Lab_manual Computer Graphics by Sarika

Computer Graphics By: Ms. Sarika Arora

LAB MANUAL INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS

PROGRAMS USING C/C++

MANUAL BY:

Ms. SARIKA ARORA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

E-mail: [email protected]


Declaration

Declaration


Declaration

Declaration


Declaration

Declaration


Declaration


Declaration


Basic Structure of a graphics program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<graphics.h>//must be included for every graphics program

#include<conio.h>

#include<dos.h> //for including delay function.

void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm; //gd=detects best available graphics driver, gm =graphics mode.

initgraph(&gd,&gm,”C:\\TC\\BGI”);// for initializing graph mode

// above 2 steps are must for every graphics program.

//declaration of any variables must be done before calling initgraph() function.

// next write code for producing requiring design or drawing object

line(100,100,200,200);//draws a line segment.

getch();

}

Declaration


1. Program to show GRAPHIC DRIVER AND MODE NAME.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm;

int a,b;

initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");

setbkcolor(BLUE);

setcolor(GREEN);

a=getmaxx();

b=getmaxy();

line(15,15,(a-30),15);

line(15,15,15,(b-30));

printf("\n\n\tThe Graphic driver name is %s",getdrivername());

printf("\tThe Graphic mode name is %d",getgraphmode());

outtextxy(0,0,"(0,0)");

outtextxy((a-70),5,"(x-axis)");

outtextxy(10,(b-30),"(y-axis)");

getch();

closegraph();

}


2. Program to make SMILEY AND HALF MOON

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\turboc3\\bgi");

clrscr();

setcolor(RED);

outtextxy(250,20,"Smily_Face");

line(250,29,330,29);

setcolor(WHITE);

ellipse(55,93,90,305,50,45);

ellipse(58,92,95,270,40,45);

setcolor(MAGENTA);

circle(400,300,60);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTRED);

floodfill(401,301,MAGENTA);

setcolor(1);

ellipse(378,270,0,360,10,15);

setcolor(1);

ellipse(418,270,0,360,10,15);

line(400,290,400,320);

setcolor(4);

arc(400,330,180,360,20);

getch();

closegraph();

}


3. Program to print a shape of OLYMPIC RING.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");

setcolor(RED);

circle(250,200,50);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);

floodfill(250,200,RED);

setcolor(GREEN);

circle(250,200,30);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);

floodfill(250,200,GREEN);

setcolor(BLUE);

circle(250,200,15);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);

floodfill(250,200,BLUE);

setcolor(RED);

circle(370,200,50);



setcolor(GREEN);

circle(370,200,30);



setcolor(BLUE);

circle(370,200,15);



setcolor(RED);

circle(310,250,50);



setcolor(GREEN);


circle(310,250,30);



setcolor(BLUE);

circle(310,250,15);



setcolor(YELLOW);

outtextxy(260,320,"OLYMPIC RING");

getch();

closegraph();

}


4. Program to print grapes on the screen.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gm,gd;

gd=DETECT;


rectangle(265,140,365,150);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BROWN);

floodfill(266,141,WHITE);

rectangle(310,150,315,158);



ellipse(312,179,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(290,179,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(270,179,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(335,179,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(356,179,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(346,210,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(326,210,0,360,13,20);




ellipse(305,210,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(285,210,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(336,241,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(316,241,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(296,241,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(306,272,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(326,272,0,360,13,20);



ellipse(316,303,0,360,13,20);



outtextxy(290,100,"GRAPES");

getch();

closegraph();

}



5. Program to draw a cycle.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gd,gm;

gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"EGAVGA.BGI");

setbkcolor(YELLOW);

setcolor(DARKGRAY);

circle(150,280,70);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,DARKGRAY);

floodfill(150,280,DARKGRAY);

circle(150,280,50);

circle(500,280,70);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,DARKGRAY);


circle(500,280,50); //seat line

setcolor(DARKGRAY);

line(150,210,500,210);

line(310,189,310,210);

line(320,189,320,210);

setcolor(RED);


ellipse(315,189,0

,360,25,10);

floodfill(315,189,RED); //end seat line

setcolor(DARKGRAY);

line(500,195,500,210);

line(485,195,485,210);

setcolor(DARKGRAY);

setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,BROWN);

pieslice(492,195,0,180,30);


setcolor(GREEN);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,BROWN);

bar3d(132,165,155,188,5,1);


setcolor(DARKGRAY); //front vertical line

line(150,150,150,210); //handle line

line(132,122,180,190);

setcolor(BROWN);

