Land Reforms in India_ Bhoodan Movement & Vinoba Bhave

8/10/2019 Land Reforms in India_ Bhoodan Movement & Vinoba Bhave

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7/4/2014 Land Reforms in India: Bhoodan Movement & Vinoba Bhave

http://mrunal.org /2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html

Mrunal

polity| 21 8 months ago[Land Reforms] Bhoodan, Gramdan, Jan

Satyagraha2012 & other Non

Governmental Movements: Achievements, obstacles,

limitations

@All:Happy New Year, resolve

to study hard, revise harder,

crack the exams and get your

dream jobs.

1. Prologue

2. Bhoodan Movement

(Donation of Land)

1. Bhoodan:

Mechanism/procedure/features

2. Bhoodan: Positive

3. Bhoodan: Obstacles, Limitations, Problems

3. Gramdan (Donation of the Entire Village)

1. Gramdan: Concept/Principles2. Gramdan Mechanism

3. Gramdan: Benefits

4. Pardi Satyagraha, Gujarat, 50s

5. Great Land Struggle, 1970s

6. Land for Til lers Freedom (LAFTI), Tamil Nadu, 80s

7. Land Satyagraha, Chattisgarh, late 80s

8. Bhu-Adhikar Abhiyan, MP, 1996

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http://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html 2

9. Janadesh, 2007

10. Jan Satyagraha 2012

1. #1: General Demands

2. #2: PESA related Demands:

3. #3: Forest Rights Act (FRA) related Demands

4. Outcome of J an Satyagraha 2012?

11. Mock Questions

Prologue

So far weve seen: British Tenure system, peasant revolts and

three main land reforms after independence viz. (1) Zamindari

Abolition (2) Land ceiling (3) Tenancy protection Acts.

In this article, well check some peoples/NGO/Civil society

movements for land reforms in India. Theirachievements/limitations. by the Naxalbari related matter ignored

here. Youll find neat coverage ot it under September competition

under internal security folder click me

In the next article well come back to government actions:

cooperative farming, consolidation of land holdings and

computerization of records.

@Mains 2013 Players: If running out of time and find this

article too lengthy then just read Bhoodan+Gramdan+directly

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http://mrunal.org /2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html 3

Jan Satyagraha 2012 and skip the topi cs in between.

Bhoodan Movement (Donation of Land)

1951

First Bhoodan in village Pochampalli, Nalgonda District, Andhra (the

hotbed of Telengana movement)By local Zamindar V. Ramchandra

Reddy to Vinoba Bhave.

1953Jayaprakash Narayan withdrew from active politics to join the

Bhoodan movement

Bhoodan movement had two components:

1. Collect land as gift from zamindars and rich farmers.

2. Redistribute that gifted/donated land among the landless farmers.

Bhoodan: Mechanism/procedure/features

1. (Hierarchy) Vinoba: Sarvodaya Samaj=> Pradesh Bhoodan

Committees in each region=> local committees and individual

social workers @grassroot.

2. He and his followers were to do padayatra (walk on foot from

village to village). Persuade the larger landowners to donate at

least one-sixth of their lands.

3. Target= 50 million acres. (~1/6 of total cultivable land in India)

4. When a Zamindar/rich farmer gifts/donates a land, the Bhoodan

worker would prepare a deed.

5. These Deeds forwarded to Vinoba Bhave @Sevagram for

signature.

6. Bhoodan Worker took help of Gram Panchayat, PAtwari (village

accountant) to survey the beneficiaries and land fertility.

7. First preference given to landless agricultural laborers, then to

farmers with insufficient land.

8. A date was fixed, entire village gathered and the beneficiary family

was given land.

9. Those who receive the donation are asked to sign a printed

application requesting for land, after which they are presented

with certificates of having received land.

10. No fees charged from the beneficiary.

11. Beneficiary was expected to cultivate the land for atleast 10 years.

He should start within three years of the receipt of land.

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Slow progress

While nearly 4.5 million acres of Bhoodan land was

available- barely 6.5 lakh acres was actually distributed

among 200,000 families (1957)

In some cases the donors took back their land from the

Bhoodan workers for certain reasons.

This created doubts in the minds of some people about

the continuity of the movement.

