Landfill2015 - iwmsa.co.zaiwmsa.co.za/sites/default/files/downloads/21. A. Taylor-+landfill+... · Andrew Taylor Managing Director Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd Landfill2015

Andrew TaylorManaging Director

Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd

Landfill2015

Bio-gas power generationin the South African context

Overview of RE and bio-gas

in South Africa

• the SA reality w.r.t. electricity demand and capacity

• the 2003 Renewable Energy White Paper

• the NERSA REFIT programme

• the DOE REIPP programme – for wind and solar

• the cost of wind and solar power in SA

• bio-gas power in Germany

• bio-gas & landfill gas in South Africa

• the opportunity for bio-gas in South Africa

September 2015Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

The South African Realityfrom the 2003 RE White Paper


The South African RealitySummer vs winter demand profile


The South African RealityTypical winter profile - 2015


The 2003 RE White Paper• an Energy Policy is a Constitutional requirement !

• the stated problems problems not emphasised

– coal dependence - water issues ?

– greenhouse gasses - unemployment ?

– energy security - food cost & food security ?

• acknowledged “local entrepreneurship & innovativeness”

• 10-year target “10 000 GW.hr generated by 2013” and 1.7

GW operational in 2013.

• “early win” targets included bio-mass combustion (sugar

and wood) and solar water heating

• bio-mass was prominent (combustion prominent ?)

• technology development ! September 2015Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

the NERSA REFIT programme• 2nd quarter 2009 REFIT I announced

• 4th quarter 2009 REFIT II announced – incl. bio-gas

• 31 December 2009 – REFIT Gazetted

but without any provision for bio-gas ?

• 1st quarter of 2011 – REFIT disbanded

• August 2011 – REIPPP initiated

• 5 November 2012 – Financial closure on 1st round of

wind and solar projects


the DOE REIPPP Round 1• RSA REIPPP programme involved 28 projects

• 1,416 MW for a total investment of US$ 5.97 billion

• 18 PV technology – installed capacity of 632 MW

• 2 CSP technology – installed capacity of 150 MW

• 8 wind technology – installed capacity of 634 MW

• average cost of each project = R 2.763 billion per

project

• average cost of installed capacity = R 54.6 million per

MW installed


the DOE REIPPP Round 1• average cost of installed capacity = R 54.6 million per

MW installed

• if solar PV projects yield of 20% of installed capacity,

and if wind projects yield of 30%

• then average yield of round 1 ~ 24.5%

• then actual cost of solar PV & wind = R223 million per

MW generated (effective capacity)


bio-gas power in Germany


bio-gas power in Europe (2013)


RE in Germany


RE in Germany (2012)


RE in Germany


bio-gas & landfill gas in SA

• projects denied access to the national grid – REIPPP

• Durban landfill project – highly successful

• Johannnesburg Water – bio-gas from sewerage

• City of Windhoek – operational

• CAE Darling project – technical success @ <50%

utilisation

• Proven capital cost

– < R20 million per MW for landfill projects R1.35 / kW.hr

– < R30 million per MW for bio-gas projects R1.65 / kW.hrSeptember 2015

Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

an example in NamibiaGammams Water Care Works - Windhoek




an example in Namibia




bio-gas CHP units


Developed and

Manufactured in

South Africa

bio-gas CHP units

Developed and

Manufactured in

South Africa

bio-gas CHP units


Developed and

Manufactured in

South Africa

an example in South AfricaUilenkraal dairy farm – a source of bio-mass


power offtake is critical• commercial animal feed mill


local technology and design


Developed and

Manufactured in

South Africa

• Hybrid, mixed and heated plug flow

• Locally built bio-gas engines

bio-digester construction

The bio-gas & fertiliser plant

Anaerobic

bio-digester

Manure & waste

water mixing

Scraped manure collection Bio-Gas Generator (CHP)

Liquid bio-fertiliser storage

for land applicationSolids separator

FlareHeat to bio-

digester

Biogas to

generator

Biogas

to Flare

Electricity

Out

Bio-fertiliser

outCattle bedding

or bio-fertiliser

Solids

Liquid

Manure

& waste water slurry

in

Process heat out

for food processing

bio-gas plant generatorsDeveloped and

Manufactured in

South Africa

bio-gas plant generators

bio-gas plant electrical systems

Developed and

Manufactured in

South Africa


Jan and Feb 2015 – 2 generatorsNB: min. set to 5 kW, peak hourly demand = 406 kW (briefly 455 kW)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Po

we

r [k

W]

Time of Day

Uilenkraal Bio-Gas January and February

V12007 V12008 Eskom Bio-Gas TOTAL

bio-fertiliser – solid & liquid

the opportunity for bio-gas in SA

• piggeries – assume all pork is produced in modern pull-

plug piggery housing (23 MW)

• dairies – assume all dairies adopt TMR operations (125

MW)

• beef – assume all animals are finished in feedlots (56

MW)

• Total = 204 MW




0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Piggeries 2003

Poultry 2003

Cattle 2003

Piggeries 2020

Dairies 2020

Beef 2020

Ge

ne

rati

ng

Cap

acit

y [G

W}

2003 White Paper Estimation 2020 Estimation

the opportunity for bio-gas in SA• assume that dry maize crop residue, post harvesting,

can be digested to yield 33% of silage yield potential

3.5 GW from 3 million ha

• assume that wheat straw can be digested to yield 33%

of silage yield potential

0.3 GW from 600 000 ha

• assume perennial indigenous grass silage is cut from 3

million ha

5.2 GW

• total = 9 GW




0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Ge

ne

rati

ng

Cap

acit

y [G

W}

2003 White Paper Estimation 2020 Estimation

Landfill2015

Thank you for your attention. Any questions?

Andrew TaylorManaging Director

Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd

Documents

Landfill2015 - iwmsa.co.zaiwmsa.co.za/sites/default/files/downloads/21. A. Taylor-+landfill+... · Andrew Taylor Managing Director Cape Advanced Engineering (Pty) Ltd Landfill2015