Growth of Lago Enriquillo in the Dominican Republic - ESE Senior Design Project

Lake Surface Area Changes in the Enriquillo BasinScientific Causes & Where we go from here?Jorge E Gonzlez (CCNY)Daniel Comarazamy (CCNY)Equisha Glen (CCNY)

Ricardo Gonzlez (INTEC)Julio Roman (Medio Ambiente) July 28, 2012Instituto Tecnolgico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)The NOAA CREST Center of the City College of New York (CCNY)

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC1OutlineBackgroundLake Surface Area AnalysisAnalysis of Meteorological VariablesLand Use AnalysisHypotheses Testing the HypothesisLocal observationsModeling Recommendations

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC2BackgroundThe Enriquillo and Sumatre lakes are saltwater lakes located in a rift valley that is a former marine strait created around 1 million years ago when the water level fell and the strait was filled in by river sediments. Lake Enriquillo is in the Dominican Republic, it is the largest lake and lowest point in the Caribbean, and the lowest point on any ocean island. Lake Sumatra is the largest lake in Haiti and the second largest lake of La Hispaniola, the brackish water lake is a twin of the Enriquillo Lake.Lake size has increased about 50% from 2004 to 2011, flooding communities. In 2010, INTEC contacted CCNY/CREST to support in researching the causes for the Lakes Growth Rates. CCNY allocated seed resources to support the effort. Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC3

Lake Enriquillo Surface Area AnalysisBorder of Lake in 1984, 2004, and 2009 Base map is image of 2004, where la Isla Cabritos is connected to the coast at 2004 Red border is lake at 1984 Blue border is lake at 2009 (la Isla Barbarita and la Islita are submerged)Lake Enriquillo Surface Area AnalysisBorder of Lake in 2009 and 2012

Lake Sumatre Surface Area AnalysisBorder of Lake in 2009 and 2012

Lakes Surface Area AnalysisBorder of Lakes in 2009 and 2012Both show an ~7% increase in 3 years

Average Enriquillo and Sumatre Lakes Surface Area 1982-June 2012 The lake grows back to its size of 1984 (276 km 2 ) at around year 2006The smallest surface area was recorded at 2004 with surface area of 165 km 2 . Size of the lake at the end of 2011 was 331 km2 , this is 17%. larger than size at 1984, and 2Xlarger than size in 2004. Shows a general increasing trend from 1984 to 2010 Area at 1984 was 115.96 km2 Area at May 2010 was 134.26 km2 15.8% increased in past 25 years.Average Lake Surface Area 1984-2011: Some NumbersEnriquillo SaumatreLake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC9Local Precipitation: Monthly AverageClimatological Seasonal Variation (Barahona & Santo Domingo)Dry season: December to MarchEarly rainfall: May to JuneLate rainfall: August to November

10Local Precipitation: 10-year Seasonal Variation 10% and 16% increase in early and late fall season, respectively, between 1980-1989 and 2000-2009 period15% decrease in rainfall for dry season between 1980-1989 and 2000-2009 period

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC1111Why is the Surface Area of the Lakes Changing Dramatically?

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC12Land Cover and Use Analysis: 1986

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC13Land Cover and Use Analysis: 2010

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC14Lake Enriquillo Watershed LCLU Changes from 1986-2010LCLU Analysis performed by MS Eva Luna Cornell UniversityLake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC15

Why is the Surface Area of the Lakes Changing Dramatically?A Hydro-Meteorology HypothesisIncreased moisture in the lake area due to increased SSTs surrounding the lake basinIncreasing runoffs due to changes in use of surrounding land and increased precipitationIncreasing fresh water production in the area due to increased horizontal rain produced mainly by orographic cloud formation in the surrounding cloud montane forestsA combination of these factors could lead to Total Lake Surface Area increase

Increase in orographic water productionIncreased precipitationReduction in evaporation Increase in Lake surface areaLake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC16Why is the Surface Area of the Lakes Changing Dramatically?A Hydro-Meteorology Hypothesis

Local Observations:Hydrological and Climate Surface Stations Location

Why is the Surface Area of the Lakes Changing Dramatically?A Hydro-Meteorology HypothesisLocal Climate Data, Barahona Station and Pedernales Peninsula Surrounding Water SST(10-point running means of daily data for air temps and pcp)

Groundwater measurements at a well located south of Lake EnriquilloWhy is the Surface Area of the Lakes Changing Dramatically?A Hydro-Meteorology HypothesisStream Flow and Pluvial Precipitation for available stationsEvaporation and Air Temperature INDRHI hydrological and climate surface stations

Observed annual precipitation from Barahona station (NCDC) Lake Surface Area & Precipitation Yearly Variation

Local Observations:Instrumentation of the Tropical Montane Cloud Forests Surrounding the Lake BasinThe hydro-meteorological hypothesis states that a change in the fresh water production in the sierras plays a key role in the recent growth of the lakes, but due to:The low hydric and climate station density in the area;Inadequate temporal coverage for long-term analysis;Lack of appropriate equipment for key variable measurements;A network of surface observation station was proposed and deployed.Analysis of Landsat images from past 10 years show cloud frequency north and south of the lake.

