— MS9

o First unit - Shell AmsterdamMaccollo Maccoll

o Yale

VG Micromass (1972)— First scanning accurate mass

dmeasurements into data systems.— Laminated magnets— Dioxin methodologiesDioxin methodologies— ESI of haemoglobins

©2014 Waters Corporation 23

Page 24: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Laminated MagnetsLaminated Magnets

Higher mass range— Less saturation

L h t i Lower hysteresis— 4x less than solid core— Faster scanningFaster scanning— No degradation in mass

resolution

Lower stray fields— 8x less than solid core— 8x less than solid core— Less interference

©2014 Waters Corporation 24

Page 25: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

HaemoglobinopathiesHaemoglobinopathies

Determination of amino acid sequence in variant haemoglobins.

Over 1 000 reported variants e g Over 1,000 reported variants e.g. Sickle (6 GluVal, m-30Da)

Of the 4,550 samples analysed, 321 different variants have been analysed (151 -chain, 162 -chain, analysed (151 chain, 162 chain, 1 -chain, 2G chain, 5 hybrids

3 l i h b 73 novel mutations have been discovered since 1988 (44 -chain, 29 -chain).

©2014 Waters Corporation 25

Page 26: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

1998 Keith Jennings1998 - Keith Jennings

NRC Ottawa

University of SheffieldMetastable studies— Metastable studies

— Collision-induced dissociation

University of Warwick— CID

Metastable studies— Metastable studies— MS/MS

ACS Field & Franklin Award ASMS Distinguished Contributions

IMSF Th M d l 1985

©2014 Waters Corporation 26

IMSF Thomson Medal 1985

Page 27: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Fragmentation and Metastable Ion StudiesFragmentation and Metastable Ion Studies

Studies of fragmentation - AEI MS10 & MS9 (early 1960s)— Metastable fragmentation — m* = m2

2/m1

Increase fragmentation through introduction of gas— Increase fragmentation through introduction of gas

CID & SID - Four sector instruments (1980s)CID & SID Four sector instruments (1980s)

Application of mass spectrometry in Life Sciences (from 1994)

©2014 Waters Corporation 27

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Page 29: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

An unlikely collection of charactersAn unlikely collection of characters……

©2014 Waters Corporation 29

Page 30: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2000 Dai Games2000 - Dai Games

King's College. London

McMaster University, Hamilton

University of Wales, Cardiff

Swansea University Swansea University

Edit i Chi f Bi di l d Editor-in-Chief - Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry

IMSF Thomson Medal 1997

©2014 Waters Corporation 30

Page 31: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Field Desorption & Field IonisationField Desorption & Field Ionisation

Low-energy ionisation techniques

Promote molecular ion formation

©2014 Waters Corporation 31

Page 32: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Hyphentaed MSHyphentaed MS

Coupling of chromatography and mass spectrometry— LC— SFC

CEC— CEC— HSCC

Finnigan moving belt interface (Bill McFadden)— EI— Library-searchable spectra

BMSS LC MS courses BMSS LC-MS courses

©2014 Waters Corporation 32

Page 33: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Biomedical & Environmental Mass SpectrometrySpectrometry

©2014 Waters Corporation 33

Page 34: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Proudest acheivement??Proudest acheivement??

The students!

©2014 Waters Corporation 34

Page 35: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2003 Colin Pillinger2003 - Colin Pillinger

University of Bristol

University of Cambridge

Open University

©2014 Waters Corporation 35

Page 36: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Martian MeteoritesMartian Meteorites

Studies of astronomical samples

C fi ti f th Confirmation of the presence of martian meteorites on earth— SensitivitySensitivity— Isotope ratio measurements

©2014 Waters Corporation 36

Page 37: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Beagle 2Beagle 2

Consortium Leader & Lead Scientist

Communication lost - Christmas D 2003Day 2003

©2014 Waters Corporation 37

Page 38: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

RosettaRosetta

©2014 Waters Corporation 38

Page 39: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2005 Tom Preston2005 - Tom Preston

Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory SUERCLaboratory, SUERC

Professor of Stable Isotope Biochemistry University of GlasgowBiochemistry, University of Glasgow

Adjunct Professor, St John’s Research Institute Bangalore IndiaInstitute, Bangalore, India

©2014 Waters Corporation 39

Page 40: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

EA-IRMS : the first CF-IRMS instrument

Aquatic biogeochemistryTerrestrial productivityAgriculture/soils

Nick Owens and Tom Preston about to hoist the

Agriculture/soilsEcologyForensicsFisheries Management Nick Owens and Tom Preston about to hoist the

first commercial EA-IRMS (Europa Scientific) onto the RRS Challenger, Troon, July 1987.

