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'LAND, DAIRY PRODUCTION AND RURAL POPULATION PROSPECTS IN COASTAL N.S.W., ¥ITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
THE MACLEAY VALLEY.'
by
Peter Laut
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Australian National University.
May 1969
Appendix II Maps of sample farms (separate volume for overseas examiners only).
( a )
Higher Levee Rarely Innundated For More Than A Few Hours-Mostly Suitable
J / ^ ' Lower Levee / Shghtly Above _ , . , ' Frequently / Water-Table-Constantiy. Below Water - 'Water-Tat ^ Inundated Wet - Buffalo - Blue \Table Permanent/Constantly
ICover Of '
^Swampland-Alway^ Slightly Above \ Permanent tlV, Below Water- 'Water-Table / /Swamp
nuui b-iviubiiy oui muic ' Seldom Couch Cover Of / Wet-Buffal^ For Cultivation - Kikuyu /Cultivated^ - No Micro Relief ^ — Dog-nut Gras^-Blue Coucty White Clover /Kikuyu > -10'-12'Dro£ From'' -"Drought / / Little Or No Micro-Relief/White ^^ Drops 4'-5'From Road ^ ^^
' Micro--' ^ ^ l i e f ;
/Drops 6-8
Rogsl /
55
Relief'Grazing /
I I
; 17 17
/ Scattered Ti- / / Tree And '
Oak
4 6
Dense Ti-Tree And Oak
/
\ ) / / / /
/ /
Scale ; 10 chn . I inch
( b )
(Commonry Fresh \Water
Sand- Dunes - Densely Timbered
-From Sea Level To 50'-60 -Mostly Sloping Surface 7°-10°
/ \ / ) I T
O
i E I a-o ? I , a; 1 "2 fc J > > 1 c o \ in E I
I i S o I I
/swampland^ V With \ Reeds
N /
10
Wide Variety Of Timbers Including Some Redgums,Apples,Ti-Tree And Stringy bark-Also Wide Variety Of Acacios V
This Section Of Farm Now Not Effectively Fenced-Used Only As A "Common" During Periods Of Flood
S c a l e ^ 10 chn^ I i n ch
H i g h e r Levee D e n s e K i k u y u A n d Wh i t e Clovi P a s t u r e - A l l F a r m Bu r l dmgs ' L o c a t e d A l o n g Th i s A r e a
(a)
L o w e r A l l u v i u m B u f f a l o W i t h Some C o u c h A l o n g Lower M a r g i n s
D e n s e T i - T r e e S c r u b \ \ \ C o v e r i n g L o w S a n d R i d g e
Dense K i k u y u A n d W h i t e C l o v e r .
- C a r r i e s M a j o r i t yy^ Of C u l t i v a t e d / A r e a s '
I Low Couch Swamp\ J W' th O c c a s i o n a l ,
S w a m p /^^Oak^A j nd . T , - T r e e >
/ Reedy i ( Tus sock , ; 1 0 2 )
/ S e m i - t l e a r e d , S c a t t e r e d ' S a n d R i d g e I T,-TreeAnd S c a t t e r e d E u c a l y p t s Oak S w a m p P o o r P a s t u r e s
W i t h C u t G r a s s D o m i n a t i n g
U n e v e n Low S a n d R i d g e - S c a t t e r e d E u c a l y p t s On H i g h e r ^ S e c t i o n s ( M a i n l y ' o / B l o o d w o o d O S o m e . O} I A c a c i o s A n d D e n s e X / T i - T r e e S c r u b ^^ / A l o n g L o w e r / -V ^ L e v e l s ^^
2 4
1 / 1 5 5
S e a l e 2 0 c h n I i n c h
r\D
( b )
Tal l Reed S w a m p - D e e p W a t e r
\
41 \ N
\
Low Couch S w a m p With S c a t l e r e d Patches Of T i - T r e e A n d Oak A n d Reeds Reedy Tussock Common T h r o u g h o u t
72
/
/ /
/
/
Sca le : 10 chn • I inch
. L o w e r Slopes ^.pver Sedimentary
^ ^ R o c k s - S p a r s e rr»»i'o Pnctnre \ N a l u r a l Pastures N L i t t l e P a s t u r e
/
/ \ I \
Bloodwood,Wattle B a n k s i o
P( 9
/
V 20 •—
H i g h Steeply Sloping ""v B iackbut t Ridge With Dense Undergrowth Of v W a t t l e And Banks ia \
24
i • (f •• -; ' .f:
V
(a)
SLADsrof f
(b)
TO LOFTUS BRIDGE , Swampy Depression
/ With Scattered Oak / ,'->.And/ '
/Ti-Jree Rermcnent Swamp 45
C" -f'S'ScofT '-"F rNa?uro>
Cleared Heavily
Scale ^20 chn ^ I inch
Low Alluviols , \ -K i kuyu With
Low \ Some Buffalo \ Levee Along Lower _ . \ \ Morgin ^ ^ ^
/
-Kikuyuv \ Swamp-VF^astures \ euffglo.And
^Provides Most Cultivation Land
2 3 \Rushes
.Couch Along \ Margins ^ With Some
S c a l e = 10 c h n ^ I i n c h
\ \
( b )
/
I
LowSoncI Moinly I
\ Oak And.' Ti-Treel
A \ \ \
N
7- ^ ' \
I
Lightly Timbered
\
\ \
Oak Swamp ! Heavily \ . Timbered \ \
\ \ \Ti-Tree
\ \ I \ ^ ^
hallow I LighMy wcmp V^ imbered
\ \
High Sand Dune Heavily Timbered
75
, Rush A Swamp /
\ \
I Low Sand \ I Moinly ^
T, - Tree
20
/ Some Oak''
\ \ \ \ \ \ High Sand Dune
y \ Heavily Timbered \ \
Low Sond Moinly Ti^Tree
Rush Swamp
S c a l e 10 c h n : I i n c h
r / - 4 -
\
Slightly Above Water-Table In Dry Seasons Water Buffalo-Blue Coucti Rush Tussock
. ^ Some Blody Tussock \
Below Water, Table
-Classed^ As
\ Swamps ^ ^With ^Scattered
31
10'-15'Below Road Level
w / Higher Levee . ^»/Rarelylnundated
Q/ Mostly c( Cultivable 4,/-Kikuyu And 5 1 White Clover
26
S c a l e ^ 10 c h n ^ I i n c h
( b )
Southern Boundary Fence In Very Poor Condit ion -No Sub-Div is ion Fences
S c a l e • 1 5 c h n ^ I i n c h ( j i
' \
I \
• 2 1 -
T i -Tree / / H i g h e r S o n d - / ^ j / ( P » i m A r - . ' ' ' / / I Dunes
'Oak Swamp- / land / Lovy Son~d'Dunes /
' ' ' / / / \ ' V / I I /
/ I
1 I
\ ^ ,'Ti-Tree (Cover /
/T i -T ree l / VCover / \ ^ /
I V 1
J Tree vCover ;
Open Swampland
/ / / /
/ I
' 8 7 5 (
Higher S a n d - D u n e s
Fairly I > /Low 1 ' Sand-\ I Dunes /-Low
I Scrub \ Cover vMa ln l y
\AcaciasV
Rush Swampland
N
Heavi ly T imbered ]
1 1 \
Cultivable In Dry Seasons ^^( ' 'Bi^ely Cultivable Even In
J^ ' o Dry Seasons \ ' 5 - 2 0 ' B e l o w Road I
k ^J I Level \ / I ; Kikuyu And
• White aove r
Open Swamp-land
2 0 3
1
\
\ \
\ T i - T r e e A n d \ \ Low Oak \3wamp
)
S c a l e : 15 c h n •• I i n c h
\ Higher S a n d ^ \ ^ Dunes ^
\ F a i r l y Heavi ly ^ .^ imbered
Lower Levee - From 3 ' - 5 ' Of Micro-Rehef
3 8 1
N
H i g f f - - ^ Levee Drops-^ 3 ' -4 ' From Rood ^
- A l l Culf ivable-Kikuyu - • White Clover '
H r r \ 2 I Low Oak
N I I (
\ I
I
N I I I
\ •-A
/
/
I Rush jwart v Ian
Open Swampland Of Varying Levels - A l l Inundated During F l o o d s - L i t t l e Escape
^ ' -Bu f fa lo , Blue Couch, Rush Tussock
- 2 1 i T i - T r e e I
/ A n d Low / Oak
Q
Low Sand - Dune -Sca t te red Timber
8 7 5
<J>
( a ) 7
\ Low Al luvial , Tree And
Low Al luvial Barely Cultivable In Dry Seasons
Drainage Depression Generally Below Water Table Buffalo, Blue Couch Some / T i - T r e ^ " '
I 1 7 ^ ' ' l 2 ' - l 5 ' L o w e r T h o n Road
I ~ T i - T r e e \And Oak \Over 4.0W Levee ^
Low Levee Cultivable In Dry Seasons / 2 0 Some Micro-Rehef/
/ <2/
/ ^ b /
TO GLADSTONE
10' Lower / Than Road / r ^ i * /
/ / / S e a l e : 1 0 chn-. I i n c h
( b ) 7
Very N a r r o w H i g h e r L e v e e On E i t h e r S i d e Of K m c h e l a C r e e k
\ Open S w a m p j
- O n l y Of G r a z i n g V a l u e y Our I ng P e n o d s Of
X
Dense S t a n d Of T i - T r e e
/
\ D r o u g h t / /
V 105
/
B e l o w W a t e r T a b l e
- D o g N u t G r a s s ^ T, - T r e e
D e n s e S tands V Of
\
34
\
/
^ ^ /
/ / / / /
/ /
/ /
/
Dense S t a n d s Of T i - T r e e
105
N / » /
' / / /
' D e n s e S t a n d / S a n d D u n e s - W e i I Above / \ / Of / ' F l o o d L e v e l - F l o o d
- ' / I R e f u g e / / - S c a t t e r e d T i m b e r A n d
/ / S c r u b - W i l a A p p l e , R e d j G u m S o m e B l a d y
! T u s s o c k /
/ /
I
I
T i - T r e e
105 / /
/
\ /
r < \ ^
/
) I
/ • ==r —
/
\ / / /
63
/ /
O p e n S w a m p - O n l y Of L i m i t e d
G r a z i n g V a l u e
221 V /
/
/ /
\
I S u b s i d i a r y B l o c k Used O n l y / D u r i n g F l o o d s A n d D r o u g h t s
Sca le : 10 chn : I inch
\ Open S w a m p , S c a t t e r e d \ ) T i - T r e e - S o m e B u f f a l o y j A n d B l u e C o u c h - - - -
(a)
8
11 /
Dense S t and Of Ti-Tree And Oak
Low A l l u v i u m 10'- 15' \ Below R o a d L e v e l /
. - C u l t i v a b l e Only I n V e r y / Dry Y e a r s ' / , <-V
V, -Normal l y K ikuyu I n p ' \ \ D r i e r S i t ua t i ons SomgJ z* .
