Upload
trinhcong
View
222
Download
7
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Mission for Cluster 3 - to save humanity -
“Civilizations exist by geological consent, subject to change without notice”
Mission for Cluster 3 - to save humanity -
Human activities and our impact on the environment have inadvertently been changing climate.
Anthropogenic Impacts
– 1.1 Agriculture • 1.1.1 Fishing • 1.1.2 Irrigation • 1.1.3 Meat production • 1.1.4 Palm oil
Anthropogenic Impacts
– 1.2 Energy industry • 1.2.1 Biodiesel • 1.2.2 Coal mining and burning • 1.2.3 Electricity generation • 1.2.4 Nuclear power • 1.2.5 Oil shale industry • 1.2.6 Petroleum • 1.2.7 Reservoirs • 1.2.8 Wind power
Anthropogenic Impacts
– 1.3 Manufactured products • 1.3.1 Cleaning agents • 1.3.2 Nanotechnology • 1.3.3 Paint • 1.3.4 Paper • 1.3.5 Pesticides • 1.3.6 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Anthropogenic Impacts
– 1.4 Mining – 1.5 Transport
• 1.5.1 Aviation • 1.5.2 Roads • 1.5.3 Shipping
– 1.6 War
A 44 year measurement of carbon dioxide 60% increase in those years over the base year of 1958 a 1.36% average yearly increase over four decades
Right Planet Not too big or small: gravity Plate tectonics Molten metallic core
Right Location Not too far or near the Sun Modest size sun: 109 yrs
Right Time “Current” atmosphere KT extinction
Requirements for Life • Solar energy
– 340 Watts/m2 at ~94x106 miles • Jupiter – friend or foe • Geothermal energy
– Radioactivity : Plate tectonic • Moon
– tides • Axial tilt: ~21-23o
– Uneven heating : season • Land masses
– Mountain building: monsoon • Ocean(s)
– winds and density : heat transport • Atmosphere
– UV shield – Greenhouse effect
• Earth Spin – deflects – Magnetic field
• Gravity – Provide directional cue – Retention of gases
• Organic and inorganic materials • Water • Etc
What is Oceanography? The scientific study of the ocean
and its inhabitants • Subdisciplines
– Marine geology & geophysics – Marine chemistry or chemical oceanography – Physical oceanography – Biological oceanography & marine biology – Applied ocean science or ocean engineering – Marine policy and laws
• Marine Biology, Marine Ecology and Biological Oceanography? – Marine Biology – the biology & physiology of marine organisms – Marine Ecology – interaction of organisms with their environment & mass or
energy cycles within ecosystem – Biological Oceanography – interdisciplinary ecological discipline; focused on
the ecology of the ocean, the interaction between organisms and their environment with aspects of marine chemistry, geology and physics
Marine geology
Marine geophysics
Chemical oceanography
Physical oceanography
Marine policy and laws
Biological oceanography
Marine biology
Ocean Engineering
SIO
Marine Chemistry
Applied ocean science
Fisheries
The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.
Show me the !
2009
Anymore than this won’t buy more happiness
$50K now Or Labor of Love
Ganymede: Jupiter Callisto: Jupiter Enceladus: Saturn
Mars
Moon
Venus Practically almost all heavenly bodies have some form of water
Outer layer of around 100 km thick vs 4 km average ocean depth
DNA analysis suggests Lake Vostok harbors animal life: 2013
Europa
Five Kingdoms vs 3 Domains
Ingestion Photosynthesis Absorption Phylogeny: RNA
Robert Whittaker, 1969 Carl Woese, 1990
Classifications Linnaeus
1735 2 kingdoms
Haeckel 1866
3 kingdoms
Chatton 1925
2 Groups
Copeland 1938
4 kingdoms
Whittaker 1969
5 kingdoms
Woese et al. 1977
6 kingdoms
Woese et al. 1990
3 Domains
(not treated) Protista Prokaryote Monera Monera Eubacteria Bacteria
Archaebacteria Archaea
Eukaryote Protista Protista Protista Eukarya
Vegetabilia Plantae Fungi Fungi
Plantae Plantae
Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed - Ecocide > nuclear war or emerging disease –
Ignorance and Arrogance
• Deforestation & habitat destruction – Tropical forest gone in 30 yrs – 50 million acres/yr
• Soil problems (erosion, salinization, fertility) • Water management • Overhunting & overfishing • Effects of introduced species on native species • Human population growth • Increased per-capita impact of people • Human-caused climate change • Toxic chemical buildup
– Don’t flush medicine • Energy shortages • Full humanutilization of the Earth’s photosynthetic capacity