Fisheries ManagementPlant water use efficiency

etc…

Page 41: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Non-invasive 13C breath tests

Urea Breath testGastric emptyingLiver functionLiver functionOro-caecal transitSmall bowel overgrowthFat digestionFat digestionStarch digestion etc

Raw Data and Seigel Curve FitRaw Data and Seigel Curve Fit

50 060.070.080.0

R 20.025.0

30.0

-1

CumulativeS i l Fit

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

cPD

R

0.05.0

10.015.0

PDR

h Seigel FitRaw DataCurve Fit

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0

Time (h)

AP2003 13C breath test IRMS, Analytical Precision, UK

Page 42: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

GC-combustion-IRMS: low enrichment, low concentration

GC-C-IRMS of short chain fatty acid production fromfatty acid production from

dietary fibreVolatiles in a helium carrier are

t d b GC d b t dseparated by GC and combusted on line to CO2

13C-labelled cereals

GC-C-IRMS analysis of VFA

1.20E-09

1.40E-09

1 30E 02

1.35E-02

1.40E-02

A t t3-methylvalerate

6.00E-10

8.00E-10

1.00E-09

Maj

or B

eam

1.15E-02

1.20E-02

1.25E-02

1.30E-02

45:4

4 ra

tio

Acetate

PropionateButyrate Valerate

0.00E+00

2.00E-10

4.00E-10

580 680 780 880 980 1080 1180

Time (s)

1.00E-02

1.05E-02

1.10E-02

e (s)

In-house GC-combustion interface, 20-20 IRMS, SerCon, Crewe, UK

Page 43: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Body composition and total energy expenditure

Obesity and type II diabetes

Thermo Fisher Delta V Advantage, IAEA Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, St John’s Research Institute, Bangalore

Page 44: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2006 John Todd2006 - John Todd

Leeds University

Yale University

University of Kent at Canterbury

IMSF Thomson Medal 1997

©2014 Waters Corporation 44

Page 45: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Ion TrapsIon Traps

©2014 Waters Corporation 45

Page 46: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

RosettaRosetta

Conceived 1994

Launched 02-Mar-2004— Dormant for 2.5 years— Woke up in January 2014— Now switching on instrumentsNow switching on instruments

Scheduled comet landing November 2014

©2014 Waters Corporation 46

Page 47: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

MODULUS Ptolemy Experiment— Methods of Determining and

Understanding Light elements from Unequivocal Stable from Unequivocal Stable isotope compositions

— Accurate isotope measurement 12 250Thmeasurement 12-250Th

— 250x330x110mm— 4.5kg— <10W power consumption

©2014 Waters Corporation 47

Page 48: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2008 Bob Bateman2008 - Bob Bateman

Cambridge University

AEI (1969)

VG Micromass (1973)

©2014 Waters Corporation 48

Page 49: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

VG 7070KVG 7070K

©2014 Waters Corporation 49

Page 50: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

VG ZAB 2FVG ZAB 2F

Reverse geometry - collision cell for ion activation

©2014 Waters Corporation 50

Page 51: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

VG 70-70 & 70E VG 70-70 & 70E

Non-normal entry into same magnet— Half angle, double radius, increase mass range 4x

©2014 Waters Corporation 51

Page 52: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

VG AutospecVG Autospec

Tri-sector EBEconfiguration

16 bit ADC at400 kHz sampling rate

(16 bit ADC at500 kHz sampling rate)500 kHz sampling rate)

©2014 Waters Corporation 52

Page 53: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Autospec 6FAutospec 6F

©2014 Waters Corporation 53

Page 54: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

oaTOFoaTOF

SensitivitySpeedSize

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SizeSimplicityAutoSpec-TOF

Page 55: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Q-ToFQ-ToF

©2014 Waters Corporation 55

Page 56: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Synapt HDMSIMS MSIMS-MS

NAF_03.raw : 1

©2014 Waters Corporation 56

Page 57: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2010 Richard Evershed2010 - Richard Evershed

Ph.D. Keele

University of Bristol (1981)

University of Liverpool (1984)

University of Bristol (1993)— Chair of Biogeochemistry— Chair of Biogeochemistry

©2014 Waters Corporation 57

Page 58: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2010 Richard Evershed2010 - Richard Evershed

Ph.D. Keele

University of Bristol (1981)

University of Liverpool (1984)

University of Bristol (1993)— Chair of Biogeochemistry— Chair of Biogeochemistry

“Pioneered the development and papplication of molecular and isotopic techniques to study environments of the past and present”

©2014 Waters Corporation 58

past and present

Page 59: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Analytical chemistry of molecules past and present