\ VPa spa l um In Lower \ ^^Areos B u f f a l o And ' '
'warr p . l a r d \
Seale• 15 chn I inch
8
( b )
Low Sand Dunes - Heavi ly T imbered
89
H i g h 10' Butt R idge- Heav i l y T imbered Parent Rock Appea r s To Be S h a l e s And S l a t e s
74
Sca le : l O c h n ^ I inch
t lU
Low- ) Lying Country L i t t l e (Above Swamp >>
Higher // Levee ; K , k u y u / / And
v W h i t e / / C l o v e r /
8-5 Level - \ B u f f a l o , B lue Couch-
' Invaded By^ / Reedy Tussocks Over Post
Permanently Five Y e a r s - K i k u y u Below Water On High Areas Table ( - Reedy i / > Tussockl / / ' I / ! ^ —
I / ^ ^
S c a l e : 10 c h n •• I i n c h
igh Leve^/
/ ^ (a)
f / ^ ~~ ^ \ \ \
10
n: Low Al luvials"^, \ ^^
- ^Lowes t Margins °
Some Paspalum^v And Buffalo Alon^
An_ ite Clover
Deposits
•andy Loam Low Alluviols
i 28 - — /
Paspalum And Buf fa lo
Scale MO chn : I inch
Low Timbered Ridges - Poor Native ftjstures
105
Shallow Oak And - T i - T r e e Swamp
41 /
Scale = 10 chn ^ I Inch
11
S w a m p Reeds A n d
Reed y T u s s o c k
I 17 /
/
/
^ L o w A l l u v i u m ^ ^ -/ - F r e q u e n t l y ^ ^
l n n u n d m e . d ^ B u f f o l o A n d - C o u c h
I I ^ / L o w e r L e v e e - W e l l _ _
y - S t r a t a of Sand Verjy^^Common - K i k u y u W i t h Som
W h i t e . c i o v e r 12
10
) /
/
D r o i n e d
H i g h e r Le^ee 3 ' - 5 ' A b o v e
. R o a d ^ _ • 2 ' - 3 > R e l i e f
Scale = 10 chn: I inch
(a)
/ /""n 33 / 'ScQftered Ook And Ti-Tree Stand / \ _ \ Pnnrrniirh Rnctciro
l _ I
Low Couch Swamp I With Occasional Patches ' > Of Reedy V / Tussock f \ ^
/
33 /
/ ' / '' ' / / I
\ Poor Couch Pasture \ \ \
j^'Qh An / 33 \ Low Alluvium Moinly / ^^^ r^ ' 'yiu^ \ \Paspalum, Couch /
/o p \W,th Reedy Tussoclj/ ^
• ' / /
/ / ^ /
/ •
81 / a s ^
/
N / /
High Levee With Dense KikuyTi \ ^ And White Clover Posture-All Farm Buildmgs^^ \
\ \ y I Low Alluvium Moinly Paspoium
( \ And Couch With V. \ Scattered Reedy
^ Tussock 17 > ] 81
/ / / /
I / I I I I
T
/
/ / If <J
/
Scale 10 chn = I inch
12
Moderate Slopes On Sedimentones ^ And Igneous - Black Butt Forest i And Scrub / Scale : 10 chn : I inch
4 6
>
U " " 5
Brackish Or Salt
^Dense ' Reeds
^ — ^ Swamp 10
Mangroves And J idol Chonnels 4 6
( b )
\ \
\ \
\ \
\ \ / N High Sand Ridge / ^ -Heovily Timbered |
^ With Fbor Eucalypts i And Banksio,Patches,
Ti-Tree In ^ Depressions
\ \
o j ; \ 8 9
12 \ ^•C^^fn^k Send Ridge With v-j, \
Little Vegetation ^ ^
4) O cE TJ C
\
A
\ \
\ \ \ \
\ \ \
\
\ \ I 2 \ 2 9
(
\ 1 \ 2 8 \ V
^ Dense Ti-Tree • Swamp
\ / \ '8
8 9
/
N \
\ \ \
4 4
• \ - \
\ 18 ^ ^ \
\ I \ J / '
I I I \ \ »
I High Sand Ridge-Densely / Timbered With Poor
Eucalypts, Apples, Blood Wood And Banksia -Fetches Of Ti-Tree In Depressions
\
2 8 ^ ^ / 1
S c a l e : 10 c h n : I inch
( d )
- Q ' i
'i^ir-
\ Cleared Native Bosture \Spp 12 -7
Cleared" ^ ^ 8 5
/ t
Partly Cleared -Much Regrowth | Scrub J
^ Cleared 1 2 7 [ 8 5
\ V - A ^
— ^
Moderate Slopes Partly Cleared
1 2 7 Cleared
S c a l e : 2 0 c h n : I i n c h
13
/
Higher/ Lower / . ' lpvpp - Paspalum, White
/ / f I
40 Low Alluvium 54 ^
\ N /
N / S ^ /
Shallo"w"~~'' / Swampland /"V / Couch And / , Buffalo / /
n 23 / / Deep j / Swamp/ j -Rushes I
/
Scale : lOchn ^ I inch
14
CouCtT^. Swamp
m ^^
Higher Levee Only Slightly Higher Thon Lower Levee
Low Mud Bank
^ ^ J Low Alluvium^ —--Well Dramecy Kikuyu And/ .
•—•v Sonne / / \Paspalum Lower ^ ^ Levee " Kikuyu c Pasturev^
/
Scale ^ 10 chn • I inch
Low Alluvium With Numerous Wet \ Depressions- Paspolum Couch And Buffalo
84 / N
womp s
\ •S. >
/y
\
Shallow Couch Swomp With Widespread Reedy Tussock
56 N
N
/
V.
