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LABORATORIO:Parte1
PROTOZOANS:Animal‐likeorganisms
EJERCICIO688‐107(EDITION14TH)
77‐102(EDITION15TH)
h=p://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/
Goalsfortoday
• Learntousethemicroscope• Learntorecognizedthevariousprotozoanphyla.
• Learntheirmain‘diagnosMc’characterisMcs
• Learnabouttheirbiologyandtheirecological,economic,andmedicalimportance
PROTOZOAProtozoaisapolyphyleMcassemblageofanimal‐likeorganisms.ThismeanthatmanyorganismsgroupedunderProtozoaactuallyevolvedindependently,fromdifferentancestors. A new classification approach that considers PHYLOGENETICS and uses MOLECULES to construct their relationships recognizes 14 PHYLA !!!
Hickmannetal.2011
ProtozoanorganismshavetwoanimallikecharacterisMcs:
– Absenceofacellwall
– PresenceofatleastonemoMlestageinthelifecycle
PROTOZOA:Wherecanyoufindthem?
• Protozoanorganismsarefoundinavarietyofhabitats:– Freeliving
• Fresh,marine,andbrackishwater• Moistsoils
– Parasites– SymbioMcrelaMonships
PROTOZOA:whyaretheyimportant?
• Althoughprotozoaarefrequentlyoverlooked,theyareecologicallyveryimportant:
– Aspredatorsofalgae,bacteria,andmicrofungi,– Herbivores– Decomposers– Parasitesofgreatmedicalandeconomicalimportance
PROTOZOA:Amoebaproteus
• Takeaslidefromyourassignedbox
• LookattheAmebaandtrytoidenMfythenucleusandpseudopodia,contracUleandfoodvacuoles.
• Wedon’thaveanyparasiUcAmebabutlearnaboutthisspecies:Entomoebagingivalis,wheredoyouthinkitlives?
• NextweekyouneedtobringthereportofAMEBAreadytobereviewed.
PROTOZOA:AmebasAmebascanbenakedorenclosedinshells:
• Ameobaproteusisanakedamebathatlivesinfreshwater.
• Usuallyfoundintheundersideofwaterplants.
• Feedonmicroorganisms.• Theyaregranulatedinappearance
PROTOZOA:AmebasAmebasbody
• Theoutercellmembrane=plasmalemma
AmebasFeedinghabits:
• Phagocytosis:engulfingthefood
• Notethefoodvacuoles.
• LysosomeshelpdigesMon
AmebasexcreUon:• Anyundigestedproductiseliminatedatanypointofalongthe
plasmalemma.
AmebasosmoregulaUon:• ContracUlevacuole:increasesinsizeandthenrupturestothe
outside.• Thisorganelleridstheamebaoftheexcesswatertakenfromfoodor
osmosis.
Amebasnucleus:• Nucleusisdiscshapedandfinelygranulated.
PROTOZOA:Amebas
AmebaslocomoUon:• AmebasmoveandchangebodyshapebythrusMngoutpseudopodia.
• Pseudopodiaareextensionsofthecellbody.
INSERTVIDEOOFAMEBAMOVING
AmebasreproducUon:• Asexuallybybinaryfission
AnimaUon:hcp://www.classzone.com/books/hs/ca/sc/bio_07/animated_biology/bio_ch05_0149_ab_fission.html
PROTOZOA:YourTasksExercise6A:otherAmebas
• Phylum:Foraminifera– Marineshelledamebas– Secreteaskeletonof1ormore
chambers
– Skeleton:Calcareousorsilica,sandorspongespicules
– Longdelicatepseudopodia– Whendiedarefalltothe
bocomoftheoceanformingenormouslimestonedeposits
PROTOZOA:YourTasksExercise6A:otherAmebas
• Phylum:Radiolaria– Marineshelledamebas– Secreteatransparentskeleton
ofsilica
– Slenderpseudopodiacomethroughtheshellbypores
PROTOZOA:Euglena
• Takeaslidefromyourassignedbox
• LookattheEuglenaandtrytoidenMfythenucleuscontracUleandsUgma.