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Role of microbes and invertebrates in soil

i tt liorganic matter cycling

CHROMATOGRAPHYORGANIC

GEOCHEMISTRYBIOMOLECULAR

PALAEONTOLOGY CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS SPECTROMETRY

Molecular and stable isotopic compositions

Reconstructing past climate and

environments (peat bogs and lakes)

Fossilisation processes and

palaeoenvironmentalinformation isotopic compositions (peat bogs and lakes)information

BIOMOLECULAR ARCHAEOLOGY

Reconstructing human activity in the past

Page 60: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Organic Chemistry Archaeology

O

CO2H H

OH

CH2OH

OH CO2H

CO2H

Pistacia resin FrankincenseCO2H

Birch bark products Heated resin product2

Coniferous resin

HOHOH

HOH

Widely occurring sterol Manure indicators in soils Petroleum bitumenWidely occurring sterol Manure indicators in soils

Plant epicuticular waxes

O

O

OOH

Petroleum bitumen

Common fatty acid

O

Beeswax O

OHIsoprenoid fatty acid Natural dyesyp y

Oxidised fatty acid

y

Macromolecule building blocks: collagen, aDNA, carbohydrates, etc.Thermally altered fatty acids

Page 61: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

ge s

oil Resins, tars,

pitches and bitumensm

etic

og b

ody

Bro

nze

A

oman

cos Bo

B Ro

ents Plant remains

MummiesMummies

ic p

igm

e

ody O

rgan

Bog

bo

ryArt objects

hic

potte

rj

Skeletal remainsMary Rose Neo

lith

Page 62: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Synergies in structures and isotopic compositions

O

OH

Fatty acid

CH3 Compound-specific isotopes and biomolecular

HCO2H

archaeology12C, 13C (metabolism/biochemical pathways)***** 14C (radiocarbon dating)*

Amino acid

NH214C (radiocarbon dating)1H, 2H (temperature/precipitation)*16O, 18O (temperature/precipitation)14N, 15N (trophic interactions/metabolism)*

Page 63: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

University Research Centre & NERC Facility for molecular and light stable isotope MS analysesa d g t stab e sotope S a a yses3 x GC/MS 6 x GC-C-IRMSLC/MS/MS LC-IRMSLC/MS/MS LC-IRMSHRMS

New accelerator mass spectrometer for UK science for 2015

Page 64: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2011 Carol Robinson2011 - Carol Robinson

M.Sc. Swansea (Beynon)

Ph.D. Cambridge (Williams)

Oxford University (1991)

Cambridge University (2001)

Oxford University (2009)

Biemann Medal (2003) DBE (2013)

©2014 Waters Corporation 64

( 0 3)

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2012 Carol Robinson2012 - Carol Robinson

©2014 Waters Corporation 65

Pfizer

Page 66: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

I t t G EL iIntact GroEL 14-mer survives

AA Rostom, CV Robinson. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:4718‐4719, 1999. 

Page 67: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

t = 5 ms

t =15 mst =15 ms

t=30 ms

Ruotolo, Science 2005

Page 68: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

First mass spectrum of a membrane complex

Barrera et al Science 2008, 321: 243

Page 69: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Mass spectrum of intact ATPase from    Thermus thermophilusThermus thermophilus 

Zhou et al 334,380 Science 2011

Page 70: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

2013 Tony Stace2013 - Tony Stace

Ph.D. Essex

Sussex University (1974)

Southampton University (1977)

Sussex University (1983)

Nottingham University (2004)

©2014 Waters Corporation 70

Page 71: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Cluster studiesCluster studies

Cluster fragmentation patterns— Solvation of protons in solvent— Formation of proton hydrates in ionosphere

Metal multi-cation complexes in the gas phase

Coulomb fission from multiple-charged cations— Applications in cloud formation to nebuliser delivery

©2014 Waters Corporation 71

Page 72: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Spectroscopy of clusersSpectroscopy of clusers

Cold trap techniques — Visible / UV laser spectroscopy metal dication complexes

©2014 Waters Corporation 72

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Page 76: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Most newcomers to mass spectrometry in the last 10 Most newcomers to mass spectrometry in the last 10

years will have little concept of the difficulties faced

in obtaining the mass spectra of four solid samples

during a working day……g g y

Keith Jennings, 2012

©2014 Waters Corporation 76

Page 77: Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry · Landmarks in the last 50 years of British Mass Spectrometry Mike Morris MS Research Department, Waters Corporation,

Concluding thoughtsConcluding thoughts

Mass spectrometry has changed enormously in the last half century

N i ti t hi t f d il li Now in routine use, touching many aspects of our daily lives

Where will we be 50 years from now? Where will we be 50 years from now?

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