Based on Landsat images from 2000-2010

103 images were available (average 10/year)

The color bar indicates how frequent cloud pixels appeared in that location in the available images Cloud activity in the south is relatively highSensor placement along the Neyba Sierra from the February 2012 field campaign.

In order characterize the region, the sensors were placed along 2 paths.

Fog Gauge Apparatus (modified rain gauge)

Wind speed and direction sensors

Photosynthetically Active RadiationInstrumentation of the Neyba Sierra:Equipment Used Deployment Feb. 201226Instrumentation of the Neyba Sierra:Averaged Temperature Lapse Rate (C) for La Descubierta and Los Ros Paths

Instrumentation of the Neyba Sierra:Averaged Temperature and Humidity Profiles

Temp (C)RH (%)Instrumentation of the Neyba Sierra:Daily Total Precipitation (mm day-1)

Soil Moisture (Guard Post-204)Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC30

Sensors recommended for a more complete lake analysis/characterization, in addition to expanding the network to the Bahoruco SierraA Hydro-Meteorology Hypothesis Tested with Atmospheric ModelingThe regional and local observations are complemented by a set of numerical atmospheric simulations that allow to:Generate a gridded dataset of key variables;Incorporate the effects of climate change;Incorporate the effects of SST change;Incorporate the effects of LCLU changes;Generate valuable datasets of variables not easily measured (e.g., atmospheric liquid water content, wind patterns);This done both at specific peirods of lake growth and shrinkage, and for the complete period of satellite observations.A Hydro-Meteorology Hypothesis Tested with Atmospheric Modeling:Preliminary Results for Differences in Key VariablesTotal surface precipitation and Total liquid water content between 700-1500 mAveraged surface wind (vectors) with vertical motions (contours) and Total liquid water content along cross-section at 18.25 N Lat.

Modeling grids showing horizontal resolution of each.

April 2004 (Lowest Point) and 1995 (Shrinking Period)A Hydro-Meteorology Hypothesis Tested with Atmospheric Modeling:Preliminary Results for Differences in Key VariablesTotal surface precipitation and Total liquid water content between 700-1500 mAveraged surface wind (vectors) with vertical motions (contours) and Total liquid water content along cross-section at 18.25 N Lat.

Modeling grids showing horizontal resolution of each.

April 2010 (Growth) and 1995 (Shrinking Period)Upcoming modeling exercises recommended for a more complete lake analysis/characterizationSummary of FindingsLake Area - Lake expansion back to its size at 1984 in year 2006, and its size at the end of 2012 is 24% historically larger.

Precipitation has risen above seasonal averages for 2004 to 2011 showing correlation with lake area increases.

Both land surface temperature and sea surface temperature have been increasing very fast during the last decade resulting in increasing moisture contents in the basin.

Increase in precipitation, SSTs, and moisture content, lead to hypothesized of increases in horizontal rain production.

Land Usage No significant land use changes were found that could contribute to increases in runoff.

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC3636Recommendations For Future Studies Measurements to test the hypothesisHorizontal water production Mountain clouds over SierrasBathymetry underground inflow Water salinity Further study of extreme events (rain events which produce flooding) frequency correlations with sea surface temperature.Projections via modeling to the future with emphasis on impacts of Caribbean climate changes due to global warming on Lakes Watershed. Resources are needed to extend these works.

Lake Enriquillo Growth/CCNY/INTEC3737Chart138.9484103.705137.801666666793.10547.885394.923359.5272666667123.0308100.0087666667199.008187.1257666667145.271572.0435666667159.2193107.9650333333215.7745123.1605245.8671108.2637333333258.299680.5511333333213.906760.3745128.5948

Domincan RepublicPuerto RicoPrecipitation (mm)Dominican Republic ( 2 stations) and Puerto Rico (15 stations): 30- year Monthly Average Precipitation (1979-2009)