Bribes

village leaders, or allotting authorities, demanded money

from the poor for recommending their names for

allotment. As a result, many underserving villagers also got

land e.g those already having land/ those involved in trade-

commerce.

Greed

Bhoodan movement created land hunger among

landless.Some of them applied multiple times in the name

of wives, children etc. to get more and more free land.

Donating

bogus land

big landlords donated those land which were unfit for

cultivation (or under court litigation). Such donations

served no real purpose.

Disputed land

Sometimes Bhoodan workers would even accept

disputed land as gift. Without verification.

Later the Matter would be stuck in court litigations and

beneficiary would get nothing.

Politicization

In the later phase, Bhoodan workers got associated

with one or another political parties. Some of them

tried to use the Bhoodan organization as a means to

gain political clout and dividends at the time of

election.

Thus as the years passed, Bhoodan workers lost

credibility and respect among villagers=>land gifts

declined.

Bribes

Since Bhoodan workers became political agents, Some

landlords / Ex-Zamindars donated land as bribe to

Bhoodan workers- with hope of getting favourable

returns e.g. ticket in local election, road-contracts,

building contracts etc.

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And if they (landlords) were not given such favours-

theyd forcibly take back the Bhoodan land from the

beneficiary later on.

Support

Mere allotment of land=insufficient. Because landless

farmer also needed seeds, fertilizer, irrigation etc.

Often the beneficiary couldnt arrange loans for theseinputs.

bureaucratic

apathy

District officials were slow and inefficient in finishing

the formalities of Bhoodan land transfers.

donated land remained idle for a number of years and

the revenue for it had to be paid by the donor.

Fragmentation

1. The average size of land given to beneficiary=0.5 to 3

acres.

2. Result: land fragmentation + diseconomies of scale +

disguised unemployment without any noticeable rise

in agro-production.

Marxist

Criticism

3. Bhoodans main purpose was to serve as a brake on

the revolutionary struggle of the peasants

4. Thus idea of Bhoodan= reactionary, classcollaborationist.

Missed the

bigger picture

5. Bhoodan based on Gandhian idea of trusteeship. Some

Socialists wanted this movement to realize the

potential of trusteeship and launch mass civil

disobedience against injustice.

6. The Sarvodaya Samaj, however, on the whole failed to

make this transition: to build an active large-scale mass

movement that would generate irresistible pressure

for social transformation in large parts of the country.

All these loopholes, slowly and steadily, made the movement

dysfunctional.

1999: Bihar government dissolved the State Bhoodan Committee

for its inability to distribute even half the Bhoodan land available

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over the past thirty-eight years.

Thus, Vinobas lofty ideal remained more as a philosophy and was

never realized fully.

Gramdan (Donation of the Ent ire Vil lage)

First

Gramdan

1952: by the village of Mongroth in U.P.1955: Orissa, Koratpur

district.

At a later phase, this progamme was extended to other states in

Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,

Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

Gramdan: Concept/Principles

1. Gramdan may be defined as an experiment in collective villageliving.

2. Original idea comes from Gandhis reply to Jamnalal Bajaj: it is

far better for a hundred families in a village to cultivate their land

collectively and divide the income therefrom than to divide the

land any how into a hundred portions.

3. Vinoba Bhave popularized ^this concept of Gandhi.

Gramdan Mechanism

The villagers have to sign a declaration saying, We are vesting the

ownership of all our land to the Gram Sabha of the village.

1. This Gram Sabha/ Village council will unanimously nominate ten

to fifteen persons who will form an executive Committee.

2. This executive Committee will be responsible for the day-to-day

administration of the village.

3. The decisions of the Committee will be ratified by the Council.

In other words, Gramdan=A Gram Sabha like institution collectively

owned and managed entire land/farms of the villagers.

Gramdan: Bene fits

1. In an ideal gramdan village, there will be no landowners, and no

absentee landlords.

2. The labourers will give all their earnings to the village community,

exam is over.


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which will then distribute it according to needs.

3. Thus, gramdan acts as the ideal unit for putting the principles in

the practice, From each according to his ability, to each according

to his needs.

