Laboratory and Chemical Safety

Laboratory and Chemical Safety

• Part Two

First Aid – Accidents

• WATER – the first line for chemical contact or burns. Do not neutralize the chemical. The reaction will release heat and cause further damage to the skin

• Cuts and other injuries. First aid can be applied by the instructor or the student can be referred to the campus health center.

• If necessary, you will be taken to the school nurse, the doctor, or the emergency room. Please keep your insurance information with you at lab.

Chemical Safety

• Labeling – required to communicate chemical hazard to the person using it.

• SDS – provides information about the chemical

What is on the SDS

• 0- Date of preparation

• 1- Identification (Formula and molecular weight)

• 2- Hazard identification

• 3- Composition / information on ingredients

• 4- First aid measures

• 5- Fire-fighting measures

• 6- Accidental release measures

• 7- Handling and Storage

• 8-Exposure control / personal protection

• 9- Physical and Chemical Properties

• 10- Stability and Reactivity

• 11- Toxocological information

• 12- Ecological information

• 13- Disposal considerations

• 14- Transport information

• 15- Regulatory information

• 16- Other information

Where can you find an SDS

• SDSs must be available in the lab in some form in case a student is injured. If the injury involves a chemical, we must have the SDS for the rescue squad.

SDSs in the labYellow folder in wire cage – one page

On a shelf in one of the two lab rooms - complete

Other locations

-In the CSO’s office MCK 307, Dr Crockett

-On line (S:\Academic\CHEM\Chemical Inventory)

GHS statements – 1 highest hazard, 5 lowest listed

Acute toxicity – oral Category 1 - LD50 ≤ 5 mg/kg

Category 2 - LD50 > 5 or ≤ 50 mg/kg



Acute toxicity – dermal Category 1 - LD50 ≤ 50 mg/kg




Acute toxicity – inhalation Category 1 - LD50 ≤ 100 mg/kg




Skin corrosion or Skin irritation (visible damage) Category 1A – Exposure < 3 min, Observation < 1 hour Category 1B – Exposure < 1 hour, Observation < 14 days Category 1C – Exposure < 4 hours, Observation < 14 days Category 2 – reversible adverse effects, Draize test: ≥ 2.3 < 4 Category 3 – reversible adverse effects, Draize: ≥ 1.5 < 2.3

Serious eye damage Category 1A – positive evidence from epidemiological studies Category 1B – positive evidence in in vivo germ cell tests, human germ cell test, or in vivo somatic mutagenicity tests Category 2 - suspected or possible tests,

Reproductive toxicity Category 1A – known or presumed to cause effects on human reproduction or development based on human evidence Category 1B – known or presumed to cause effects on human reproduction or development based on experimental animals Category 2 – Human or animal evidence possibly with other information Category additional – concern for breastfed children effects on or via lactation

Specific organ toxicity – single exposure Category 1 – significant toxicity to humans – based on reliable, good quality case studies or presumed toxic based on animal tests at low exposure Category 2 – presumed to be harmful to humans – based on animal tests at moderate exposure Category 3 – transient effects – narcotic effects or respiratory tract irritation

Specific organ toxicity – repeated exposure Category 1 – significant toxicity to humans – based on reliable, good quality case studies or presumed toxic based on animal tests at low exposure Category 2 – presumed to be harmful to humans – based on animal tests at moderate exposure

Eye damage / irritation Category 1 – Serious eye damage – irreversible damage 21 days after exposure Category 2A – eye irritation – reversible in 21 days Category 2B – mild irritant – reversible in 7 days

Flammable liquidsCategory 1 – FP < 23 oC , initial BP ≤35 oCCategory 2 – FP < 23 oC, initial BP > 35 oCCategory 3 – FP ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oCCategory 4 – FP ≥ 60 oC and ≤ 93 oC

Skin sensitization -

Germ cell mutagenicity Category 1A – Know or presumed to produce heritable mutations in human germ cells based on positive evidence from epidemiological studies Category 1B – Know or presumed to produce heritable mutations in human germ cells based on positive in vivo tests in mammals or human germ cells Category 2 – Suspected or possible. May include heritable mutations in human germ cells, positive evidence from animal tests