Scale = lOchn : I inch
16
i d a l M u i - F l a t 1 0
' - - ^ V o r V L o w ' A l l u v i u m
I Q ' S e l f T o l e r a n t G r a s s e s
1 N V I ^
M a n g r o v e S w a n n p
/
' 1 2 /
L o w ^ L e \ / e e -; M o s t | y ~ K 7 k j \ u ~
W h i t e C l o v e r
P a s r a l u m A n d /c- ' ^ W h i t e C l o v e r i o k C ®
' W e j c J e p r e s s l o n ^ W i t h " S c a t t e r e d
/ S w a m p O a k
60
- S c a t t e r e d R e e d y T u s s o c k
^ L o w D e p r e s s i o n B u f f a l o C o u c h
S c a t t e r e d ^ O a k \
D r a i n e d b y D r a m
\
T o v V e s t ^ \ / \
1 2 /
I /
/ - P a s p a l u m , B u f f a l o
A n d C o u c h
- S c a t t e r e d R e e d y T u s s o c k
0// D e p r e s s i o n u f f a l o A n d o u c h i
I
1 2 ;
/ I I I
\ \ \ \ ^ \
S c a l e : 1 0 c h n : I i n c h
I '
17
TO KEMPSEY
Scale 110 chn I inch
( a )
18
I s J '
r ~ T i do l M u d - F l a t ^ N 1 - S a l t Res is tont ) f Grasses y
V - — ^ / - - ^ ^
/ ^
\ \ I Mangrove S w a m p > \
X •TO J E R S E Y V I L L E
N 1 \
\
1 ^ ^ \ T i d a l M u d - F l o t ^ ^ N \
\ T ida l \ M u d - F l a t
\ N ^ \ \ \
\ w
- ^ \
\ J
r F N - - - I \
. 28 \ 2 \
T ida l M u d - ^ Low A l l u v i a l s F la t V ^ \ Paspa lum With Some i \ ^ Wh i te Clover And \ ! \ Y B u f f a l o In Depress ions
\ \ / "Swampy^ ^ De^r^ss ion
- Scat tered Reedy Tussock
A ' \
Vi \
\ N
^ \
\ \ \
V 28 \
. Low Levee ' - K i k u y u And I P a s p a l u m , \ Numerous Depressions \
\ - 4 ' - 5 ' 0 f M i c r o - R e l i e f \ A 1 I C u l t i v a t i o n
\ \ I
/ /
/
^ ^ ^ M a n g r o v e Swamp ^ ^
' V \
I
r \ \
~ J
'Lit
S c q l e : 1 0 c h n : I i n c h
( b )
18
/
Ti - T ree And Oak Swamp
40
N / \
Low G e n t l y - S l o p i n g R idge- Heavi ly T imbered
69
Sea le • 10 chn I mch
S teep ly-S lop ing ^^ R idge On Gran i t e n. Prev iously C lea red-Dens^ . Secondary Growth x
36
Steeply S loping Ridge On ^ G r a n i t e Ana Some^^^ S e d i m e n t a n e s ^ Densely Timbered
24 Steeply S lop ing- , .
(
iccpiy olU(Jiriy — Ridge- Mostly C learea ' ^ . N a t u r a l Pas tu re With
^ S o m e Paspa lum And B r a c k e n
24 !4 I S
Te rra ce ^ - . , , cp-^ Face-Steep ly^ 1 I 0< •e, \| Sloping ^^
19
Uj
ki
Scale ! 10chn = I inch
( a )
20
Mud-F la t , V /\ « N
Scale : 10 chn ^ I inch
(b)
] 1 4 0
\ \ \
T i d a l Mud - F l a t \ Low A l l u v i a l s \ Swamp \-Paspa lum, Wh;te\
\Clover \ \-Only Cultivable/ (Land \ I
Mangroves
Mangroves
/White Clover / \ / -Prov ides Only ' l 1
/ Cu l t i vab le ' / Land I y
/ I I \ / I I (Mangroves
! J 3 0 /
Mangroves
S c a l e : 1 0 c h n : I i n c h
CM
^Repress ions
I
, Salt Water ' \Much-Flat !
And \Swamp I
I I
I I I Low Al luv ium / Salt Water ' -Paspalum,Buf fa lo Mud-Flat
I And Coucn / And -Some Cultivable Tidal Swami
/ V •
Mangrove Swamp
I I I
- - I 0 7 Low Levee Alluviuri) Some Oak
5 0
Some Mangroves
\ \ \
\ \ \
y Low Alluvium \ Low Levee ^ ^ \ -W i th Numerous ^,^Paspalum
v^Some Kikuyu ^ ^ ^ 5 - 5
J^ng^roy/e
Levee -Paspalum And K ikuyu
Low Al luv ium - Numerous Depressions - Paspa lum,
> Couch , B u f f a l o - S c a t t e r e d Reedy Tussock
\ 1 0 7
5 1 - 5
Swamp-T ida l On ' Occasions-Salt Resistant ' Grasses
-Reedy Tussock Around Edge/
I
' ' Low Alluvium'
/ / — - iv.
Low Al luv ium -""Mamly Paspalum And B u f f a l o
- Large Area Cult ivable
Scale lOchn = I inch
V \
} /
\ High Sand Hil ls - Heavily Timbered -Bloodwoods, Messmates, Heath
1 0 5
I N .
VJ -Swomp - Couch B u f f a l o - Reedy Tussock •
c r .
V . X
/ /
/ /
\
\ /
\ I T, -T ree And Oak K \ Heavi ly I Swamp j \ T i m b e r e d /
2 3 I - B r a c k e n \ 1 0 5 ^ ' ' 1 V
-Enc
/ I Shallow Swamp ' - B u f f a l o , Couch /
/ -Reedy Tussock'^ / ^
1 - f - i / / ' ^ S h a l l o w Swamp' 1 -Buf fa lo And
1/
Low Wet A l luv ia ls .
- Couch And ^ Buf fa lo \
TO
Sand-Hil L ight ly Timbered
fNO r o
23
• •
: -
s" -
-Some Kikuyu, ' Pospa lum, iWh i te Clover B u f f a l o And iCouch
S c a t t e r e d Reedy
^ J u s s o c k / \ /
\
N
Forested - i R idge On / L o w Low / A l l u v i u m Dry A l l u v i u m ^ ' ' Low
/ ^ A l l u v i u m - W e t 7 Bu t Not True . — Swamp
3 4 Deep Swamp Couch, And Othe r Swamp Spec - Reeds And Open Water
3 4
/ Sha I low Swamp
/ S h a l l o w ^ I Swamp I I - B u f f a l o ' 'Couch And 'Widespreod
/ Keedy lussock
I f
S c a l e - l O c h n : I i n c h
Wet Depressions
/ I V
s. \
12
^-Oeep , - . . . Alluvium I I P^a^P Shallow
o- / Mainly Paspalurr.( I Swamo ^^ And White CloversJ
/ /'fcoTtered /
. Scattered
\ '/Mattered , I Dak • ^
\
63
-Buffafo And Couch Scattered
^ Reedy >.Tussock I 35
Deep / ) Shallow Swamp /
Aliuviurir ' ' 1 aj n I y ^
aspalum
1- y n — — — ^^Aijuvium / /bee^" ' I Swamp
'Scattered
^ 7
Scale : lOchn I inch
TO PACIFIC HIGHWAY
(b ) 25
- V
N
Semi-Cleared 452 /
"^v. \ Steep Slopes On \ ^ ^ J Sedimentary Rocks
c, ^ ^ -HardWood Forest > ^ ^ - . And Scrub - Spotted
s ^ ^ Gum IronBork,Grey \ ^ p \ Box Dn Better Soils
' 858
! Semi-Clearedy / 458
I « —
Uncleared
858 — .
Scale : 15 chn • I inch
f / Moderate Slopes On I Sedimentary Rocks /
^^ Semi-Cleared i 452
858
Scale ^ lOchn ^ I inch
( b )
Q
Q.
i fO
3 <T> \
Gentle To Moderate Slopes On Sedimentai^ Rocks
-Hardwood Forest And Scrub Some Black butt Along Northern Boundary Ridge
70
r\
k
~~ ^ Dense Ti -Tree Swamp 5
Gentle To Moderat'e Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks-Semi-Cleared
'^-Native Grasses \
Cleored \
10
\ \ 16
V -v.
/ /
/ / 3 I
I
/
/
\
\ Deep Swampland J - Reeds And Open
Water
X m S "D CO m -<
Scale lOchn ^ I inch
28
TO K I N C H E L A
( b ) S c a l e l O c h n ^ I i n c h
r — j Gentle Slopes ) / On Shales And / And Slates 2 5
^ Fully Cleared -Natural J^^
Pastures \ ^ /
•
h ' — 60
/ / I I
/ Low Alluvium / -Wet But Not Swamp
/- Couch,Buffalo As I \ — ^Well As
;Scattered I 'Reedy Tussoc
V
) _' '/SwompOak ) c / I
/11-Tree I On \ ' /Shallov^Tv. 1 /
Gentle Slopes-Heavily Timbered Swamp j 4 3 ^ —
S c a l e 2 0 c h n ^ 1 i n c h
Sholl^^Swamp
l y -Low Alluvium
-Wet Depressions -Buffalo,
Heavy Oak
-Ftaspalum, ? White
^ Cloya Semi-Cleared
LOW Depression , \ 5 ^ C o u c h
LovJ-Alluvium I
//Scottered Oak / t
Low Alluvium -Scattered Ook J n V M
• Kikuyu Paspolum
Scale -20 chn ^ I inch
Depressions Buffalo Rispalum
Terrace . | i Remnont L2 .