By 1960 Approx.Gramdan Villages

Orissa 1900+

MH 600

Kerala 550

Andhra 480+

Madras 250

Gramdan movement was considered superior to the Bhoodan

movement because:

BHOODAN GRAMDAN

land fragmentation, inefficient cultivation,

distribution of poverty, decline in marketable

surplus , donation of uncultivable land, legal

and other difficulties of redistribution, etc.

Nope

Nope Economies of scale

Benefits only the person who gets the landSarvodaya of entire village.

Everyone benefits.

Nope

possible to correlate

with economic planning

in the country.

2nd FYP recognized

that Gramdan villagehave great significance

for co-operative village

development.

Limitation of Gramdan?Gramdan was successful mainly in villages

where class differentiation had not yet emerged and there was little if

any disparity in ownership of land or other property. E.g. Tribal


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villages. But didnt find cooperation from other villages in the plains

or villages near urban centers.

Pardi Satyagraha, Gujarat, 50s

WHO

1. Socialist workers: Iswarbhai Desai, Ashok Mehta.

2. Kisan Panchayat: a non-political body with no affiliation to any

political party.

3. Tribals from Pardi and Dharmpur Taluka

WHEN 1953-1967

Why?

1. 75% of the agro land was owned by 100 big landlords.

2. These landlords were not interested in farming. They kept theland as such- so grass automatically grew and sold profitably in

Bombay fodder trade.

3. Local tribals would get labour work in such fodder-farms for only

1-2 months during harvesting. They remained jobless and starving

for remaining months. While the landlords made decent profit

with almost none investment or efforts.

OBJECTIVES/FEATURES/ACTION:

Redistribution of land was not on their agenda. (Themselves

declared it)

Satyagrahi would enter in the private land and start tilling to grow

foodcrops and court arrest.

Tribals to boycott grass cutting work. even outside labour would

not be allowed do the work. Picketing. As a result, the grass dried

up at many places.

With time, movement found support from public and politicalparties

Bhoodan and Gramdan movements also started but failed thanks

to poor response from landlords.

Result? Almost #EPICFAIL because:

1. 1960, Gujarat created out of Bombay state. New state government

made some promises=>Iswarbhai and other Satyagrahi joined the


10/23


http://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles- limitations.html 10

Congress party. Hence momentum/pressure was lost.

2. 1965: War between India Pakistan. The CM (Balwant Rai Mehta)

died in plane crash. New CM (Hitendra Desai) did not show much

interest in fulfilling promises made by previous CM.

3. Landlords went to Gujarat Highcourt court. Although HC rejected

their plea, but state government did not show any urgency to

implement the agreements.4. 1966: Ishwarbhai Desai decide to quit congress and launch a new

Satyagraha, but he died. And others were unable to provide

effective leadership/direction to the movement.

5. 1967: A new agreement between the government, the landlords

and the Satyagrahis. But the implementation carried out at a

snails pace.

Great Land Struggle, 1970s

WHEN 1970s

WHO?

Bhartiya Khet Mazdoor Union, All India Kisan Sabha and

Communist Party of India

Nearly 15 lakh agricultural workers, poor peasants, the tribals,

workers and the poor from the towns

Trade unions and students, the youth and the womens

organizations came forward and directly participated in the

struggle.

TYPE militant mass movement

WHY?

to highlight the fact that land is concentrated in the hands of a few

landlords, former princess, zamindars and monopolists and to

alert public attention to the urgent need for radical agrarian

reforms.

OBJECTIVES/ACTIONS

1. Occupy the government lands, forest lands, the land belonging to

landlords, monopolist, black marketeers.

2. Start cultivating on ^above land

3. Landless fightfor full ownership of land

4. Tenants fightto reduce rent

5. Tribals fightfor tribal land grabbed by forest contractors and


11/23



moneylenders from the plains.

6. Urban poors fightfor vacant land for housing

7. Everyone fightto get radical amendments to the present ceiling

laws and distribution of surplus land.

TWO PHASES:

PHASE What Who?

JULY,

1970

Occupying government land

and forest land

all the states, except Andhra

Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Manipur

and J & K,

AUGUST,

1970

Occupying huge farms of

landlords, former princes,

Monopolists like Birlas etc.

all states, except Assam (due to

heavy flood) and Kerala (due to

Mid-term election) participated.

Overall, More than 2 lakh acres of land was occupied, more than

lakhs of people arrested.