Final AnalysisMonth1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009Monthly AverageMonthly TotalTotal/30January5.5911.188.133.8151.565.0820.8378.9925.655.0821.0823.105.0015.805.0821.00103.382.5417.534.3227.184.060.5118.808.892.5419.10496.7016.5566666667February17.024.060.516.1026.166.603.3038.6110.6725.15204.4747.51.63.3011.9041.4073.150.2520.3222.619.400.763.815.0832.267.11221.74587.1019.5700666667BARAHONAMarch42.671.5226.425.5916.2613.97197.8759.444.063.56175.515.8413.21103.3858.9320.8038.863.3040.1359.1813.4625.653.0524.3852.587.87132.58842.601150.0838.3361333333April18.2939.626.1018.0340.6476.45246.13115.8292.7138.1064.7726.1645.7233.307.8782.800.6075.4417.0217.02136.1445.9778.9935.05105.4114.9929.7227.17854.861536.0651.2018666667May14.2282.0419.8151.5646.744.3289.41103.1295.0052.5822.1029.0086.1114.2212.9582.8043.5018.80197.36237.7430.9971.12158.2474.9376.2021.08175.00670.781910.9563.6984June105.92415.804.0629.7278.2344.9627.43388.8721.5932.776.8615.3712.7025.155.0842.600.601.789.91106.43182.3710.67359.92104.1433.5351.8212.778.922130.9571.0317333333July60.717.622.2912.955.0899.5741.408.3856.135260.252.030.6022.861.7836.078.3820.5722.61104.6564.5228.4537.8552.0730.21755.1725.1723333333August7.8779.762.036.8634.0470.36422.6613.726.609242.428.6470.8074.4025.6549.5335.8114.9995.76159.0022.35204.22214.12412.7520.82881.002106.0870.2026666667September188.7235.0519.30125.7336.5875.44192.535.59285.5082.0420.0774.6836.072.1051.5634.9049.4073.9153.09113.54186.18109.98107.19113.2820.3232.00476.0030.73493.982631.4887.716October47.2417.5345.9768.5890.93126.49406.9126.92113.5445.2191.15111.8026.671.1091.44158.1096.52237.2497.0345.47133.6013.73162.563.5643.43139.4544.70492.112486.8882.8958666667November26.670.518.6418.80191.5241.6621.5926.674.8344.960.8030.984.06155.6456.1318.8094.2368.5845.2134.0495.761.520.25153.16101.0924.6412.44647.531283.1842.7726December0.2535.056.607.3710.6722.86550.939.1456.5013.463.20205.141.7825.1557.405.33210.820.25123.441.5257.1566.861404.0346.8009333333year total535.18729.742142.75342.14604.27591.821684.02853.691295.15324.10544.69529.97275.954239.262369.952384.418604.836259.08314.962551.942667.258858.52989.076504.202960.628758.444743.7121243.838575.056Month1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009Monthly AverageMonthly TotalTotal/30January10.6725.1512.1988.3933.02121.1628.45136.4011.4322.3582.5588.901.270.5172.7036.5848.2649.7878.99203.2017.7817.7889.9238.3558.1742.6793.9857.6631.2455.151599.4953.3164666667SANTO DOMINGOFebruary12.955.8434.2945.7261.7278.7431.24182.8831.24246.1315.7566.296.86111.0029.104.0671.3710.6769.8536.0740.1319.3013.2122.862.5419.8160.204.57146.8151.081481.2249.374March25.9117.5366.8013.4657.4011.6899.0618.298.89170.94143.0032.0015.7591.6967.1025.00106.9312.7093.4744.7022.108.6427.9429.7263.2565.53164.856.6058.1754.111569.1152.3036666667April8.6417.027.6216.2618.5423.1143.6918.29109.22264.9237.085.8458.42107.001.0294.1059.6930.7362.7414.4819.81223.52200.91135.8983.3142.9315.7532.77112.5261.2164.231927.0364.2343333333May88.65138.1887.38130.30290.83156.97217.93115.0677.7272.14183.9028.196.8673.0086.36184.801.2059.6912.45131.0661.98103.1281.5388.3998.55417.32275.5928.19169.67102.62254.76123.373824.40127.4799333333June100.8418.2961.47125.4867.56172.976.35269.75199.9065.0244.7037.8528.0069.345.5012.3096.27118.11117.3554.8670.1051.82103.38125.9842.42246.13108.46129.0395.7652.3289.912697.3189.9102July159.7750.5518.2995.25121.41170.94147.5782.80164.852.54175.2618.807.1120.0318.801.3041.9052.83159.51125.9866.2984.58205.9967.31175.26136.65295.40293.37113.5442.42101.85103.813218.16107.2721333333August71.6336.8324.6485.85224.28120.90140.21260.35178.8269.3496.0143.9428.19120.1444.0037.00115.5791.19163.3291.44201.4295.0087.12240.0338.35106.68261.11216.66418.34224.03131.083932.40131.0800666667September189.7443.9427.6989.92106.68235.97417.58117.35181.10190.7597.7933.2790.8069.34101.1026.00178.56124.97156.21224.03170.69123.95219.2088.65177.0458.6774.4248.77489.9769.60140.794223.73140.7911333333October43.6952.8329.46111.51130.81162.31351.2884.33179.07126.4973.41106.430.7640.7074.68100.006.00114.05108.7163.25116.33114.81100.5892.96188.98121.92224.7975.69307.59256.2963.25116.873622.94120.7648November75.692.792.0364.0190.4236.58204.98294.3919.81248.9217.272.790.51155.80390.911.0032.69131.06170.69131.57316.9943.6916.0047.75122.4329.7298.3096.77109.2264.5296.27100.503115.57103.8522December13.7237.8516.768.1381.0350.5527.1838.61227.33168.919.9116.2648.5119.10131.5239.1217.5374.1715.2483.31191.0192.2046.7499.578.3869.6093.9842.42199.9067.881968.5065.6167333333year total801.88446.79388.62874.271221.991324.861763.011466.851541.021433.581207.01396.75218.44515.33978.15801.70342.71994.41966.221179.581155.191152.911155.951064.261355.341270.761417.571151.381540.261693.671359.410.34412903230.41787096770.83574193550.27858064522.8595483871MONTHLY AVERAGE3.2528387097Month1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009monthly AverageMonthly TotalJAN8.1318.1610.1646.1042.2963.1224.64107.7018.5413.7251.8256.003.148.1538.8921.0069.9848.2649.7878.99102.8717.6511.0558.5521.2129.3442.6756.3933.2716.8938.951168.4538.9484FEB14.994.9534.2923.116.1043.9442.6717.27110.7420.96135.64110.1135.157.504.2357.1520.5022.7371.3710.6769.8554.6120.1919.8117.9116.131.6511.8132.6418.4276.9636.581134.0537.8016666667MAR34.299.5346.619.5336.8312.83148.4638.866.4887.25159.2618.9214.4897.5463.0122.9072.9012.7093.4744.7012.7024.3843.5621.5944.453.0544.96108.717.2495.3847.891436.5647.8853APR13.4628.326.8617.1529.5949.78144.9167.06100.97151.5150.9316.0052.0770.154.4588.450.6067.5630.7362.7414.4818.42120.27168.5390.9381.1538.9960.5823.8871.1244.2057.611785.8259.5272666667MAY51.44110.1153.5990.93168.7880.65153.67109.0986.3662.36103.0028.6046.4843.6149.66133.8022.3559.6912.45131.0661.9860.96139.45163.0764.77244.22216.9251.56122.9461.85214.8896.783000.26100.0087666667JUN103.38217.0432.7777.6072.90108.9716.89329.31110.7448.9025.7826.6112.7026.5737.2124.056.4596.27118.11117.3554.8635.9430.86104.90154.1826.54303.02106.3081.2873.7932.5184.322613.7787.1257666667JUL110.2429.0810.2954.1063.25135.2694.4945.59110.492.54113.6712.547.1110.1410.411.3021.2552.83159.51125.9844.5843.18121.0337.8597.9279.63200.03178.9470.9940.1376.9669.722161.3172.0435666667AUG39.7558.2913.3446.36129.1695.63281.43137.0392.7169.3452.3223.1135.3164.3957.4055.70115.5791.19163.3258.55125.4865.4151.05167.8998.6864.52232.66215.39415.54122.43107.973238.95107.9650333333SEP189.2339.5023.50107.8271.63155.70305.0561.47233.30136.4058.9374.6834.6746.4560.4568.0037.70178.56124.97156.21148.97111.89118.75202.6999.31142.1185.9847.3740.39482.9850.17119.193694.82123.1605OCT45.4735.1837.7290.04110.87144.40379.1055.63146.3085.8582.28109.1113.7220.9083.06100.0082.05114.05108.7163.25106.43176.0298.8169.22161.2967.82193.6839.62175.51197.8753.98104.773247.91108.2637333333NOV51.181.655.3341.40140.9739.12113.28160.5312.32146.949.0416.892.29155.72223.521.0025.75131.06170.69131.57205.6156.1330.6140.89109.0915.6249.28124.97105.1644.5854.3677.952416.5380.5511333333DEC6.9936.4516.768.1343.8228.9618.9230.73389.1389.0333.2016.2630.9911.15168.3339.1217.5374.178.5154.23124.2148.77128.7849.918.3869.60108.7121.97128.5262.461811.2460.3745Average668.53588.26291.21612.27916.18958.341723.521160.271418.08914.78875.85508.83257.10381.05674.05644.21484.571020.32966.221179.58897.51852.42911.61961.391172.21887.481194.821011.051141.981468.76967.23893.86year1980-19891990-19992000-20090.26219354841588.26508.83852.422291.21257.10911.613612.27381.05961.394916.18674.051172.215958.34644.21887.4861723.52484.571194.8271160.271020.321011.0581418.08966.221141.989914.781179.581468.7610875.85897.51967.23945.88701.341056.89MONTHLY AVERAGE25.8525822346-50.695822158310.5041789408MonthAverage monthlyJAN38.95FEB36.58MAR47.89APR57.61MAY96.78JUN84.32JUL69.72AUG107.97SEP119.19OCT104.77NOV77.95DEC62.46Monthtotal MonthlyJAN496.70FEB587.10MAR1150.08APR1536.06MAY1910.95JUN2130.95JUL755.17AUG2106.08SEP2631.48OCT2486.88NOV1283.18DEC1404.0310-yr: monthly average1980-19891990-19992000-2009diciembre69.5145.7674.31enero39.6241.5838.99febrero43.9740.9327.01marzo55.5648.9640.60abril64.7140.7271.81mayo101.8558.97134.06junio104.0952.0294.93julio65.8744.5794.67dry seasonearly rainfalllate rainfallagosto97.5673.84155.911980-198952.17102.97100.17septiembre119.3393.07138.161990-199944.3055.4988.36octubre116.7480.13123.382000-200945.23114.50120.13noviembre67.06106.4163.0778.8260.5888.07-15.341810774910.065997448816.6138486441=