Shallow-Swamp Terrace
''Remnant
(g)
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentory Rocks -Por t l y Rlng-BarKed Hard-Wood Forest
Spotted Gum, Iron - Bark, Ti-Tree Scrub
/
(Cleared I /
^ — ^ \ \
/
/
\ Gentle Slopes On I Sedinnentary Rocks
/ -Cleared / -Nat ive Grasses
N
Scale lOchn • I inch
29
( a )
\
High Levee - No Relief 4-
-K ikuyu And .White Clover '
decent I ^Deposits Of
vSand y .Loom
Floods Upio 50 Yds
(\ \ \ \
a*. %
From, Road 6 V 2 y
w o
Lower Levee - L i t t l e Micro-Reiief \ J -Wel l Drained -Whole Holding Cultivable
57
N h r\
V O
^ ! n Ivy u iM
IV V
Scale : 10 chn ^ I inch
29
(b)
0
l i I O
/ /
Open Swampland • Patches Of Rushes
/ \
1 N
'•N E 3 >
< 1 /
I Low Al luvium-lnundated\ I During Floods-Cover Of \ I Buffalo And Blue Couch \ , With Scattered Patches \ I Of Reedy Tussock ^
I ' < I I
I / I I I
J / V.
/ ^ ' / / I
' I N I 'Fair ly Heavy \ I /S tand Of )
/ Ti-Tree And , ' / / / /
71
Open Swampland
194
\
N
/
Low Al luv ium / / Open Swamp I With Small . , Areas Of
Deep Water 20
Open Rush Swampland Used In Drought Period Only
100
/ / I Open \ Woter
Scale : lOchn = I inch
(C)
Gentle To Moderate Slopes On Sediments Partly Cleared In Gullies Hard-Wood Forest And Scrub
Scale = 20 chn = I inch
30
Wet Depress ion
TO K I N C H E L A
O'^'Wet Depress ion
Low Levee - A l l K i k u y u And
Whi te
Scale: 10 chn I inch
OJ
P a r t l y
ScQ I e . 4 0 chn •• I i nch
Gentle To , / ' 'x Moderate i Partly Cleared / Hard Wood / v o-Q,, Slopes-Hard i -Na t i ve Spp , Forest ' ^ • ' 5 ? o \ Wood Forest . Grasses Some Black Butt V 3 3 i i ' ^ ^
' V / \ V \ / \ ' \ \
\ \ ^
! \ o *
_ Q I '
"o, \
41 27 Ji c.
Partly Cleared 59
Scale 120 chn : I inch
( a )
32
S c a l e . lOchn : I inch
( b )
32
Deep S w a m p - R u s h e s A n d
Open Wafer
z' H i g h e r L e v e e D r a I n E x c a v a t on
// / I / / I 2
/ Very U)w , / / A l l u v i u m I I On 41 ( S h a l l o w \\ y S w a m p M
// / ^ ^ Levee// ' \
onstrucfed
V ^
Low A l l u v i u m - P a s p a l u m ,
C o u c h , B u f f a l o
S c a l e ; 10 c h n ! i n c h
32
( c )
Old Sand _
( ^ D u n e / y / Gent le Slope
( \ f
\ \
•
Steeper Slopes On Sed imentor j 's
Old Swamp / , ^ No Longer \ I 2 4 \ Salt Heo th
'g 'uV/™! I Scattered o O T imber \
On / .. JCUMllCI 'Sed imentar ies H e a v i l y
Swamp M a i n l y \ T , - T r e e 8 5
/
\ " V
- H e a v i l y F o r ^ t e d / /
/ \ •N
S c a l e : 20chn ^ I inch
( d )
\
\
/Open 7 1 Swamp/
I Denser,-Tree / \ Swamp ^ LiL.
\ ' I I I /
V.
G e n t l e S l o p e s On S e d i m e n t a n es
- S e m i - C l e a r e d - N a t i v e P a s t u r e
G r a s s e s
G e n t l e S lopes ^
On \ S e d i m e n t a r i e s C l e a r e d I
! " ^ N
1 4 5
1 4 \ Dense "^J, - Tree
P a s t u r e 2 1 Grossesj
•^Oak Swamp ^^
S c a l e : 2 0 c h n I i n c h
33
(a)
» / ' •
Low Alluvium-Paspalum POJ With Couch And Buffalo, ' / c f ^ In Depressions Scattered Reedy Tussock
.<22. / ; / ' /V,
/ PV' ' i ' c^/ > ^
' r
.TO UPPER KINCHELA
Scale : 10 chn : I inch
Raised Beach - Low Heath And Scrub
68
24 X Brackish Swampland , \ -Rushes And Sonne i •^• - l i r j ree
^
Moderate Slopes On Sedimentory And Igneous RocKs - Some Areas Of Send
-Hard Wood Forest And Ti-Tree Scrub-Blood Woods, f \
-Acocios Etc / ^ ^ O u a r r y
•n 1
58
Scale : 10 chn = I inch
34
Scale : lOchn : I inch
o
( b ) o
\
Fores ted Low N A l l u v i a l s
Some Oak A l o n g \ N o r f h e r n Edges
/ / / L o w Levee/
/ - K i k u y u / "And
/^^Fores^ed | | Low Levee \
N. - K i k u y u And \ PospQlum
\
Low A l l u v i u m Ki kuyu, Paspolum
- B u f f a l o And Couch In Depressions
Scale : lOchn ^ I inch
34
( C )
\ Deep
I NSwomp'^Vein
; ; l^Oak [ \ R i d g e \
^ 2 \ I L
S h a 1 low S w a m p - Couch And
B u f f a l o
36
S c a l e : 10 c h n : I i n c h
35
I TO G L A D S T O N E High Levee K ikuyu 4
Low Levee 5 -K ikuyu And White Clover,.
Low Al luv ium Kikuyu, Paspalum And White Clover
-Scat tered Reedy Tussock
-Much Cuiti voted
3 2
)
Shallow Swamp Couch And Buf fa lo Much Reedy Tu ssoc k
/^Low Al luvium / / - Paspalum /
/ A L i t t l e / / Kikuyu / I - - / \ 3 2 /
' oak I And / TI-Tree
Swamp
Scale = 10 chn = I inch
f a )
36
Shal low S w a m - C o u c h A n d B u f f a l o
/ \ V I
\ I
I bha l l ow T l - T r e e
I S w a m p
\
/ /
/ / Low A l l u v i u m - Wet In Patches,
-3Q C u l t i v a b l e In O t h e r s - P a s p a l u m W i t h White Clover
B u f f a l o And Couch
Scale : 10 chn • I inch
( b )
S h a l l o w S w a m p Couch And B u f f a l o Much Reedy Tussock
2 7 LOW A l l u v i u m - S o m e P a s p a l u m
Scale ^ lOchn = I inch
I
( a )
/n ign Low : Low Alluvium - KIkuyu Replaced N / / / b^y^^ ' \ By Paspalum And White Clover ^ / / / K^Kuyu K i l ^yu \ Couch In Depressions
7 r GLADSTONE /
I I
TO GLADSTONE ( b )
"T /
Low Alluvium , Shallow Scattered / Ftospolum,White / Oak Swamp / Clover , • Some Reedy ' ^ Tussock I /
I / ' I
14 I 14 \
\
Scale ^ 10 chn : I inch
-Scattered Reedy Tussock I •^'Jsnes
31
( C )
Low Alluvium
20
Out
Sca le : 10Chn ^ I inch
Scale lOchn I inch
Paspalum White Clover
CD r > o CO H o 2 m
V 1 2 H i g h ^ n L o w
Levee - C o m p l e t e l y
/ I / I
Low A l l u v i u m - C u l t i v a t e d In Rotation - M a m i y K ikuyu And
Pn^nnlnm
88 Low Al luv ium
-Not Cultivated - M a i n l y Ptaspalum
And White Clover Except Where Badly Overun With Reedy TussocK
' / \ /LowAlluvium Scattered
/ -Wet I Oak Swamp / Couch \
/ And BuffoIcK
^ Shallow / Swamp
/ Couch And Buffolcy /
S c a l e : 1 0 c h n ^ 1 i n c h
, 88 1 Low Alluvium V \ - W e t
\ - C o u c h And Buffalo ( - W i t h Some Paspalum \
1 /
Scattered Oak Swamp
/ Dense Oak Swornp
(a)
39
I-U
I
\
i v
to Q.