ellipse(132,112,0,360,2,15);



floodfill(132,112,BROWN);

ellipse(180,180,0,360,2,15);


floodfill(180,180,BROWN); //dia line

setcolor(DARKGRAY);

line(445,210,417,322);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLACK);

pieslice(150,280,0,45,50);

pieslice(150,280,45,90,50);

pieslice(150,280,90,135,50);

pieslice(150,280,135,180,50);

pieslice(150,280,180,225,50);

pieslice(150,280,225,270,50);

pieslice(150,280,270,315,50);

pieslice(150,280,315,360,50);

pieslice(500,280,0,45,50);

pieslice(500,280,45,90,50);

pieslice(500,280,90,135,50);

pieslice(500,280,135,180,50);

pieslice(500,280,180,225,50);

pieslice(500,280,225,270,50);

pieslice(500,280,270,315,50);

pieslice(500,280,315,360,50);


setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE,2,8);

line(165,210,483,349); //PADDLES

setcolor(DARKGRAY);

line(300,270,270,300);

line(320,276,348,248);

rectangle(338,235,355,248);



rectangle(279,313,261,300);



setcolor(RED);

rectangle(50,40,590,440);



getch();

closegraph();

}



6. Program to draw a line using DIRECT METHOD.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int x,y,m,dx,dy,b,x1,y1,x2,y2;

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\turboc3\\bgi");

clrscr();

printf("Enter coordinates of a line");

scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);

dy=y2-y1;

dx=x2-x1;

m=dy/dx;

b=y-(m*x);

printf("m=%d\tb=%d",m,b);

for(x=x1;x<x2;x++)

{

if(m<1)

{

y=m*x+b;

putpixel(x,y,1);

}

}

for(y=y1;y<y2;y++)

{

if(m>=1)

{

x=(y-b)/m;

putpixel(x,y,1);

}

}

getch();

closegraph();

}



7. Program to show working of DDA LINE ALGORITHM.

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>


void main()

{

int x1,x2,y1,y2,m,x,y;

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"d:\\tc\\bgi");

cleardevice();

printf("enter the values of x1 and y1\n");

scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);

printf("enter the value of x2 and y2\n");


m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);

printf("%d",m);

if(m<1)

{

y=y1;

for(x=x1;x<=x2;x++,y+=m)

putpixel(x,y,2);

}

else

{

x=x1;

for(y=y1;y<=y2;y++,x+=1/m)

putpixel(x,y,3);

}

getch();

closegraph();

}



8. Program to show working of BRESENHAM LINE DRAWING

ALGORITHM.

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>


void main()

{

int x1,x2,y1,y2,m,p,dy,dx,y,x;

int gd=DETECT,gm;


printf("enter the value of x1,y1\n");


printf("enterthe value of x2 and y2\n");


dy=y2-y1;

dx=x2-x1;

p=2*dy-dx;

if(p<0)

{

y=y1;

for(x=x1;x<=x2;x++,y=y)

putpixel(x,y,2);

p=p+2*dy;

}

else

{

x=x1;

for(y=y1;y<=y2;y+=1,x+=1)

putpixel(x,y,4);

p=p+2*dy-2*dx;

}

getch();

closegraph();

}



9. Program to show working of BRESENHAM CIRCLE DRAWING

ALGORITHM.

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>


void plotpixel(int,int);

int xc,yc;

void main()

{

int r,x,y,p;

int gd=DETECT,gm;


printf("enter the values of xc and yc\n");

scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);

printf("enterthe values of r\n");

scanf("%d",&r);

x=0;

y=r;

p=3-2*r;

while(x<y)

{

if(p<0)

{

x=x+1;

y=y;

plotpixel(x,y);

p=p+4*x+6;

}

else

{

x=x+1;

y=y-1;

plotpixel(x,y);

p=p+4*(x-y)+10;

}

}

getch();

closegraph();

}

void plotpixel(x,y)

{

putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,1);

putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,2);

putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,3);

putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,4);


putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,5);

putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,6);

putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,7);

putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,1);

}


10. Program to TRANSLATE AN OBJECT from one place to another.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm;

int x,y,tx,ty,x1,y1,x2,y2,xt,yt,xt1,yt1;


clrscr();

printf("Enter coordinates:");

scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

printf("Enter translation factor towards x-axis:");

scanf("%d",&tx);

printf("Enter translation factor towards y-axis:");

scanf("%d",&ty);

xt=x1+tx;

yt=y1+ty;

xt1=x2+tx;

yt1=y2+ty;

rectangle(xt,yt,xt1,yt1);

getch();

closegraph();

