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Landfill Methane Outreach Program 6th Annual Conference & Project Expo
January 7, 2003
Stephen S. KallandNC Solar Center - NC State University
(919) [email protected]
The North Carolina Solar Center:
Programs of Interest to LMOP
The North Carolina Solar Center
Created in 1988 as a “spin-off” of Solar House that was constructed in 1981 - became university center in 1992
NCSU College of Engineering
Mission: to help integrate renewable energy into state energy policy and portfolio for homes, schools, institutions, businesses, vehicles
Partners: NCSU College of Engineering, NC State Energy Office, NC Dept of Natural Resources, USDOE, NREL, DUKE Solar, IREC, NAIMA, BP, other corporations
Relevant Programs
NC GreenPower Industrial Extension Programs DSIRE Project National Interconnection Project
Net Metering and Simplified Interconnection (States and FERC)
NC GreenPower
NC Solar Center has seat on program Advisory Board and Strongly Supports LFG Technologies in the Program
Statewide Green Power Program
Demand Driven – 100 kWh Blocks Sold
Separate “Premium” and “Bulk Purchase” Products
Projected LFG Premium 3.3 ¢ – 2.5¢
Industrial Extension Programs
NCSU and the Solar Center NCSC RE Industrial Assessment
Program Industrial Extension Service (IES) Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) Industries of the Future (IOF)
Wood products, Chemicals, Agriculture, Mining
“North Carolina is a national pioneer in developing landfill gas utilization projects for small landfills. At the small Yancey/Mitchell County landfill a unique partnership of public, private, nonprofit, economic and educational consortiums worked together to implement a unique plan. A second project at Avery County has secured funding and the gas collection system will be installed in the fall of 2000.”
-- From EPA 430-R-00-010, A Primer on Developing North Carolina’s Landfill Gas Utilization Potential
EnergyXchange formed to develop the Yancey/Mitchell County landfill project.
DSIRE Project
Current & Accurate Information on Incentives, Programs & Policies
Access to Documentation & Legislation
Links to Program Websites
Contact Information
Search Capabilities
Summary Tables and Maps
DSIRE Project Modules
State Financial Incentives
State Regulatory Policies & Programs
Utility Programs & Incentives
Schools Going Solar
Local Gov’t & Community Programs & Incentives
Federal Incentives
Financial Incentives
Grants, Rebates & Loans Personal Tax Incentives Corporate Tax Incentives Sales Tax Incentives Property Tax Incentives Industry Recruitment Leasing & Sales Programs Production Incentives
Rules, Regulations & Policies
Public Benefits Funds Generation Disclosure Renewables Portfolio Standards Net Metering & Interconnection Line Extension Analysis Solar & Wind Access Laws Construction & Design Policies Contractor Licensing Equipment Certification Installer Certification/Accreditation Required Green Power Programs
Investment & Investment & Awareness
Education & Assistance Programs
Outreach & Research Centers Demonstration Projects Green Aggregation Green Pricing Programs
National Interconnection Project
Sponsored by IREC and US DOE www.irecusa.org/connect
Technical Assistance to States and Utilities for Developing Interconnection Rules Interconnection Workshops Direct Q&A Response
Project Serves As an Information Clearinghouse on Interconnection Issues Interconnection Newsletter “Connecting to the Grid” Website -
www.irecusa.org/connect
Interconnection Cost
This issue is seen as greatest barrier to DG by customer, DOE and EPA LMOP
Line study and upgrade cost need to be determined by CP&L in a timely fashion
Will require 100kVa 3 Ø transformer bank Can charge upgrade against Schedule CSP-
20B at 1% per month Metering requirements need to be
determined by CP&L, but should be less than $500
What Is Net Metering?
Allows customers to spin their meter backward, using excess renewable generation to offset utility-purchased electricity on a periodic basis (usually a monthly billing period, sometimes an annual period);
Effectively values all renewable generation (up to parity) at retail rates; any excess generation is sold at the lower ‘avoided cost’ rate, or is uncompensated;
Most meters used in residential and small commercial applications are bi-directional, making net metering easy to implement without meter replacement.
Status of Net Metering
~39 States have at least some areas with net metering available
Latest News: The Good - WY, DC, FL? The Bad (but not too bad) - OH The Ugly - CO, MO Others - KS, IN, UT, KY, WV
~39 states have “something”
Net Metering Programs:
Not All Are Created Equal
Net Metering For All Consumers
•7 States Limit by Class (i.e. Residential, Commercial, Industrial)
•12 States Do Not Include All Types of Electricity Providers (i.e. IOUs, Munis, and Coops)
Net Metering Programs:
Not All Are Created Equal
Simple Net Metering For All Consumers
The Next Step Is To Identify Which States Have Simple Procedures for Technical Interconnection and Contractual Agreements
Interconnection Issues
-No Simple Standard Agreement Form
-Interconnection Not Addressed or Requires More Than IEEE, UL and NEC only
Net Metering Programs:
Not All Are Created Equal
Interconnection: Technical Issues
The Problem: Utilities are responsible for maintaining the safety and
reliability of the grid, and have legitimate concerns about the interconnection of equipment to the network.
BUT, utilities face a conflict of interest because they have an incentive to discourage self-generation by customers.
The Solution: Uniform adherence to codes and standards developed
by nationally-recognized independent authorities, such as IEEE, UL, and NEC.
Technical Standards Adoption
Twenty-two states have adopted interconnection standards for net metering based on UL/IEEE
A number of additional states are addressing interconnection standards
States have started addressing interconnection standards outside of the net metering context -- very important for larger RE applications not eligible for net metering
Solid - rules process completeStriped - rules process in progress
Adoption of Technical Standards
Adoption Is Not Implementation
Streamlining interconnection involves three essential steps:
Development of standards => (almost) DONE!
Adoption of standards => IN PROGRESS . . .
Implementation of standards => STILL TO COME . . .
Example -- California: Implementation required nearly five years, and required the repeated intervention of the legislature, the PUC, the CEC, CalSEIA and other stakeholders
FERC Interconnection – Small Generators
Would standardize interconnection for all generator interconnections
FERC has expedited procedures for small generators under 20 MW
Small Generator representatives detailed the 20 MW exemption for: 2 to 20 MW | below 2 MW
Application Process Overview
Scope of process shrinks considerably when expedited
ANOPR defines a series of criteria depending on size threshold
Generator Application
>20MW?
Full Application
Process
Interconnect Agreement
>2MW?
Expedited Application
Process Super Expedited
Application Process
Meets Criteria?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Size Threshold Categories
Less than 2 MW (Attachment A) certified equipment de minimis grid impact no transmission Load response only?
2-20MW (Attachment B) check for transmission impacts could follow Att. A
When will all of this be over?
Consensus document filed Nov. 14 Comments due on ANOPR – Dec 20 FERC “Queing” Technical
Conference – Jan 21 FERC to issue proposed Rule ~
Feb/Mar New rule in place ~ May/June 2003
For More Information
Interconnection & Green Power Issues
Steve KallandAssociate Director,
Policy and Development
NC Solar Center at NC State University
DSIRE Project
Sue GouchoeManager, Policy AnalysisNC Solar Center at NC
State [email protected]