OUTCOMES

1. While Bhoodan movement silently faded away from public

memory and political arena silently, but the great land Satyagraha,

created ripples in the public mind and ruling party.

2. Before the land struggle, the Union and the state governmentsnever felt the urgency of solving the land problem. But now, Every

state government came out with figures & plans to distribute

wasteland among the poor.

3. For the first time, land distribution started in actual practice, and

some landless people got Pattas of land.

4. Birlas were exposed as the biggest land grabber of India. Their

farms in Uttaranchal and Punjab were distributed to farm

labourers.5. Government appointed Central Land Reform Committee to

address agrarian inequalities in the country.

Land for Til lers Freedom (LAFTI) , Tamil Nadu, 80s

LAFTI was founded by Krishnammal and her husband Jagannathan in

1981.

Features/Actions by LAFTI


12/23



1. Earlier we saw how rich farmers in Tamilnadu transfereed their

land to fake trusts/charitable organizations/ schools, hospitals

and dharrnashalas to avoid land ceiling.

2. LAFTI organized people against such illegal holdings and pleaded

government to takeover such land and redistribute it among the

landless poor.

3. Highlighted the loopholes in the land related acts. LAFTI

petitioned the President of India about the weaknesses in the

Benami transection ordinance and how landlords evaded ceilings.

4. Negotiated with banks and landlords for a reasonable price for

the purchase of land. And then redistributed it among landless.

5. Generally, the nationalized bank charged a high rate of interest

(14%) for offering loan for the land transfer projects. LAFTI

appealed to the government of India to reduce interest rate to 4%.

6. Requested government to waive stamp-duty and registration fees

for transferring land to landless.

7. Started its own banking scheme, titled LAFTI Land Bank, by

involving 10000 landless families. These 10000 people deposited.

Re. 1 per day or Rs. 10 per week or Rs. 500 per year for five years.

8. With this money and help from the government in the form of

exemption of stamp duties and registration fees, LAFTI planned to

transfer 500 acres of land per year to the landless families.

Land Satyagraha, Chattisgarh, late 80s

CAUSES/REASONS:

1. Land ceiling act were not implemented because nexus between

the land mafia, landlords, bureaucrats, politicians.

2. Under governments land distribution schemes- the landless were

provided with Pattas (land ownership document) but landmafias /

rich farmers / forest contractors did not allow them to physicallyoccupy the land.

3. State Government made it mandatory for all the landlords to give

back tribal land to the tribals. But these landlords would appeal in

higher courts and matter kept pending for years.

4. The tribals lacked the money and means to fight such legal

battles. State government didnt come to their help.

5. Most of the landless were SC/ST. They were forcibly pushed out of


13/23



their ancestral land, working as bonded labour because of

indebtedness to the rich landlords or village traders.

6. By 1980s, there were 4000 bonded labourers in Raipur district

alone.

PROGRESS/RESULT:

1988: Land Satyagraha launched in Raipur district. Spearheadedby bonded labours

Slogan Action

Zamin Ka Faisla,

Zamin Par Hoga

(All land issues will

be settled on the

land itself).

Staging dharnas (sit-ins), hunger strikes on the

disputed land.

All the concerned officials, including from police to

Patwari, Tehsildar to magistrate should come the

disputed land and settle the matter.

Zamin Do Ya Jail

Do (give us land

or imprisonment).

Peasants would court arrest and go to jail in a

peaceful manner.

1993: thousands of villages courted arrest

Finally government officials refused to arrest

people as there was no room left in Jails.

Chakka-Jam Blocking traffic on the mains roads.

Jaun Khet man

nagar Chalahi,

wohi khet ke malik

ho (land to the

tiller)

directly plough the fields with or without

government intervention.

At almost all the places, the poor, landless, and

small farmers went in large numbers with their

ploughs and bullocks, to register their claim over

the ancestral land.

At some places people were able to register their

control over the land, whereas in other places theofficial, in connivance with the landlords and the

powerful politician, forcibly dispossessed the

people from the land.

The land Satyagraha initiated a new dimension, a new movement,

among the people to take control over their resources.


14/23



Bhu-Adhikar Abhiyan, MP, 1996

Ekta Parishad is an NGO from Madhya Pradesh (1984). On principles

of Samvad, Sangharsh, Rachna (dialogue, struggle and construction).