UJ
/ s
II
\ / \
A /Old Dunes I Timbered
/ I Timbered
I
//•Old Dunes
1.1 b
I I
\Old Dunes -Timbered V 15 J /
/ Deeper Swamp ' - S c a t t e r e d
/ Oak
/ 1
/ 33
/ St ia l low Swamp /
- Couch And B u f f a l o / / / /
69 I /
/ / /
/ /
\ /
Old Dune\ -<^I5-Timbere_d
/ / / /
/ " V
/ /
/ /
y
36 Deep Open Swamp
/ /
/
I Rushes
/
Low A l l u v i u m Paspa lum With Scattered Reedy Tussock Mostly C u l t i v a b l e
32
S c a l e ' 1 0 c h n ^ I i n c h
(b)
39
\ Low A l l u v r u m \ - P a s p a l u m A n d \ W h i t e C l o v e r
2 1
\ \ \
\
\ \ \ S c a r t e r e d O a k S w a m p
\
59 67 ^ ^ V - B u f f a l o \ - D e e p V e i n
\ C o u c h ^ ^ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \
X
59 - B u f f a l o
A n d \ C o u c h
\ \
V
67
O p e n S w a m p
67
- Rushes
14
B u f f a l o A n d Couch
59
Scale = lOchn I inch
^ Gent le Slopes On S u b s i d i a r y Rocks
- C l e a r e d \ N a t i v e \ Sem i - Cleared B l a c k b u t t sPas tures \ A n d O t h e r E u c a l y p t s
15 \
Gen t l e S lopes On S e d i m e n t a r y R o c k s - S e m i - C l e a r e d M u c h Seconda ry G r o w t h - E u c a l y p t s Ana S c r u b H e a t h
Sca le ^ l O c h n ^ I inch
Scattered Oak Swamp * Low Levee
"•^^. -Couch And Buffalo \ Paspal
" '
Low Al luv ium _ _ -Cul t ivable In Dry Seasons Only
Paspolum, Bu f fa l o
39 /
I V
> I y
\LOW Levee \ -K i kuyu , /
Paspalum And \Whrte Clover ^rvT^
Scattered Oak Swamp Couch And Buffalo
Dram
^^ 38 Scattered Oak
\ Swomp \ -Couch And
\ Buf fa lo \ \ \ \
/ / / \ Low Al luv ium fT
-Might Almost Be / Classed As \
Scale : 10 chn I inch
(b )
-TO KEl P^ "
Scale ' 10 chn ; I inch
41
Scale • lOchn ^ I inch
4 2
N
7 9 ^ ^ ^ m p y Depressions
" " " " • ^ C o u c h And ^ ^ u f f ^ l a , .
/ Low A l l u v i u n n / - P a s p o l u m Some
Ki ku yu
\
S c a t t e r e d Oak • Low A l l u v i u m On Sha l l ow
S w a m p - P a s p o l u m , C o u c h , B u f f a l o
95
Low A l l u v i u m - P a s p o l u m
146
I ,, \Oak Stand )
_ Sha l low Swamp \ - ^ q ^ — - ^ - C o u c h , B u f f a l o
' - E x t e n s i v e Reedy ^ T u s s o c k
J
s/eid
S c a t t e r e d Oak - Low A l l u v i u m On
S h a l l o w Swamp - P a s p a l u m , Couch
B u f f a l o 95
Scale : 10 chn ^ I inch
Shallow Swamp •^Buffalo And Couch -Heavy Concenrration Of Reedy Tussock
32
\
] Wer Low 1 , Alluvium/ / /
TO KEMPSEY
Scale : 10 chn ^ I inch
( b )
S c a l e : l O c h n = I i n c h
/
/
Heavi ly T imbered ' R i d g e - Sedlmentanes 1
I
f S e m i - C l e o r e d \ ( S lopes \
Na t i ve Pa s tu r e s I
TI - Tree I Swamp
/ 2
\
/ I
V
\ /
P - l I
f a )
>1
Sha l l ow Swamp (
15 ; . Scattered
^ ^ ^ / Oak Swamp
Low A l l u v i u m N i ^
Mn I n n r n m \
y \
26>2
Sha l low Swamp - Bu f f a l o , Couch \ - Reedy Tussock Widespread ^
Low A l l u v i u m - M a i n l y Paspa lum A n d
Wh i t e Clover Reedy Tussock A l ong
\ L owe r Depress ions
X
Sca t t e red Oak Swamp With Deeper Vems
13
\
rvv
1
/
I I
V
5 0
/
n
UJ to a 5
S c a l e : 10 c h n ^ I i n c h
45
> -LU (/) CL S UJ
\ / ^ Shollow Swamp
^ Buffalo,Couch, l -Reedy Tussock
Widespread/
Deeper Swo mp With / S c a t t e r e d Oak , B u f f a l o ' And Couch, Reed T u s s o c k On H igher Ground /
- R u s h e s Widespread / /
I I
S c a l e : l O c h n ^ I i n c h
46
( a )
TO K E M P S E y -
\
And SomeRdspalum And White Clover
r \ 8 \
Low Alluvium -Fbspalum With
Buffalo And Couch In Depressions
30
V Scattered Oak Swamp
Deep Swamp - Rushes 29
"^-Some Buffalo And Couch_ ^ ^•sSome Saltation
\
( \ \Oak \
a 8 /
i .
/ / / 1 \
S c a l e • l O c h n ^ 1 i n c h
( b )
46
A Scattered Oak Swamp
\ 35
\
\
Deep Swamp- Almost Completely Covered With Rushes
175
Scale : lOchn ^ I inch
( C )
Low Oak And T i - T r e e Swamp
I / I
28 / 1 2 8 I I \ 3 3 /
Shallow Swamp Couch,Buf fa lo-^
/Low \ OakAnd^^
i T i - T r e e \Swamp I 2 8 ^
/ /
Shallow Swamplands-Reeds
N,
/
I ^ ^
/ ^ / Open Water/ Very Low
__ -Sno l low / A l luv ium ' / -Paspalum
j ^ Buf fa lo 3 3 / 3 6 / 12
/ / / / ( ^ /
\ \
\
Open Water - Deep
/ /
/
Dense Reeds
2 9
/
/
T /
Scale l O c h n I inch
47
-A o
High Levee - K i k u y u ^ —
Low Levee _ - K i k u y u , SomePaspalum,
- ^ n d Whi te C l o v ^ - '
12
Scat tered Oak Swamp
- S o m e B u f f a l o And Couch
I 9 ' / 2
— S h o l l o w \ S w a m p /
M a r k e d / Sa l t a f lon On Dr i e r H i l l o cks
\ Low A l l u v i u m / \ - Paspa lum
With B u f f a l o And Couch 'n" / -
^ Depressions
\ h
a \
\
OPEN WATER
10
S c a l e ^ 1 0 c h n : I i n c h
48
Scale : 10 chn. I inch
(b) 48
N
Dense Ti-Tree
/ {
\
, Dense \ Oak
N Dense T i - T r e e Swamp-L i t f l e Permanent Water
206
Cleared Terrace
/ \ 3 ;
II II
//
^ ^ ^ Dense Reed Growth —.
Swamp With 3 5 Couch And Scattered
^ R e e d s
J!
Shallow Swamp i — — — - -A-Moinly Scattered/ \
// A Reeds Couch And / 'J *|Some Buf fa lo /
X ' ) I / 2 5 7 '' Dense T i - T ree j
S l ight ly Deep^"~-~. Swamp Channel
1 . I
/
206
Low A l luv ia l s -B iT t fa lo " Low Al luvia Is - • Couch, Pospalum
I
- v .
V.
/ v 3 / /
206 >e "rei
_ le Water
/ V • - ^ ^ ' ' " r N \ Dense
Vimbered, T i -Tree Swamp I Terrace I L i t t le Permanent
N
B lackbut t Forest Ridge Heav i l y T i m b e r e d - P o o r Native Pasture Spp.