}



11. Program to translate a circle.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm,x1,y1,tx,ty,r;


printf("enter center points and radius");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&r);

circle(x1,y1,r);

printf("enter translation factor");

scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);

x1=x1+tx;

y1=y1+ty;

printf("translated circle:");

setcolor(RED);

circle(x1,y1,r);

outtextxy(x1,y1,"translated circle");

getch();

closegraph();

}



12. Program to SCALE AN OBJECT.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm;

int x,y,sx,sy,x1,y1,x2,y2,xs,ys,xs1,ys1;


setbkcolor(GREEN);

printf("Enter coordinates:");

scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

printf("Enter scaling factor towards x-axis:");

scanf("%d",&sx);

printf("ENTER SCALING FACOR TOWARDS Y-AXIS:");

scanf("%d",&sy);

xs=x1*sx;

ys=y1*sy;

xs1=x2*sx;

ys1=y2*sy;

printf("\n AFTER SCALING");

rectangle(xs,ys,xs1,ys1);

getch();

closegraph();

}



13. Program to ROTATE AN OBJECT.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>


void main()

{

int r,x1=150,y1=100,x2=100,y2=200,x3=200,y3=200;

float xr,xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2,xn3,yn3;

int gd=DETECT,gm;


cleardevice();

printf("enter the angle of rotation\n");

scanf("%d",&r);

cleardevice();

printf("after rotation by %d degrees",r);

outtextxy(500,200,"rotation");

xr=(r*3.14)/180;

xn1=x1*cos(xr)-y1*sin(xr);

yn1=y1*cos(xr)+x1*sin(xr);





line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

line(x2,y2,x3,y3);

line(x3,y3,x1,y1);

setcolor(3);

line(xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2);



getch();

closegraph();

}



14. Program to translate an object USING MATRIX method.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int i,j,a[3][3],sx,sy,b[3][3],k,sum=0,c[3][3],e,f,g,h,m,l;

clrscr();

printf("enter the value of tx,ty\n");

scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

if(i==j)

{

a[i][j]=1;

}

else

{

a[i][j]=0;

}

}

}

a[0][2]=sx;

a[1][2]=sy;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("enter the values of x1,x2,x3 as vertices of triangle\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

}

if(i==0)

printf("enter the value of y1,y2,y3\n");

if(i==1)

printf("please enter the 1 for identical matrix\n");

}


e=b[0][0];

f=b[1][0];

g=b[0][1];

h=b[1][1];

m=b[0][2];

l=b[1][2];

line(e,f,g,h);

line(g,h,m,l);

line(m,l,e,f);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("after multiplication\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

sum=0;

for(k=0;k<3;k++)

{

sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j];

}

c[i][j]=sum;

}

}

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

e=c[0][0];

f=c[1][0];

g=c[0][1];

h=c[1][1];

m=c[0][2];

l=c[1][2];

line(e,f,g,h);

line(g,h,m,l);


line(m,l,e,f);

getch();

closegraph();

}


15. Program to scale an object USING MATRIX.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>


void main()

{

int i,j,a[3][3],sx,sy,b[3][3],k,sum=0,c[3][3],e=0,f=0,g=0,h=0,m=0,l=0;

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");

clrscr();

printf("enter the value ofsx,sy\n");

scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

if(i==j)

{

a[i][j]=1;

}

else

{

a[i][j]=0;

}

}

}

a[0][0]=sx;

a[1][1]=sy;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("enter the values of x1,x2,x3 as vertices of triangle\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

}

if(i==0)

printf("enter the value of y1,y2,y3\n");


if(i==1)

printf("please enter the 1 for identical matrix\n");

}

e=b[0][0];

f=b[1][0];

g=b[0][1];

h=b[1][1];

m=b[0][2];

l=b[1][2];

printf("\nbefore the scaling\n");

line(e,f,g,h);

line(g,h,m,l);

line(m,l,e,f);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("after multiplication\n");

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

sum=0;

for(k=0;k<3;k++)

{

sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j];

}

c[i][j]=sum;

}

}

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

e=c[0][0];

f=c[1][0];

g=c[0][1];

h=c[1][1];


m=c[0][2];

l=c[1][2];

//printf("\n showing values of e:%d,f:%d,g:%d,h:%d,m:%d,l:%d\n",e,f,g,h,m,l);

printf("\nafter the scaling\n");

line(e,f,g,h);

line(g,h,m,l);

line(m,l,e,f);

getch();

closegraph();

}


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Lab_manual Computer Graphics by Sarika