Final Analysis

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Time (Year)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo10-year:Annual Total - Monthly Precipitation (1980-2009)

Dr and PR

Time (Month)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 30- year Monthly Average Precipitation (1979-2009)

Time (Month)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 30- year Total Monthly Precipictation (1979-2009)

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Time (Month)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 10- year Monthly Average Precipictation (1979-2009)

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 10-year Seasonal Variation (Monthly Average)

MONTHLY AVERAGEMonth1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009monthly AverageMonthly TotalaverageJAN8.1318.1610.1646.1042.2963.1224.64107.7018.5413.7251.8256.003.148.1538.8921.0069.9848.2649.7878.99102.8717.6511.0558.5521.2129.3442.6756.3933.2716.8938.951168.4538.95FEB14.994.9534.2923.116.1043.9442.6717.27110.7420.96135.64110.1135.157.504.2357.1520.5022.7371.3710.6769.8554.6120.1919.8117.9116.131.6511.8132.6418.4276.9636.581134.0537.80MAR34.299.5346.619.5336.8312.83148.4638.866.4887.25159.2618.9214.4897.5463.0122.9072.9012.7093.4744.7012.7024.3843.5621.5944.453.0544.96108.717.2495.3847.891436.5647.89APR13.4628.326.8617.1529.5949.78144.9167.06100.97151.5150.9316.0052.0770.154.4588.450.6067.5630.7362.7414.4818.42120.27168.5390.9381.1538.9960.5823.8871.1244.2057.611785.8259.53MAY51.44110.1153.5990.93168.7880.65153.67109.0986.3662.36103.0028.6046.4843.6149.66133.8022.3559.6912.45131.0661.9860.96139.45163.0764.77244.22216.9251.56122.9461.85214.8896.783000.26100.01JUN103.38217.0432.7777.6072.90108.9716.89329.31110.7448.9025.7826.6112.7026.5737.2124.056.4596.27118.11117.3554.8635.9430.86104.90154.1826.54303.02106.3081.2873.7932.5184.322613.7787.13JUL110.2429.0810.2954.1063.25135.2694.4945.59110.492.54113.6712.547.1110.1410.411.3021.2552.83159.51125.9844.5843.18121.0337.8597.9279.63200.03178.9470.9940.1376.9669.722161.3172.04AUG39.7558.2913.3446.36129.1695.63281.43137.0392.7169.3452.3223.1135.3164.3957.4055.70115.5791.19163.3258.55125.4865.4151.05167.8998.6864.52232.66215.39415.54122.43107.973238.95107.97SEP189.2339.5023.50107.8271.63155.70305.0561.47233.30136.4058.9374.6834.6746.4560.4568.0037.70178.56124.97156.21148.97111.89118.75202.6999.31142.1185.9847.3740.39482.9850.17119.193694.82123.16OCT45.4735.1837.7290.04110.87144.40379.1055.63146.3085.8582.28109.1113.7220.9083.06100.0082.05114.05108.7163.25106.43176.0298.8169.22161.2967.82193.6839.62175.51197.8753.98104.773247.91108.26NOV51.181.655.3341.40140.9739.12113.28160.5312.32146.949.0416.892.29155.72223.521.0025.75131.06170.69131.57205.6156.1330.6140.89109.0915.6249.28124.97105.1644.5854.3677.952416.5380.55DEC6.9936.4516.768.1343.8228.9618.9230.73389.1389.0333.2016.2630.9911.15168.3339.1217.5374.178.5154.23124.2148.77128.7849.918.3869.60108.7121.97128.5262.461811.2460.37Average668.53588.26291.21612.27916.18958.341723.521160.271418.08914.78875.85508.83257.10381.05674.05644.21484.571020.32966.221179.58897.51852.42911.61961.391172.21887.481194.821011.051141.981468.76967.23893.8630-yr average of 15 station Puerto RicoPcpJan103.7051Feb93.105Mar94.9233Apr123.0308May199.0081Jun145.2715Jul159.2193Aug215.7745Sep245.8671Oct258.2996Nov213.9067Dec128.5948

JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC

Domincan RepublicPuerto RicoPrecipitation (mm)Dominican Republic ( 2 stations) and Puerto Rico (15 stations): 30- year Monthly Average Precipitation (1979-2009)

Chart1852.1666544.304323611145.227875102.971655.4927114.49685100.17132588.3597527778120.12945

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 10-year Seasonal Variation (Monthly Average)

Sheet1Month1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009Monthly AverageJanuary5.5911.188.133.8151.565.0820.8378.9925.655.0821.0823.105.0015.805.0821.00103.382.5417.534.3227.184.060.5118.808.892.5419.10496.70February17.024.060.516.1026.166.603.3038.6110.6725.15204.4747.51.63.3011.9041.4073.150.2520.3222.619.400.763.815.0832.267.11221.74587.10BARAHONAMarch42.671.5226.425.5916.2613.97197.8759.444.063.56175.515.8413.21103.3858.9320.8038.863.3040.1359.1813.4625.653.0524.3852.587.87132.58842.601150.08April18.2939.626.1018.0340.6476.45246.13115.8292.7138.1064.7726.1645.7233.307.8782.800.6075.4417.0217.02136.1445.9778.9935.05105.4114.9929.7227.17854.861536.06May14.2282.0419.8151.5646.744.3289.41103.1295.0052.5822.1029.0086.1114.2212.9582.8043.5018.80197.36237.7430.9971.12158.2474.9376.2021.08175.00670.781910.95June105.92415.804.0629.7278.2344.9627.43388.8721.5932.776.8615.3712.7025.155.0842.600.601.789.91106.43182.3710.67359.92104.1433.5351.8212.778.922130.95July60.717.622.2912.955.0899.5741.408.3856.135260.252.030.6022.861.7836.078.3820.5722.61104.6564.5228.4537.8552.0730.21755.17August7.8779.762.036.8634.0470.36422.6613.726.609242.428.6470.8074.4025.6549.5335.8114.9995.76159.0022.35204.22214.12412.7520.82881.002106.08September188.7235.0519.30125.7336.5875.44192.535.59285.5082.0420.0774.6836.072.1051.5634.9049.4073.9153.09113.54186.18109.98107.19113.2820.3232.00476.0030.73493.982631.48October47.2417.5345.9768.5890.93126.49406.9126.92113.5445.2191.15111.8026.671.1091.44158.1096.52237.2497.0345.47133.6013.73162.563.5643.43139.4544.70492.112486.88November26.670.518.6418.80191.5241.6621.5926.674.8344.960.8030.984.06155.6456.1318.8094.2368.5845.2134.0495.761.520.25153.16101.0924.6412.44647.531283.18December0.2535.056.607.3710.6722.86550.939.1456.5013.463.20205.141.7825.1557.405.33210.820.25123.441.5257.1566.861404.03year total535.18729.742142.75342.14604.27591.821684.02853.691295.15324.10544.69529.97275.954239.262369.952384.418604.836259.08314.962551.942667.258858.52989.076504.202960.628758.444743.7121243.838575.056Month1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009Monthly AverageJanuary10.6725.1512.1988.3933.02121.1628.45136.4011.4322.3582.5588.901.270.5172.7036.5848.2649.7878.99203.2017.7817.7889.9238.3558.1742.6793.9857.6631.2455.15SANTO DOMINGOFebruary12.955.8434.2945.7261.7278.7431.24182.8831.24246.1315.7566.296.86111.0029.104.0671.3710.6769.8536.0740.1319.3013.2122.862.5419.8160.204.57146.8151.08March25.9117.5366.8013.4657.4011.6899.0618.298.89170.94143.0032.0015.7591.6967.1025.00106.9312.7093.4744.7022.108.6427.9429.7263.2565.53164.856.6058.1754.11April8.6417.027.6216.2618.5423.1143.6918.29109.22264.9237.085.8458.42107.001.0294.1059.6930.7362.7414.4819.81223.52200.91135.8983.3142.9315.7532.77112.5261.2164.23May88.65138.1887.38130.30290.83156.97217.93115.0677.7272.14183.9028.196.8673.0086.36184.801.2059.6912.45131.0661.98103.1281.5388.3998.55417.32275.5928.19169.67102.62254.76123.37June100.8418.2961.47125.4867.56172.976.35269.75199.9065.0244.7037.8528.0069.345.5012.3096.27118.11117.3554.8670.1051.82103.38125.9842.42246.13108.46129.0395.7652.3289.91July159.7750.5518.2995.25121.41170.94147.5782.80164.852.54175.2618.807.1120.0318.801.3041.9052.83159.51125.9866.2984.58205.9967.31175.26136.65295.40293.37113.5442.42101.85103.81August71.6336.8324.6485.85224.28120.90140.21260.35178.8269.3496.0143.9428.19120.1444.0037.00115.5791.19163.3291.44201.4295.0087.12240.0338.35106.68261.11216.66418.34224.03131.08September189.7443.9427.6989.92106.68235.97417.58117.35181.10190.7597.7933.2790.8069.34101.1026.00178.56124.97156.21224.03170.69123.95219.2088.65177.0458.6774.4248.77489.9769.60140.79October43.6952.8329.46111.51130.81162.31351.2884.33179.07126.4973.41106.430.7640.7074.68100.006.00114.05108.7163.25116.33114.81100.5892.96188.98121.92224.7975.69307.59256.2963.25116.87November75.692.792.0364.0190.4236.58204.98294.3919.81248.9217.272.790.51155.80390.911.0032.69131.06170.69131.57316.9943.6916.0047.75122.4329.7298.3096.77109.2264.5296.27100.50December13.7237.8516.768.1381.0350.5527.1838.61227.33168.919.9116.2648.5119.10131.5239.1217.5374.1715.2483.31191.0192.2046.7499.578.3869.6093.9842.42199.9067.88year