-Parent Rock Appears To Be Shales And S la tes
591
Dense T i - T r e e ^
/
Scale 20 chn I inch
Low A l l u v i u m ' •vK I k u y u , Paspa lu m A n d W h i t e C love r \
L o w , W e t A l l u v i u m " \ ] | D r a i n e d By ^
\ D r a i n / 2 3 "
S h a l l o w I S w a m p - M a i n l y f B u f f a l o
A n a Couch „
5 I
/ / / / Low Wet A l l u v i u m
/ P a s p a l u m , B u f f a l o y A n d S o m e Couch
A n d W h i t e C l o v e r /
Sca le : l O c h n : I inch
( b )
M o d e r a t e S lopes O n O l d / ' ~ " ' T e r r a c e G r a v e l s A n d I S e d i m e n t a n e s - ^ ^ ^ ^ G e n t l e
S l o p e s . Open S w d r n p U S h a l l o w On
S w a m p S e d i m e n t a r i e s
Sca le l O c h n : I inch
50
Low Alluvium - Paspalum, Kikuyu
26
TO KEMPSEY
Scale ! 10 chn : I inch
(a)
Wet Low Al luvium - Pospalum And VvTiite Clover-Couch And Buffalo In Depressrons
-Cultivable In Dry Seasons
\ ' Low Alluvium
W r y -
/ ' ' - Kikuyu.Pbspalum ; / With Whitetloverin \ [ y / Dry Seosons
I % I I
I
Shallow Swamp
Scale ^ 10 chn ^ I inch
( b )
- - ~ ' V /
Shallow Swamp With Deeper Depressions
28
^ Oak Swamp- ^ - ' ^ Scattered in ^ ^ '.Places /
! I Gentle Sloping Terrace Remnants 22 > I
1 \ / \
Scale 10 chn^ 1 inch
52
(a )
/ Low Levee 3 / - K i k u y u 2 0
/
I \
I
/ V V
• Low A l l u v i u m
- K i k u y u , Pas pal um
( b )
Scale : lOchn I inch
Lost To R ive r / /
/
/ / ^ / , A
Scale ^ 10 chn I inch
53
H V * /
Scale: lOchn ^ I inch
Slope' Old Terrace Materia
- K ikuy
Scale lOchn •• I inch
V -A-
High Levee -Kikuyu / Low Levee / -KiKuyu f
14
/ 7 / -- /
'SnP/-^ I LOW Alluvium
Scale ^ lOchn = I inch
( c )
Low Alluvium - Raspalum With Some Kikuyu
48
/ I / /
/ / / /
/ / 6 / ''
/ /
/ ^ / Low Alluvium / cj- / -Kikuyu
^ /
TO KEMPSEY
Scale: 10 chn ^ I inch
cr
(a)
L o w A l l u v i u m - K i k u y u P a s p a l u m
W h i t e C l o v e r
I / •
/ ' ' ^ / L o w L e v e e I H i g h / ^ ^ ,
/ - K i k u y u ' L e v e e / - ' L o w G r a v e l T e r r a c e A / K i k u y u /
/ 6 / 5 / 9 / < ( /
S c a l e : l O c h n ; I i n c h
e n a i
( b )
/
Gentle Slopes On Sediments -Cleared Light ReGrowth Of
Hard Woods IronBark,Grey Gum Spotted Gum And Scrub
• Motive Grass Spp
133
\
Hard Wood Forest [
30 \ Hard Wood Forest
30
Scale : 10 chn ^ I inch
^Ixw Alluvium /tKikuyu And Fbspalum
KEMPSEY
^r.Qle: lOchn = I inch
(b)
Scale: 10 chniijnch_
57
( a )
Low Levee Kikuyu 2 4 -
Low Al luvium - Kikuyu.Fbspalum
White C^lover / c \ ' Shallow Swamp
22 \ Depressions
/ — ^ } Buffalo,Couch I 3 9
GLADSTONE
( b ) S c a l e : l O c h n = I i n c h
Cleared Native Grasses
; \ 4 0 Semi-Cleared / \
169
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentanes
-Hardwood Forest And Scrub
S c a l e ^ l O c h n ^ I i n c h
\
r x \ \ \ - - Ca^s \ '
• \ 6 \
( a )
Low Alluvium •Kikuyu With Paspalum Towards Rear Of Property
54
Scale 10 chn : I inch
Scale • 20 chn: I inch
58
(d)
Deep Swomp-Reeds
68
Shallow ' Swamp
Low Alluvium 41 //
And Swampy ) Depressions i
/
t I Deeper Swomplonc ' And Open^er / /
/ >
U// ^ /../
i / 0 Shallow Swarrplond' // ^
27 S-i
/ ' i JII / 'V ' /
Scale !20chn •• I inch
/ 56
\ \ Gentle Slopes On \ Sedimentaries
Cleared,Notive Pastures
128 ( e )
v Ti - Tree And OaK Swamp
/ f •
tn u Q f
o 1 C/1 1 1 s 1 1 Q 1 1 3 •D \ O \ , O
^ S ^ S 1J3-
Open Wtoter
I Shallow j. (Swamptanc
I I Scale: lOchn : I inch
Scale .-20 chnH inch
(a) 59
High Alluvium With Occasional Wet Depressions
-Kikuyu And White Clever
MACLEAY RIVER
(T)
o o zr 3
n r> IT
59
( c )
Scale : 10 chn •• I inch
ro
Scale: 10 chn ; I inch
to
Te r r a c e ^ Remnant /
-Kikuyu /
Low A l l u v i um - W e t - Paspalum,White
C lover , Bu f f a l o And Couch
(a)
\
/ I 2 2 Shal low
Swa m p\j - Bu f f a l o
Couch N.
\ N
S \
\
Low Alluviun^> - Dry ^^ - K i kuyu ,Paspa lum
And White Clover^
\ \
Scale : 10 chn = I inch
60
*
(b)
' N / V /
i Low A l l u v i u m 1 \ \ .
- D r y 1 \ ^ \ - P a s p a l u m A n d / \ / y
W h i t e C l o v e r / \ / —
A l l u v i u m - Wef - S o m e P a s p a l u m B u t M a i n l y Couch a n d B u f f a l o
4 6
\ r ^ N \ \ \
- ' \ )
^ y
N J
Scale: 10 chn I inch
15 Low Alluvium
-Dry -Kikuyu
/ / ''LOW Alfev^um-Wet
-^-Kikuyu V / /And
jp/ __ yPQspalum
'^evee / 'Low Alluvium
TO SMITHTOWN
S c a l e : 10 c h n ; I i n c h
62
(a)
High A l l u v i u m K Ik uy u
Low A l l u v i u m - Dry - Some Ki k u y u
W i t h M a m l y P a s p a l u m
\ _ ^
f N \ \ ) « ^ Low A l l u v i u m
/ - Wet I Couch, B u f f a l o
J And PqspqiMnri
m 5 -0
m -<
Scale HO chn ; I inch
62
(b)
M o d e r a t e S lopes On S e d i m e n t a r y Rocks H a r d w o o d F o r e s t I r o n b a r k s , S p o t t e d Gum, S t n n g y - B a r k , Some B o x , Some B l a c k b u t t On H i g h e s t P e n t
1 1 7
Scale : 10 chn r I inch
63
\ \
Low Alluvium K ikuyu , Paspalum And White Clover
Scale ! 10 chn : I inch
\ Deep Swomp-Some Rushes
N J N
Shollow Swamp-Couch v — ^NBuf fa lo^- j , ' Y
/ ' 10
S c a l e : 10 c h n : I i n c h
TO KEMPSEY
Scale: 10 chn ; | inch
^ Deeper Swamp Vem - Frequently With Deep ,
\ Surface Woter /
I /
I !