Oxidizing solids – 3 categories

Acute aquatic toxicity Category 1 – ≤ 1.00 mg/L Category 2 – > 1.00 ≤ 10.0 mg/L Category 3 – > 10.0 < 100 mg/L

Chronic aquatic toxicity Category 1 – ≤ 1.00 mg/L, lack of rapid degradability or bioconcentration factor (BCF) <500 Category 2 – > 1.00 ≤ 10.0 mg/L , lack of rapid degradability unless BCF < 500 Category 3 – > 10.0 < 100 mg/L, lack of rapid degradability unless BCF < 500 Category 4 – > 100 mg/L, lack of rapid degradability unless BCF < 500

CarcinogenicityCategory 1A – Known human carcinogen based on human evidenceCategory 1B – Presumed human carcinogen based on demonstrated animal carcinogenicityCategory Two - Suspected carcinogen – based on limited evidence on human or animal

GHS pictograms (nine)

• Acute toxicity (fatal or severe)

• Skin corrosion / burns• Eye damage• Corrosive to metals

GHS

• Flammables• Pyrophorics• Self heating• Emits flammable gas• Self reactives• Organic peroxides

GHS

• Explosives• Self-reactives• Organic peroxides

• Aquatic toxicity

GHS

• Irritant – skin and eye

• Skin sensitizer

• Acute toxicity (harmful)

• Narcotic effects

• Respiratory tract irritant

• Hazardous to ozone layer

GHS

• Gases under pressure • Oxidizers

GHS

• Carcinogen• Mutagenicity• Reproductive toxicity• Respiratory Sensitizer• Target organ toxicity• Aspiration toxicity

Chemical Labeling - NFPA

• Blue – Health Hazard• Red – Flammability • Yellow – Reactivity • White – Special

symbol

NFPA Colors

• Blue – 4 – short exposure can cause death – ie. HCN.

• Blue – 2 – chronic exposure could cause possible injury – ie. ammonia gas.

• Red – 4 – readily vaporize and burn – propane gas.

• Red – 2 – must be heated before combustion can occur – fuel oil.

NFPA

• Yellow 4 – capable of detonation at normal temperatures – TNT

• Yellow 2 – violent chemical changes at elevated T / P or react violently with water – Ca metal

• White – ₩ – water reactive – Mg metal. OX – oxidizer – ammonium nitrate ACID - acid ALK - base COR – corrosive - radioactive

Dept. of Transportation

• Explosives – five subcategories

• Gases

DOT

• Flammable liquids • Flammable solids

DOT

• Oxidizers • Poisons

DOT

• Radioactive • Corrosives Other Hazards

Our labeling – Blue

• Blue – Health hazard, • toxic • NFPA 2 • oral LD50 < 1 g / kg • DOT class 6 (Poisons)• TSCA listed• GHS Acute toxic – oral, dermal, or inhalation• GHS Warning – narcotic effects• GHS Aquatic toxicity

Reds• Dark Red – Flammable.

• NFPA 2 • Flash point between 100o and 40 oC • DOT 3 or 4 (Flammable liquids or Flammable solids)• GHS flammable category 4 or oxidizer

• Light red • NFPA 3• Flash point between 40o and 10 oC• DOT 3 or 4 (Flammable liquids or Flammable solids)• GHS flammable category 2 or 3 or oxidizer

• Combination of the two• NFPA 4• Flash point below 10 oC• DOT 3 or 4 (Flammable liquids or Flammable solids)• GHS flammable category 1 or oxidizer

Yellow – Corrosive or an oxidizer. NFPA 2 DOT 5 or 8.GHS corrosive, warning, or oxidizer

Green – carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic. IARC 2 or listed on MSDS.GHS Health hazard

Black – an explosive or one that can form an explosive species. DOT 1 (explosives)Listed as a peroxide formerGHS – explosives

White – “no hazard for now”GHS – no symbols

Color dotsBlue – toxic, red - flammable

Blue – toxic, red on red – extremely flammable

Color dotsBlue – toxic, yellow – corrosive

Blue – toxic, large green - carcinogenic

Example

• 26 – 697 – BY

Shelf 26 - inorganic oxidizersMSDS number 697

B – blue – toxic

Y – yellow corrosive

Compound is 30% hydrogen peroxide

Example

• 10 – 642 – BR(3)YGX

Shelf 10 – nitro organics

MSDS number 642

B – toxic, R(3) – very flammable, Y – corrosive, X – explosive, G – carcinogenic

2-nitropropane (no longer on inventory)

Chemical incompatibility

• Alphabetical storage is not used completely– Sodium cyanide with sulfuric acid??– Acids with bases?

• Storage – functional groups. Organics from inorganics. Acids from alcohols.

• We combine the two methods. – Separate the chemicals by functional group.– Alphabetize within the group.

Waste from the labs

• Labeled bottles will be in the hoods. • Be sure to place chemicals in the proper

containers. Read the label!• Do not overfill a waste bottle (2/3 to 3/4). • If full, ask the stockroom manager for a new

bottle. Do not use a beaker as a waste “bottle” in the hood.

Labeling for Waste Bottles

• Laboratory_______________________________

• Experiment ______________________________

• Waste Contents __________________________

• __________________________

• __________________________

• __________________________

• __________________________

• __________________________

Fire safety

• Where are the fire exits when an alarm sounds? Look next to the lab or classroom door. Always check the route in a new building / classroom.

• What is the procedure for exiting the building? Read the directions the first time you are in the room.

• What is the procedure for after you exit the building? Go outside away from the building and get together with your class. Do not return to the dorm or classroom until the professor tells you to do so. You will be instructed by the building supervisor, police, or fire personnel.

• Never assume that it is a drill. Always leave the building

Reporting incidents

• How do we report an accident? • Use the reporting form available. Where are the

forms – in the lab, in the stockroom, or in my office.

• Reportable accidents - – Hazardous chemical spills– Bodily injury– Falls– Simple first-aid– Other as determined by CSO

Accident report form• Name______________________________ Date_____________

•

• Where exposure occurred:

• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Description of exposure/incident

• _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Type/name of chemical involved

• _____________________________________________________________________

• *please send copy of the MSDS sheet for product with this form.

•

• Lab Superviser’s signature____________________________

First Aid – Accidents

• WATER – the first line for chemical contact or burns. Do not neutralize the chemical. The reaction will release heat and cause further damage to the skin

• Cuts and other injuries. Minor first aid can be applied by the instructor or the student can be referred to the campus health center.

• If necessary, you will be taken to the school nurse, the doctor, or the emergency room. Please keep your insurance information with you at lab.

Housekeeping duties – during lab

• Broken glass - do not place into the trash cans. If glass is found in the trash, and unless we know differently, we will hold all students in the previous lab responsible.

• Trash – trash can – not in the sinks or in the broken glass box

• Chemical spills and waste – labeled bottles will be placed in the hood. Be careful to place the waste in the correct bottle if more than one bottle is present. Never fill the waste bottle over 2/3 to 3/4 full.

Housekeeping after lab

• Clean all glassware that you used

• Wipe down the benchtop (wet paper towel)

• Return your tray to the cabinet (organic lab)

• Return used glassware to the lab supply (general chem)

• Refill burets with deionized water

• Check the sinks for paper, glass, or plastic

• Put the chairs in the center opening of the table.

• Leave the area as clean or cleaner as you found it.

Chemical Hygiene Plan

• What is the CHP? This is a document that tells us how to handle hazardous chemicals on the BC campus.

• Covers. Transportation, handling, labeling etc on the BC campus.

• Any questions should come to Dr Crockett• This will be available on line by later this

term.

References• Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, ACS

• Handbook of Chemical Health and Safety, ACS

• Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, NRC

• Hazardous Chemicals and the Right to Know, Harris/Harvey

• Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Young

• Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals, Pipitone

• Environmental Compliance Assistance Guide for Colleges and Universities, APPA/CSHEMA

• Waste Disposal in Academic Institutions, Kaufman

• CFR

• Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students, Robert Hill and David Finster

Quiz!

• You will be given a quiz covering the basic safety rules and regulations that we have covered here. When finished, you will sign and turn in the quiz. This marks your attendance in the second half of this seminar.

• If both the quiz and the dress code are not turned in, you will NOT receive credit for the seminar and you will no longer be allowed to work in our labs.

Documents

Laboratory and Chemical Safety