They conducted survey in MP and found two main problems faced by

SC/ST:

1. Land belonging to Scheduled tribe was illegally sold to outsiders

thanks to land mafia, forest contractors and corrupt bureaucrats.

2. Non Occupant Patta Holder leased their land poor farmers

(occupant cultivators) and exploited them via high rent and

random eviction.

Ekta Parishad has launched a peoples movement with the following

objectives.

3. Give Patta (land ownership document) to occupant cultivators.

4. To oppose the policy of inviting tenders from private companies,

instead of giving land to the landless.

5. To enforce joint ownership of husband and wife on the property.

(recall the lack of gender equity in land ownership)

6. Scrap the afforestation programmes funded by the World Bank.

Because the money was misused.

7. To resolve the problems of settlement of revenue land.

Result? Government appointed a Committee but it was meaningless

eyewash.

Janadesh, 2007

By Ekta Parishad and sister organization / civil society / NGOs

~25000 landless tillers, labourers, Dalits and tribals, who have

been deprived of their land rights, marched from Gwalior to Delhi

to assert the land rights of the poor.

Demands?

1. Enact national land rights act.

2. setup national land authority.

3. setup land reforms council

4. fast track courts for land reforms

Result? These demands were met at least half-way by the


15/23



government, but implementation and follow-up was poor.

Jan Sa tyagr aha 2012

About Ekta Parishad (NGO) so far weve seen:

80s

Ekta Parishad had been working for Land reforms in MP since

the 80s.=>State government setup committee just for eyewash.

2007

They organized Jansandesh. Government agreed but

implementation was poor.

2008-

10

they consulted with many other NGOs/organizations to form a

broader alliance for land rights.

trained community leaders and activists from the weaker

sections to run the next peaceful movement

2011

started Jan Satyagraha Samvad Yatra over 24 states to hold

public meetings and dialogues with people.

2012

Ekta Parishad founder P.V. Rajagopal started Jan Satyagraha

Yatra (foot march) from Gwalior on 1stOctober 2012.

Their plan was to reach Delhi with 1 lakh people by 28 thOctober

2012.But Jairam (rural ministry that time), agreed with their demands

and hence Yatra stopped @Agra.

Jan Satyagraha 2012 demanded following:

#1: Ge neral Demands

1. Bhoodaan Land= do physical verification again and take back land

from encroachers/ineligible persons.

2. Womens Land Rights: To ensure that land owned by a family is

recoded either in the name of a woman or jointly in the name of

the man and the woman.

3. Revisit land ceiling laws- implement them effectively.

4. Identify of lands encroached by ineligible persons and restore it

back to original owner.

5. Identify tribal lands alienated to the non-tribals and restore it


16/23



back.

6. Use MNREGA etc. schemes to doing irrigation projects, land

development, wasteland restoration etc. activities.

7. If government acquired land for industrial projects but it was

untilized=>give it back to poors.

8. Written Records of tenancy to help tenant farmers get bank loans.

9. Protect/provide burial grounds and pathway to burial grounds,especially to the most vulnerable communities in the villages;

10. Land record management in most transparent manner

11. Statutory State Land Rights Commissions to monitor the progress

of land reform.

12. State governments need to run campaigns to give land to

Nomads and settle them permanently.

13. Protect the land rights of following vulnerable groups

Tribal Groups

Single Women

HIV Affected People

Siddhis (Gujarat &

Karnatka)

Fisherfolks

Slum inhabitants

Hawkers

Leprosy affected people

Physically /Mentally Challenged People

Tea Tribes

Salt/Mine/Bidi Workers

Pastoral communities

Bonded Labourers

Internally Displaced People (due to

infra.projects)

#2: PESA re lated Demands:

1. Harmonize state revenue laws with PESA 1996, to give gram sabha

the power over land matters.

2. For any sale/mortgage of land in the village- Gram Sabha must be

notified in writing.

3. For any changes in land records, Gram Sabha must be notified in

writing.

