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Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers & National Framework for migrant Labour in India Rajesh Upadhyay National Alliance for Labor Rights and SAFP Email:[email protected] Phone : 09871484549

Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

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Page 1: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity

and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers &

National Framework for migrant Labour in India

Rajesh UpadhyayNational Alliance for Labor Rights and SAFP

Email:[email protected] : 09871484549

Page 2: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Migration

• International• Within the country

(Village to city, city to city, state to state etc)

Migration By Choice or forced : different reasons

Page 3: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Recognition

• Human Rights declaration to India’s constitution protect the right to migrate

• Migration and employment are birthrights of all human beings. Migration give pace to development at origin and destination, both.

• Need to develop protection mechanisms to migrants and their fundamental rights

Page 4: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

International Migrants Day 18 December

• On 4 December 2000, the UN General Assembly, taking into account the large and increasing number of migrants in the world, proclaimed 18 December as International Migrants Day. 

• On 18 December 1990, the General Assembly had adopted the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.

Page 5: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

General Assembly's High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development

on 14-15 September 2006

•  International migration was a growing phenomenon and that it could make a positive contribution to development in countries of origin and countries of destination provided it was supported by the right policies

• Respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of all migrants was essential to reap the benefits of international migration.

• Importance of strengthening international cooperation on international migration bilaterally, regionally and globally. 

Page 6: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Inter state Migrant Workers in India

• Identity as   Migrant       Workers • Mostly work in the unorganised sector •  Landless agricultural labourers, share croppers, fishermen, those engaged in animal husbandry, beedi rolling, labelling and packing, building and construction workers, leather workers, weavers, artisans, salt workers, workers in brick kilns and stone quarries, workers in saw mills, and workers in oil mills. 

• Bonded labourers, migrant workers, contract and casual labourers. • Toddy tappers, scavengers, carriers of head loads, drivers of animal driven vehicles, loaders and unloaders. 

• Service workers such as midwives, domestic workers, barbers, vegetable and fruit vendors, newspaper vendors, pavement vendors, hand cart operators etc.

Page 7: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

LawsMostly framed for organised sector workers with some utility to migrant workers

• The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1972• Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and

Conditions of Service) Act, 1979• Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976• Industrial Disputes Act, 1947• Trade Unions Act, 1926• Minimum Wages Act, 1948• Payment of wages Act• Compensation Act• ESI Act 1952• EPF Act 1952

Page 8: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Laws• The Factories Act, which specifies the minimum safety, health and other

working standards that have to be in place in all factories;

• The Equal Remuneration Act, which requires equal payment to men and women and prohibits discrimination against women;

• The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, which bans employing children below the age of 14 in certain industries and lays down minimum working conditions for all children;

• The Shops and Establishments Act, which sets minimum standards and working conditions for workers in shops and trading establishments;

• The Maternity Benefits Act, laying down standards for maternity leave and pregnant workers;

Page 9: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act,

1979

• The ISMW Act applies to every establishment and every contractor who has employed five or more "inter-state migrant workers" for at least one day in the past month.  An "inter-state migrant workman" is a person recruited by a contractor in one State under an agreement for working in another State.

• wages should be similar to that of local workers (and in all cases above the minimum wage), should always be paid in cash, and must include an allowance for the journey and for displacement from their home area.

Page 10: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service)

Act, 1979• Any loan obtained by a migrant worker from their employer / contractor during employment will be cancelled automatically when employment ends

• Principal employer responsible for ensuring that these wage payments and facilities are provided in case the contractor fails to do so.

• Some successes by  organisations like Prayas, but mostly difficult in implementation

Page 11: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Unorganised Sector Workers’ Social Security Act 2008

• An eyewash• No oversight body with representation from unions and there is no appellate authority 

• No provision for action against the bureaucrats who refuse to register any unorganised worker 

• The special problems of migrant workers, especially inter-State migrants, among unorganised workers, has been totally ignored by the Act.

• The special problem of women unorganised workers such as security, sexual harassment, proper accommodation for migrant women workers, issues relating to nature of work and industrial safety, gender wage gap, non-payment of wages, childcare facilities at work spot etc., have been totally neglected.