Scale 110 chn • I inch
Scale : 10 chn : I inch
TO KEMPSEY CT)
(a)
TO K E M P S E Y
Scale: lO chn : I inch
( b )
Low Alluvium -Paspalum
7 \ Shallow Swamp,''
/ Buffalo,Couch/'^ /
- r " /
/
Low Alluvium •Pospalum,Couch And Buffalo 59
Shallow Swamp-Buffalo And Couch V f c ' ^
23
Shollow Swamp / -Buffalo, Couch ,
With Some / Paspolum y
/
Deep Swamp With Numerous Areas Of Open Water
I I
/
TO KEMPSEY
Scale: 10 chn ^ I inch
( a )
Sca le :20chn : I inch
(b)
\ I
y Pict -"----^-veO^®' 138
I I I ' / ; I / 1 / \ s V
( C )
Dense Ook Swamp 68
/ \ / 1 / \
gentle Slopes On edimentaries 12
Scale : 20 chn ^ I inch
.—<, 56
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentahes -Cleared Native Grass Spp rs \ \ 1 ^
421
I Semi-Cleared t Hard WoodForesf; • V On Gentle SlQpeSf « / ^ Spotted Gums-V y bo N iron Barks, \ \Some Box
V I
56 I I I / I I
-Cleared i^p \ \ ; Stand Of ' vOIUIIUWl \ / ,HardW3ods\
421
Scale:20 Chn^ I inch
\ t o . \ -n \
Moderate To Steep Slopes \ - J o \ On Sedi mentorles n ' i T ^ Kikuyu, Ftaspalum v ^ \ I
V
Dense Oak Swamp 74
Regrowth Oak Swomp
50
I J , Gentle To Moderate Slopes ' \ On Sedimentaries ' ' Klkuyu,Paspalum
/ / / /
/ /
/ ^
/ *
84
' ' I / I \ Dense Oak Swamp
/ i^O / _ 74
N \ \ s
Scale: lOchn •. I inch
I Steep Slopes On Sed
Scale: lOchn : I inch
UJ
S
o
71
V X^^cf'lx^ I Heavily \ ! Timbered N \ ' Steep Slopes Gentle Slopes \ \ i On * ^ > Sedimentanes* ^ -Paspalum And' » ^ Kikuyu 44
TO KEMPSEY
Scale : 10 chn •• I inch
•gentle / /SlopesOn/ Bananas" /Sedimentories 2/2 / I
Steep Slopes-Uncleared - Hard Wood Forest - BlacK Butt
50
Bononos _26 _
Moderate-Steep Slopes-Uncleared, c n Hard Wood Forest ^ ^
\ > 0
S c a l e : 10 c h n : I i n c h
74
Scale: 10 chn . I inch
Shallow Swomp I >
\ \ '"^w Low Alluvium / ; \.«-Wet \-Paspalum, / \ Couch \BuW( / Low Alluvium-Dry-Kikuyu / Ftaspalum
/ 100
TOKEMPSEY
jentle Slopes On Sedlmentories cottered Timber
(a)
Terrace Surface On , Sedimentary Rock Semi-CI eared Native TOsture Flood Refuge
8
Low Alluvium-Paspalum .With White Clover-Some 'K ikuyu
II
Scale : 10 chn : I inch
(b)
Low Alluvium -Kikuyu And White Clover
35
TOFREDERICKTON
Scale = 10 chn = I inch
77
Low Alluvium-KikuyuAnd Paspalum
' ' Lower Levee S <V/ -K tkuyu
/ / . S / 13 ' V t /
S c a l e : 10 c h n •• I i n c h
79
Scales 10 chn : I inch
Scaler 10chn : l inch
Low Alluvium-Paspalum,Couch,Buffalo -Cultivated In Dry Seasons
82
^^^ i ree 5wamj3_ ;; - . ^
High AlluviumSlopingGently ^^ -TowordsCreek-Kikuyu-Ftispalum \ \
1 0 ^ \ \ 82
S c a l e •• I S c h n • I i n c h
CO o
(a)
Gentle To Moderate Slopes On Old Terroce Remnant
-Cleared
-Kikuyu, Fbspalum
II
Vctv l^w Wet Alluvium Witn Depressions
l\ I \ / \
/ 1 -(^spo7um,"'Couch /
/ / 18
TO KEMPSEY / / / <
Low Alluvium - Kikuyu,Ftospalum
33
/o-/ /
( N V
-w TO K E M P S E Y
Scale: 10 chn : I inch
(b )
Low Levee Kikuyu
/
/H,gh ' Levee •Some Lost To 4 River
Scale:IOchn:linch
( 0 ) /
/ / / ' '
/ / / / / / -J. I ' /
Gpnfle Moderate » / Very u>w Wet Slopes On Old i Alluvium wft^ / Terrace Remnant i , Depressions /
• S ' t ^ ' ^ ^ o , ! -Pospolum, / c5 -Kikuyu.Pospolum j , Couc^h / ' ' I I / 8 /
TO KEMPSEY ,
Low Al luv ium - K ikuyu , Pospalum
/ / / /
/ / / /
/ /
(b)
TO KEMPSEY
Scale: 10 chn r I inch
f 'Shallow Swomp ' -nd Low Alluvium
TO KEMPSEY
Scale : 10 chn 1 inch
Ver Low
4 Wet
Low Alluvium
TO KEMPSEY
Deep Swamp \ J 95
\ Al luvium C/eorew
I 2 7 , . - ' I ' 'Cleared 1 Dense Ook
l ^ J ! 2 8 7 4 / c l e a r e d Slopes
( C )
Scale : 10 chn ; I inch
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentaries -Semi Cleared Or Rmgbarked
9 9 I ~ \
Cleored ; 2 8
\
Scale : 20chn : l inch
4 -Gentle To Moderate/ \ Slopes On Old I N
Terrace Remnant ' ^^
\ ^ ^ 9 r ^ 2 7 \
"Pasp^lum LowAlluvmm \
Very Low Wet Alluvium / With Depressions v
-Pospalum.Couch \ N
Low Alluvium Kikuyu, Pospalum ^
27 L_
TO KEMPSEY ;
Low Levee QI, 'High Levee o /2 /Some Lost 1 -KiKuyu
I River|
TO KEMPSEY
S c a l e : 10 c h n : I i n c h
m- 84
' i/ I Pi
iCc"" / ? 'vGentle To ^ \ Moderate
< o^ \ Slopes Alona / ^ / ^ ^ Back Edge Of
\Terroce
Scale: 10 chn inch
85
(a) . \ Sloping Terrace \ V Remnant / s l \ \ y^L-
Scale: 10 chn: I inch
CO n Q (T)
O n
3 o zr
( c )
\ \
\ Densely I \ Timbered \Knoll / \ I \ /
/ / /
U e—
/ / /
/ / /
/ /
/
/ /
/ / /
/
/ / \ Densely Timbered / / I - Eucalypts, Acacias / /
Heath / ^ / Very Little Pasture/ ^^c? / /
/
/
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
I \ \
\ / Semi-Cleared \ I
• Some Scattered / Euojlypts And Heath ^^ / Poor Natural Pasture ^ ^ /
116
7 6 / /
/ /
J / I ? / coyC /
/ / /
I 7 6 / I I
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
\ I \
/ \ \
Semi-Cleared With \ I Scattered Eucalypts \ i JAnd Heath With Fbor \ ' "Native Pastures
/ . , / • " ^^ I Densely Timbered - Eucalypts I Acacias, Heath - Very Lit t le Fbsture
I I 116
Scale: 10 chn : I inch
I " !
7"
/ FS < • ' i
/ /
/ V. -- '
25
; High Alluvium
- Kikuyu
25
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentanes Some Paspalum Mostly Native Gross Spp
10
TO K E M P S E Y
Scale : 10 chn ; I inch
00 CD
87
TO KEMPSEY
Scale = 10 chn : I inch
(a)
TO KEMPSEY
Gentle To Moderate n Slopes On Terroce ^ Remnant-RedBrown ' Forest Soils / - " x j
-F tspa lum i
27
Scales 10 chn : I inch
( b )
TO KEMPSEY Lower A l luv ium Depressions
Scale; 10 chn= I inch
88
TO K E M P S E Y
Scale: 10 chn : I inch
Gentle Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
-Na t i ve Grass Spp
100
'/ V / / » Deeper Swampland / ^ - Seldom Reglly Cfy
^^ - Couch,Buffofo,Rushes
\ 96
\ /
'Oo -pQ',
^ O o
Or,
o/,
/ Shallow Swamplond Inundoted In Wet Seasons - Couch,Buffolo With Heavy Infestat ion Of Reedy Tussock
60
Scale MOchn; I inch
90
Scale 15 c h r M i n c h
( b )
90
Old High Alluvial Flat Above The Highest Flood Levels -Kikuyu, Pcspolum
28
. TOKEMPSEY
. f i r ^
J " ' I
MACLEAY Scale: 10 c h n ' l inch
90
( c )
Very Broken Low Alluviols And Shmgle
Scale : 10 chn -.1 inch
•D c-
•c
1 / Covered With I ' - 2 ' ' ^ / Of Sond
12
V / / / ^ ^ ^ / Bodly Broken
r -E roded Down^^ To Shingle \
V I -/ ic
/ ^ ^ I
Hiah Al luvium S - K i k u y u , Paspalum j ^
I ^ \ 31 .