• DothereportEuglenaandbringitreadynextweek
PROTOZOA:EuglenaEuglenabody:• Euglenagracilisisgreenishbecauseof
chloroplaststhatcontainchlorophyll.• Bodyiscoveredbyapelliclesecretedby
theectoplasm• ThesMgmaor‘eyespot’isareddish
pigmentthatislightsensiMve
Euglenahabitat• CommoninsMllpoolsandponds
EuglenalocomoUon• Whiplikeflagellumthatmaybeyoucan
seewithreducedlight
PROTOZOA:EuglenaEuglenamovement:• Euglenagracilisisgreenishbecauseof
chloroplaststhatcontainchlorophyll.
Euglenahabitat• CommoninsMllpoolsandponds
EuglenalocomoUon
• Whiplikeflagellumthatmaybeyoucanseewithreducedlight
• Watchtheirmovementonliveindividuals
INSERVEVIDOOFEUGLENAMOVING
PROTOZOA:EuglenaEuglenaosmorregulaUon:• ContracMlevacuoleeliminatesexcessof
waterandwaste
EuglenaFeeding:• PhotosyntheMc• Carbohydratesarestoredasstarch
granulesandparamylon(carbohydratesimilartostarch)
EuglenaReproducUon• Longitudinalfissionwhenisfreeor
encysted
PROTOZOA:YourTaskExercise6B:
– Phylum:Euglenozoa• Species:Trypanosoma
Home work
• Whatdiseasesarerelatedtothisprotozoan?
• DoreportonTrypanosomaandbringitreadynextweek
Videooftheweek:MONSTERINSIDEOFME:DeathbyTsetseFlywhatisitabout?
hcp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aVUrGO97Zg
PROTOZOA:TrypanosomaTrypanosoma:• Parasitethatlivesinbloodor
Mssuesofvertebrates.• Somespeciesarenotparasites
TrypanosomaFeeding:• Osmotrophic=absorbsnutrientsdirectly
fromsurroundingbloodorbodyfluids
Trypanosomadiseases• Sleepingsickness(T.bruceigambiense,
T.b.rhodesiense,T.b.brucei).• Chagasdisease(T.cruzei).Darwinwas
believedtohavehadChagasdiseaseinhistriptoChile.
Africa:Tsetse
CentralandSouthAmerica“kissingbug”
PROTOZOA:YourTasksExercise6C:
– Phylum:Apicomplexa• Species:Plasmodium
Home work
• Whatdiseasesarerelatedtothisprotozoan?
Videooftheweek:MonstersInsideMe:Malariahcp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwsoK8O0lXE
PROTOZOA:Plasmodium
Plasmodium:
• Causesmalaria
• 300millionpeoplegetsmalariaeveryyear.
• 3millionpeopledieeveryyear.
• Twohosts:– Anophelesmosquito(female)
– Human
Plasmodiumcycle:
Home work
PROTOZOA:Paramecium
• LookatyourParameciumslide• LookatliveParamecium• YourinstructorwillshowyouaslideofParameciumtrychocysts
Look at live animals!
PROTOZOA:ParameciumParamecium:• Ciliadothatinhabitsfresh
waterenvironments.
Parameciummovement:• VeryacMveandfast!
• MovementbyciliaryacMon
ParameciumBody:
• Mouth=cystostome
• Bodycoverbyapellicle• Twonucleus:macroµnucleus
ParameciumosmorregulaUon:• ContracMlevacuole.
Parameciumnucleus:• Macronucleus:regulatesmetabolismofthecell• Micronucleus:containstheanimalgenomeandisinchargeofreproducMon.
PROTOZOA:Paramecium
ParameciumTrychocysts:• Isastructureunderthepellicle
thatwhenexplodesreleasesaliquidthathardensinwater.
• BelievedtohaveaprotecMvefuncMon.
• Whenaparameciumfeelsthreatened,trychocystsshootoutfromthecellmembranelikeminiaturearrows
Dischargedtrychocysts
Look at the slide prepared by your instructor
PROTOZOA:ParameciumParameciumfeeding:• feedonparMcuclese.g.,
bacteria• Theanalporeislocated
betweenthemouthandtheposteriorendofthebody.
• Theanalporeistemporaryonlywhenfoodisdischarged.
VideoofParameciumfeedingonYeastthathasbeenstaininred
hcp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY
ParameciumreproducUon:
• ConjugaMon
• Binaryfission
PROTOZOA:ExperimentsExperiment
• Phototaxis
• Chemotaxis
• NoMcedhowtheymove
• NoMcedtheirbehaviorwhenyouchangesoflightintensity
YourinstructorwillplaceprotozoansinapetridishandunderadissecUngscopeyoumustfollowtheirchangeinbehavior: