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Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
used to diagnose and treat many animal health problems
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
performed in veterinary hospitals, zoos, research
facilities, and commercial labs
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
In most cases, it is the vet tech that is responsible for collecting samples and performing the tests.
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
The vet tech must:
have a good understanding of proper collection techniques and specimen handling
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
The vet tech must:
have a good understanding of use complex equipment
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
The vet tech must: be able to accurately perform the tests since the veterinarian will base treatment on the results
Laboratory TechniquesLaboratory Techniques
- hematology
- urinalysis
- susceptibility testing
- the circulatory and excretory systems
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
consists of:
- the kidneys
- the ureters
- the urinary bladder
- the urethra
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
function:
- to extract and remove waste from the blood
Urinary SystemUrinary System
Urethra Ureter
Bladder
Kidney
Urinary SystemUrinary System
Kidney
UreterUrethra
Bladder
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The Kidneys The Kidneys - paired organs located on both sides
of the spinal column and are bean-shaped in most species of animal
(cattle have several lobes)
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The Kidneys The Kidneys
- responsible for extracting and collecting waste
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The Kidneys The Kidneys consist of:
- cortex - medulla
- renal pelvis
The Kidney
Renal artery
Ureter
Cortex
Medulla
Renal pelvis
Renal capsule
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary SystemThe Kidneys The Kidneys
nephrons are directly responsible for the filtering and collection of wastes from the blood(found throughout the cortex and medulla)
The The NephronNephron
Arterioles
Glomerulus Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The Kidneys The Kidneys
Collecting ducts run through the medulla and drain into the renal pelvis.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
Urine then passes into the ureters and proceeds to the bladder.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System- The ureters are smooth muscled tubes that extend from each kidney.
- They use peristalsis to move urine to the bladder.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary SystemUrine is pushed into the bladder every 10 to 30 seconds depending on the species.
It flows in spurts rather than continuously.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The BladderThe Bladder- consists of smooth muscle
- extremely elastic sac that is capable of holding large
volumes of urine
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The BladderThe Bladder- has three openings:
- two that receive urine from the ureters
- one used to excrete urine to the urethra
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The UrethraThe Urethra- carries urine from the bladder to the exterior
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The UrethraThe Urethra- varies in length and circumference in males and females
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The UrethraThe Urethra- The female urethra is shorter in length and runs directly from the bladder to the exterior.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The UrethraThe Urethra- Males have a narrower urethra that is longer to extend through the accessory sex glands and exit through the penis.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
The UrethraThe Urethra- Males have a narrower urethra that is longer to extend through the accessory sex glands and exit through the penis.
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine Production:3 Phases of Urine Production:
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine 3 Phases of Urine Production:Production:
occur in the nephrons
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine 3 Phases of Urine Production:Production:
1. Filtration• blood enters the glomerulus
through the afferent arteriole
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine Production:3 Phases of Urine Production:1. Filtration
• under various pressures, water, salt, and small molecules move out of the glomerulus and into Bowman’s capsule
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine Production:3 Phases of Urine Production:2. Reabsorption
• occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine Production:3 Phases of Urine Production:2. Reabsorption
• substances needed by the body such as water and electrolytes will be reabsorbed by the body from the loop of Henle
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine Production:3 Phases of Urine Production:3. Secretion
• substances are secreted into the collecting tubules and transported to the renal pelvis