4. authorize Gram Sabha to call for relevant revenue records,

5. conduct a hearing and direct the SDMs to conduct hearings and

restore illegally occupied land

6. Expand the list of Schedule V villages to include more eligible

villages under PESA

7. Enforce in letter and spirit, the Samata Judgment in all acquisition

of tribal land for private companies


17/23



8. Governments need to make amendments in State laws that are in

conflict with PESA within a period of one year.

#3: Fore st Rights Act (FRA) related Demands

1. bank loan facilities for land grander under FRA

2. Give land rights to tribals who were earlier displaced due to

National Parks and Wild life Sanctuaries

3. Settlement of Forest Rights before land acquisition related

projects are started.

4. The primitive tribal groups dont have any documents/evidences

to prove their occupation of land/residence. So they must be

exempted from furnishing of evidence of residence as required

under Forest Rights Act.

5. Orange Areas in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, where large

extent of land is under dispute between Revenue Department andthe Forest Department =>settle this matter immediately.

Outcome of J an Satyagraha 2012?

Jan Satyagraha leaders agreed to discontinue their march, after Rural

ministry agreed to setup Task Force on Land Reforms to implement

the following agenda:

Agenda Union government agreed that:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/97816112@N02/10665961463/


18/23



National

land

reform

policy

Land reform is state subject but we will come up with a national

land reform policy- with inputs from state governments, civil

society and public.

laws

like MNREGA and Forest rights act, well come up with new laws

for

1. giving land to poors in backward districts

2. guarantee 10 cents of homestead to every landless poor

household in entire India.

rightswell advice state governments to implement their existing laws

to protect the land rights of SC/ST.

Tribunals

well work with States to run Fast Track Land Tribunals/Courts

for speedy disposal of land dispute related cases particularly

involving SC/ST.

PESA

Rural ministry with work with Tribal ministry and Panchayati raj

ministry + state governments for implementation of PESA 1996.

(but then why were you sleeping all these years?)

FRATribal ministry has issued revised rules for Forest rights Act

2006. Well ask States to implement them quickly.

Survey

well ask states to setup joint teams of forest+Revenue officials

to do the survey of the forest and revenue boundaries to

resolve disputes

Mock Questions

12/15m

1. Critically examine the philosophy, the concept and the working of

Bhoodan and Gramdan movements in India.

2. It is far better for a hundred families in a village to cultivate their

land collectively and divide the income therefrom than to divide

the land any how into a hundred portions. Comment.

3. Write a note on the Lacunae in Bhoodan and Gramdan

Movements.

4. Bhoodan was an experiment in Gandhian idea of trusteeship.

Comment.


19/23



Lucent's General Know...

Rs.180

Rs.144

Objective General Eng...

Rs.225

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Lucent's Sam anya Gyan

PB

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A MODERN APPROACH

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Rs.800

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Quantitative Aptitude...

Rs.725

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5. Evaluate the impact of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements as

measures of land reforms. In what way Gramdan was superior to

Bhoodan movement?

6. Discuss the significant movements initiated by people for land

reforms in India after independence.

7. critically evaluate non-governmental initiatives in the area of land

reform8. Explain the four significant outcomes of the great land struggle

9. Write a note on the demands and outcomes of Jan Satyagraha

2012.

Previously in thiscategory

[Land

Reforms]Consolidatio

n of Land

Holdings,

Cooperative

Farming,

Computerizat

ion of Land

records:

features,

benefits,

limitations

[Land

Reforms]

Tenancy

Reform,

Tenancy

protection

Acts in India,

features,

benefits,

obstacles,

limitations,

impact,
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Tags: Land Reforms

21

evaluation

[Land Reforms] Ceiling on Land holdings: Reasons,

Impact, Obstacles, Limitations, Achievements

[Land Reforms] Pos t Independence: Aboli tion of

Zamindari, Reasons, Impact, Obstacles, Limitations,First Amendment

[Land Reforms] Role of Indian Congress in Land

reforms during the British Raj, Gandhis Views on Land

Reforms, All India Kisan Sabha

Geetanjali 04/11/2013 at 13:54

Reply

Sir please tell my cgl teir 1 2013 marks my roll no is 2201158469. I didnt crack

the tier 1 but I want to know how much marks I got? My Id is

[email protected]

Pradeep 04/11/2013 at 18:10

Reply

Geetanjali. Your score is 78.