IQ
\ / /
- i -
31
\ 3 / -V->r
ModerateV ^ ^ Slope To \Terroce
Terrace iRemnantl , Remnant I f
\ ' '
\
TO KEMPSEY
S c a l e : l O c h n : 1 i n c h
< 1 -
( a )
( b )
TO KEMPSEY 9 2
31
/ / / 9', «t Hioher River 4)1 Al luvium ^-F looded In Most ^ Floods ^i-Cult ivated
',-Kikuyu
31
Low Alluvium -Kikuyu
Scale = 10 chn : I inch
TO KEMPSEY
112 ScQler lOchn: ! inch
92
( c )
310
Gentle To Moderate Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks Fyeviousiy Cleared, Now Covered With Dense Regrowth Of Hordwood Forest And Scrub
310
Sco le:IOchn: l inch
Gentle Tc Steep Slopes On Sedimentarv Rocks - Dense Stands Of Hard Wood Forest With Small Patches Of Cleared And Ranged Land - Iron-BarKs,Spotted Gums, Stringy Barks,Some Ti-Tree And Acacio
356
Steep Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks - Dense Herd Wood Forest And Scrub-Some Black Butt On Highest Ridges 356
Scale • 15 chn I inch
1 i
Scrub / S t e e p Forest / Slopes
/ On ' Limestone
' -Cleared I -Lontana
5 /
% <b <>,
Very Steep Slopes \ On Limestone
- Dense Hard Wood Forest \ ^Lorgely Block Butt v
vT \
on xo
O I I E
g Ctn
rv -
It
101
\ Limestone And Other 1 Sedimentary Rocks
^ 1- Scattered Hard Wood 1 And Scrub Forest With
\ [Some Lontana Low A l l u v i u r n , - r ' Cultivation ^ \ Pospolum / ^^
/
19
\ 50
\
jyoderate To Steep Slopes On Limestone ^ And Other Sedimentory Rocks xCleared - Scattered Hard Woods
^ n d Native Grass Spp
76
Scale: IOchn:l inch
95
TO KEMPSE
( b )
; Very Steep Slopes N Very Steep Slopes ; On Limestone And ^ ^ On L imestone / Other Sedimentary \ -C lea red / Rocks \ - S c a t t e r e d Lantona /
- Dense Hardwood Forest ^-lsolated Clumps Of ' pepoupera»e Rom ^ \ Forest \
110 y-Native Gross Spp N \ I /
Cleared
\
156
156^
/ / Hardwood
/ Forest
/ Dense Lantano •
% 112 j 156
^ Dense \ \ Lontana , > i I I
I >
i I —
/ / /
/ I
I /
Cleared
Me^Y
Steep Slopes
On Sedimentary
Rocks Hardwood
• 110
Dense Lon'ana With Scattered Fbtches Of ^Jatlve Grass Spp
112
Scale ••20 chn ; I inch
Forest
(c)
95
Deeper Swamp - Reeds, Rushes With Some Open Water
65
Shallow Swamplands - Couch, Bu f fa lo
43
Scale : IOchn: I inch
/ , Deeper Swamp \ - Reeds And Open Water
\ \ 65
\ N
( d )
/ / ' / ' ! ! I
/ 1 1 . •—•
\ \ ———
/ / L o w A l luv ium ! / / - P a s p a l u m , ,
/ / - >Atiite Clover ^ / / - Some Reedy / / y Tussock /
' Shallow Scattered , Oak Swamp /
/ 8
Shal low Swamp "'^"--v -Couch,Buf fa lo > -Sca t t e red To Dense /
Reedy Tussock / " O
/ / 1
1 /
1
Scale •• 10 Chn : l inch
'Poor Hard Wood ^ Forest \
-Mainly SpottedGurr.,\ IQ i ronBark *
^ p h M o d e r a t e Slopes On .cTe'crTd'^tary Rocks - Scrub And Some
Scottered Hord Woods - N a t i v e Grass Spp
Scale 10 chn I inch
ID cn
U ) - N I
98
(a)
TO K F M P S E Y 4
S t e o p S l o p e s On S e d i m e n t a r y Roc k s
- D e n s e Cover Of Poor H a r d w o o d F o r e s * And S c r u b /
M o d e r a t e To Steep Slopes On S e d i m e n t a r y R o c k s
• C l e o r e d P a s p a l u m In G u l h e s A n d Lower S l o p e s - S o m e K i k u y u W h e r e W a t e r e d N e a r B a i l s
• M o s t l y N a t i v e Gross Spp
^ower A l l u v i a l F l a t , F l o o d e d In Most F l o o d s K i k u y u
39
MACLEAY RIVER
Scale 10 chn^ I inch
(b)
98
I *
jt'v
fe'
98
( c )
M o d e r a t e S l o p e s On S e d i m e n t a r y R o c k s O c c a s i o n a l S c a t t e r e d T i m b e r A n d S c r u b
- Nat I v e G r a s s Spp S o m e P a s p a l u m A l o n g C r e e k
TO K E M P S E Y
Sea le : 2 0 c h n : I inch
(a)
99
Sca le 10 c h n : I inch
> LU IS) CL 5 LU i t O
N
Low A l l u v i u m Paspa lum Wh i t e Clover C u l t i v a t e d
3 6
tj3w Levee - K i k u y u pQspolum
C u l t i v a t e d
N 3 7
H igh Levee - K i k u y u
1 9
8 Sh ing le ,Sand ,Oak :
S c a l e •• 1 0 c h n : I i n c h
100
Gentle To Mcxlerate Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
-Cleared,Occasionol Scattered Hard Woods
-Widespread Heath Spp - Poor Cover Of Native
Grass Spp
85
( b )
Scale lOchn: I inch
100
TO KEMPSEY
Scale ^ 10 chn •• I inch
Moderate Slopes -Cleared -Notive Grass Spp
108
i i i i i i l
t. V ' <. • '
- -V . >
J8i
- — \ X \
Hardwood ^ Forest
Very Steep Slopes On ^ Sedimentary Rocks
' -Dense Hardwood Forest
\
J i \ 74
Gentle To Moderate Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
-Cleared -Native Grass Spp
> -LU CO a.
LU
;•! • -i
' > : v . .
\ — \ — ^
a o
U)
fM.-
TO KEMPSEY
/ Moderate To Steep Slopes
- Port ly Cleared - Hard Wood Forest Some Black But t On Highest Ridges Nat ive Grass Spp
43
/
G-
/ Co
.a-
/ Very Steep Slopes And Gullies in Limestone Cleared - Paspalum In Gullies Native Grass Spp
Scrub Forest I ~ ~ - - H - B r u s h B o x
I I Figs,Vines etc i. I
18 .
Moderate To Steep Slopes
182 }
I ^ ' I
( ScrubFore^'*
Scale 10 chn ^ I inch
(a)
Cleared
O OJ
Scale 10 chn ; I inch
103
Scale = 10 chn • I inch
Q
O
(b)
TO K E M P S E Y
-Hardwood ForesK '
22 Gentle Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
-C leared -Not ive Grass Spp
Scale = 10 chn • I inch
43
- TO K E M P S E Y
105
TO KEMPSEY
Scale 20chn = I inch
106
Scale 10 chn I inch
Scale : 10 chn ^ I inch
o
108
Scale . 15 chn : !mch
Scale •• 10 chn I inch
o (X>
I 1
\ Lower Alluvium \ Inundated In \ Most Floods-
\Pgspqlum \Cu i t i va f^
4 2 5 f Native Grass Spp On Slopes
425
54 / 54 Hard Wood Forest
i - l a ^ W o a f l w e s t / ^ - " ~ ~ - ^
54
tokempsey
112
Steep Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks-Cleared - Dense RegrowthOf Young Hard Wood Saplings
I I I
/ I I I
/ \
Moderate SlopesOn Sedimentary RocKs -Cleared-Scattered Hard Woods-Notive Grass Spp - Some Lantana On Higher Slopes
146
\ >
^ ^ _ _ X
Cultivation
I 18 I
i IV 1 I ' / ^
\ t . i t r , t . w . .--J
1 V/
H,gh Old Al luv ia l Terrace- A Few Scattered Herd Woods , L i 1 - paspolum-Cult ivat ion ' <>.•.••.••.-..•.-/ 90
21
Pbspo;
# »
A
um
^'cf
• < I ' - ' C
S c a l e : l O c h n : I i n c h
Steep Slopes On Sedimentary /s Rocks / \ -Cleared ' / ^^ I ^ -Cleared
* / r • N 9 8 <> -Widespread Regrowth W V s, i-/ ^^ \ Lantana And P racken
\
' \ ; r
' A
Steep Slope On SedinnentarV ^ — Rocks
Dense Forest Regrowth
2 4
\
Moderate Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks
-Cleared -Mamly Native Grass Spp
119
Scale 10 chn I inch OJ
Moderate To Steep Slopes On Sedimentary Rocks -Scattered Hard Woods lative Grasses <
/ Moderote .ToSteep
, ; VSIopes
/Forest 4 / i c 2 9
leep Alluvium A / . . - Cleared-
Paspalum
Alluvial Creek Flat
7
High Alluviol Terrace-Cleared
-Paspalum / , lowai
, - - - Fiat
^ 15 c h n : I i n c h
Slopes-SerD --^Cieored
\W.lfiSome iRegrowth
/ 2 9 / /
I
Hard Wood i Forest And' VineScrut}' •Black Butt I
I I
/
66 / /
\ /
Moderate To \
Previously Cfeared \ Rum^
Now Covered By A i Oense Forest i iegrowth And Scrub
115
Scale : lOchn: I inch
Scale '20chn = I inch
116
Scale • 10 chn I inch
Scale ^ 10 chn • I inch
I / \
I I
I A I \
\ Dense Hard Wood Forest
148 ' I
' I
J
Gentle To Moderate Slopes On Sedinnentary Rocks
-Cleared -Nat ive Grass Spp
2 9 6 /
/ 6 /
/ 'W
118
Very Low Broken A l J u v i u m Z ^
Scale ^ 15 chn : I inch TO KEMPSEY