total801.88446.79388.62874.271221.991324.861763.011466.851541.021433.581207.01396.75218.44515.33978.15801.70342.71994.41966.221179.581155.191152.911155.951064.261355.341270.761417.571151.381540.261693.671359.41MONTHLY AVERAGEMonth1979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009monthly AverageJAN8.1318.1610.1646.1042.2963.1224.64107.7018.5413.7251.8256.003.148.1538.8921.0069.9848.2649.7878.99102.8717.6511.0558.5521.2129.3442.6756.3933.2716.8938.95FEB14.994.9534.2923.116.1043.9442.6717.27110.7420.96135.64110.1135.157.504.2357.1520.5022.7371.3710.6769.8554.6120.1919.8117.9116.131.6511.8132.6418.4276.9636.58MAR34.299.5346.619.5336.8312.83148.4638.866.4887.25159.2618.9214.4897.5463.0122.9072.9012.7093.4744.7012.7024.3843.5621.5944.453.0544.96108.717.2495.3847.89APR13.4628.326.8617.1529.5949.78144.9167.06100.97151.5150.9316.0052.0770.154.4588.450.6067.5630.7362.7414.4818.42120.27168.5390.9381.1538.9960.5823.8871.1244.2057.61MAY51.44110.1153.5990.93168.7880.65153.67109.0986.3662.36103.0028.6046.4843.6149.66133.8022.3559.6912.45131.0661.9860.96139.45163.0764.77244.22216.9251.56122.9461.85214.8896.78JUN103.38217.0432.7777.6072.90108.9716.89329.31110.7448.9025.7826.6112.7026.5737.2124.056.4596.27118.11117.3554.8635.9430.86104.90154.1826.54303.02106.3081.2873.7932.5184.32JUL110.2429.0810.2954.1063.25135.2694.4945.59110.492.54113.6712.547.1110.1410.411.3021.2552.83159.51125.9844.5843.18121.0337.8597.9279.63200.03178.9470.9940.1376.9669.72AUG39.7558.2913.3446.36129.1695.63281.43137.0392.7169.3452.3223.1135.3164.3957.4055.70115.5791.19163.3258.55125.4865.4151.05167.8998.6864.52232.66215.39415.54122.43107.97SEP189.2339.5023.50107.8271.63155.70305.0561.47233.30136.4058.9374.6834.6746.4560.4568.0037.70178.56124.97156.21148.97111.89118.75202.6999.31142.1185.9847.3740.39482.9850.17119.19OCT45.4735.1837.7290.04110.87144.40379.1055.63146.3085.8582.28109.1113.7220.9083.06100.0082.05114.05108.7163.25106.43176.0298.8169.22161.2967.82193.6839.62175.51197.8753.98104.77NOV51.181.655.3341.40140.9739.12113.28160.5312.32146.949.0416.892.29155.72223.521.0025.75131.06170.69131.57205.6156.1330.6140.89109.0915.6249.28124.97105.1644.5854.3677.95DEC6.9936.4516.768.1343.8228.9618.9230.73389.1389.0333.2016.2630.9911.15168.3339.1217.5374.178.5154.23124.2148.77128.7849.918.3869.60108.7121.97128.5262.46Average668.53588.26291.21612.27916.18958.341723.521160.271418.08914.78875.85508.83257.10381.05674.05644.21484.571020.32966.221179.58897.51852.42911.61961.391172.21887.481194.821011.051141.981468.76967.23893.86year1980-19891990-19992000-20091588.26508.83852.422291.21257.10911.613612.27381.05961.394916.18674.051172.215958.34644.21887.4861723.52484.571194.8271160.271020.321011.0581418.08966.221141.989914.781179.581468.7610875.85897.51967.23945.88701.341056.89MONTHLY AVERAGE25.8525822346-50.695822158310.5041789408MonthAverage monthlyJAN38.95FEB36.58MAR47.89APR57.61MAY96.78JUN84.32JUL69.72AUG107.97SEP119.19OCT104.77NOV77.95DEC62.46Monthtotal MonthlyJAN496.70FEB587.10MAR1150.08APR1536.06MAY1910.95JUN2130.95JUL755.17AUG2106.08SEP2631.48OCT2486.88NOV1283.18DEC1404.0310-yr: monthly average1980-19891990-19992000-2009diciembre69.5145.7674.31enero39.6241.5838.99febrero43.9740.9327.01marzo55.5648.9640.60abril64.7140.7271.81mayo101.8558.97134.06junio104.0952.0294.93julio65.8744.5794.67dry seasonearly rainfalllate rainfallagosto97.5673.84155.911980-198952.17102.97100.17septiembre119.3393.07138.161990-199944.3055.4988.36octubre116.7480.13123.382000-200945.23114.50120.13noviembre67.06106.4163.0778.8260.5888.07