04/11/2013 at 14:36

Reply

Mrunal bhai , My best wishes for a Happy New Year to you and your ever

increasing list of subscribers.

dr pavan 04/11/2013 at 21:49

Reply

thanks to evry one for their contribution to oct. monthly writing competition.

your information is verily helpful. thank you.

AJAY KR. SINGH 04/11/2013 at 23:07

Reply

apart from land reforms welfare what are the

others area where such movements can be initiated ?
http://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-tenancy-reform-tenancy-protection-acts-in-india-features-benefits-obstacles-limitations-impact-evaluation.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html?replytocom=104195#respondhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html/comment-page-1#comment-104195http://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html?replytocom=104176#respondhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html/comment-page-1#comment-104176http://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html?replytocom=104121#respondhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html/comment-page-1#comment-104121http://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html?replytocom=104152#respondhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html/comment-page-1#comment-104152mailto:[email protected]://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html?replytocom=104107#respondhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html/comment-page-1#comment-104107http://mrunal.org/2013/10/land-reforms-role-of-indian-congress-in-land-reforms-during-the-british-raj-gandhis-views-on-land-reforms-all-india-kisan-sabha.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/10/land-reforms-post-independence-abolition-of-zamindari-reasons-impact-obstacles-limitations-first-amendment.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/10/land-reforms-ceiling-on-land-holdings-reasons-impact-obstacles-limitations-achievements.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-tenancy-reform-tenancy-protection-acts-in-india-features-benefits-obstacles-limitations-impact-evaluation.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/tag/land-reformshttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/land-reforms-bhodan-gramdan-jan-satyagraha-2012-other-non-governmental-movements-achievements-obstacles-limitations.html/print/http://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify?uri=CivilServiceExam


21/23



parul rai 05/11/2013 at 08:33

Reply

I m from Nagpur but my center is hyderabad

Anyone taking mains exam in hyderabad???

Wheres ur center..

shailesh surve 05/11/2013 at 09:57

Reply

happy new year sir

very nice article

thank you

pankaj verma 05/11/2013 at 11:51

Reply

May u Live Long:

I have been following your blog for two years now and its a fact that topics

covered on your blog r much better in comprehensiveness and

contemporaneous than those of coachings and books in the market .Besides

,your writing skills and presentation is so lucid and attractive.Thanks a lot for

ur endeavour.Hope u will continue with your benevolent work

vinoth 05/11/2013 at 11:59

Reply

No more articles till new year???

yuvika 05/11/2013 at 12:41

Reply

cant we me mention abt naxalbari mvt here ?? as it ws initially started to

initiate land reforms??? please tell I m comfused

Mrunal 05/11/2013 at 15:41

Reply

yes you can. More details: internal security folder under this google

drive link

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0DPgaYAtDgmQUNCLXgtYzR6VUU/edit

usp=sharing&pli=1

meenakshi 05/11/2013 at 16:09

Reply

hieeee.. i read ur crrent affairs notesfor p.0. there was a word spelled

majoori .. wat was that??

Divyanshu 06/11/2013 at 21:46

Reply

the word means majduri(labour

)

Deepti 05/11/2013 at 20:10

Sir plzzz publish some more articles on ethics???? All these articles are really

beneficial for us.. reAlly thanx
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rajni 06/11/2013 at 13:58

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sir, thanks for providing such materials to aspirants. but sir, how to organise

your posts for revision just before exams. kindly help, as taking print of all

posts is a tedious and costly job.

sara 07/11/2013 at 18:34

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anyone having center at rohini sec 23 would like to share cab from karol

bagh?

shipra 08/11/2013 at 09:43

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Hi Mrunal !! Can I find archieve of all/ most of your articles at one place in PDF

form ?

arun 12/11/2013 at 13:48

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thank u sir.

ashish sharma 14/11/2013 at 02:38

Reply

happy new year sir :)

Karthik 04/12/2013 at 00:14

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Mrunal bhai,

Accept my humble pranams for this article. Solid 10 marks attempted thanks

to this piece. :)

anugya singh 31/01/2014 at 21:25

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dear sir ,

i am not able to download current affairs material 2012 from this site for

international relations topic !! can u give me a fresh link?

!

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Documents

Land Reforms in India_ Bhoodan Movement & Vinoba Bhave