Page 12: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Unorganised Sector Workers’ Social Security Act 2008

• In many cases, the schemes put under the name of social security are nothing new, but old programmes packaged under a new set. This is not in addition to the existing programmes- rather brought together all programmes under the umbrella of Social Security Act.

• The state governments have been given a free hand to design their own schemes related to provident fund, employment injury benefit, housing, education, skill upgradation, funeral assistance and old age homes. But, none of them are mandatory on any government.

Excluded• Approximately 2.92 crore unprotected non-regular, contract,  casual workers, probationers and trainees, para workers workers in the organised sector- NSSO 61st Round, i.e., 1/3rdof the organised sector

• Around 39.35 crore in the unorganised sector of economy are excluded because of no clarity.

Page 13: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Profession/Sector Specific Laws

• The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and The Building and Other Construction Workers‘ Welfare Cess Act, 1996

•   The Maharashtra Mathadi, Hamal and Other Manual Workers (Regulation of Employment and Welfare) Act, 1969

• The Tamil Nadu Manual Workers Act, 1982• The Maharashtra Domestic Workers Act, 2008

Page 14: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Sector Specific Laws - autonomous tripartite Boards  

• Creation of one or many autonomous tripartite Boards consisting of workers' representatives, employers' representatives and government officials.  These Boards are usually the central institutional body that manages the implementation of the concerned Act.

• Registration of employers and workers with the Boards, in a similar manner to what is required by the Contract Labour Act or the Inter State Migrant Workers Act, except that in this case workers also register in order to receive benefits and protection.  

• Contributions by employers, workers and the government to welfare funds which are managed by the Boards, and which usually cover health care, gratuity funds, pensions, etc.

• Space for organising the migrant workers and extend benefits to them• Limitations in implementation

Page 15: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

New Initiatives

• Street Vendors ( Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act under consideration in Rajya Sabha

• Law for domestic workers• Migrant workers’ resource centres and labour help lines ( National Rural Livelihood Mission)

Page 16: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Future National Framework for migrant labour in India

Enabling environment

Identity

Page 17: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Housing (homelessness, shelters, permanent)

Page 18: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Livelihood security ( waste pickers, rickshaw pullers

etc)

Page 19: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Social security (improve upon 2008 act, efforts by

pension parishad..)

Page 20: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Working conditions(Audits… Safety, violence, harassment)

Page 21: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Workers’ Strength

•  Changing the  power balance• Challenges in organising – Facilitating 

unionisation • Accountability of labour department

Page 22: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Way Forward..

• Promote and strengthen organisations of migrant workers

• For migration within the country, need proper Migrant Workers Policy – Govt, CSOs and Migrant Workers groups to jointly work for this.

• Necessary laws for effective implementation of the proposed policy.

• Effective and large scale operations to establish information and support centres for migrant workers at the places of origin and destination

Page 23: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Way Forward..

• Strict implementation of existing laws/provisions  supporting migrant workers by govt and employers

• Awareness building and leadership development among migrants

• Education and skill up-gradation trainings• Adequate resource allocation for their benefits and protection, huge number of citizens involved in migration within country 

Page 24: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Advocacy for migrant workers1.  Migration and livelihood are human rights. It aids development. The realization of these rights are responsibility of governments.

2. A policy on migrant workers to organize migration and livelihood best to improve human rights and development in the country is an urgent need. The government needs draft this policy in consultation with civil society networks and ILO.

3. Appropriate laws and rules need to be framed for the proposed national migrant workers policy.

4. Migrant workers information and resource centres need to be established in every local area with help of women organizations.

5. The government departments need to implement laws that exist to promote dignity and safety of migrant workers and the civil society needs to campaign for awareness, placement and provision of services to make migrant workers living and working conditions pleasant at source, transit and destination.

Page 25: Labour Rights, Decent Livelihood and Economic Security of Migrants and dignity and security to migrant workers Laws and Policies for unorganised workers

Action for migrant workers

Council for Migrant Workers Rights ( Pravasi Mazdoor Adhikar Parishad) was set up to work in the National Capital Region (NCR) on Human rights day –December 10, 2013 in Delhi by members of National Alliance for Labor Rights. The organizational structure was elected at its general body meeting on 22 December at a public meeting in Gharoli village in District Sonepat. As a first activity the Council will register migrant workers staying and working in the NCR for the next six months. For more details contact [email protected]