Sheet1

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Time (Year)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo10-year:Annual Total - Monthly Precipitation (1980-2009)

Sheet2

Time (Month)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 30- year Monthly Average Precipitation (1979-2009)

Sheet3

Time (Month)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 30- year Total Monthly Precipictation (1979-2009)

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Time (Month)Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 10- year Monthly Average Precipictation (1979-2009)

1980-19891990-19992000-2009Precipitation (mm)Barahona and Santo Domingo: 10-year Seasonal Variation (Monthly Average)

Chart18-5.77-5.8-2.05-0.460.01

NE (m)/2003=5.77NE (m)/2009=-1Incremento niv.(m)=5.67NE (m)/2008=0.46NE (m)/2009=0.01Incremento niv.(m)=0.45AosN E (m)Comportamiento anual de los niveles piezomtricos en el pozo de Puerto Escondido-Duverg

Hoja15133587013000458701200015871420001

Hoja163.772.8363.771.7566.2967.3462.4956.658.3148.5542.0140.25

NE (m)/1998=63.70NE (m)/2009=40.25Incremento niv.(m)=23.45NE (m)/2008=48.55NE (m)/2009=40.25Incremento niv.(m)=8.3AosN E (m)Comportamiento anual de los niveles piezomtricos en el pozo de Los Saladillos, La Sallina

Hoja2-5.77-5.8-2.05-0.460.01

NE (m)/2003=5.77NE (m)/2009=-1Incremento niv.(m)=5.67NE (m)/2008=0.46NE (m)/2009=0.01Incremento niv.(m)=0.45AosN E (m)Comportamiento anual de los niveles piezomtricos en el pozo de Puerto Escondido-Duverg

Hoja346.348.4647.3648.0748.6348.0247.9647.6347.6347.5547.4133.1532.3141.8928.5826.1413.813.26

N E (m)/10/03/09=13.8N E (m)/19/03/09=13.26Incremento niv. (m)=0.54NE (m)/2003=47.36NE (m)/2009=13.8Incremento niv. (m)=33.56NE (m)/2008=28.58NE (m)/2009=13.8Incremento niv.(m)=14.78AosN E (m)Comportamieto anual de los niveles piezomtricos en el Pozo de Puerto Escondido-Duverg

11.9712.0712.0212.8412.9713.0712.2712.2811.8711.9411.9412.2710.1110.1214.2910.499.8610.27

NE (m)/2003=12.84NE (m)/2009=10.57Incremento niv.(m)=2.57NE (m)/2008=14.29NE (m)/2009=10.27Incremento niv.(m)=4.02AosN E (m)Comportamiento anual de los niveles piezomtricos en el pozo de Boca de Cachn-Tierra Nueva