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11/5/2016
1
Lab Week 6
The Skeletal System
Part 1
Axial versus appendicular skeleton
Bone markings
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Part 1 Activities
1. Labeling Lab Manual page 117
2. Complete Skeletal System 19 (packet)
3. Complete Exercise 9 Handout Part 2
Vertebral Column
Refer to Skeletal System 28-29 for notes
Vertebral Column
• Structure
– Vertebrae (26 bones)
– Intervertebral discs
• Functions
– Protection
– Support
– Movement
Vertebral Column
• Curvatures
– Increase the resilience and flexibility of the spine
• 2 posteriorly concave curvatures
– Cervical and lumbar
• 2 posteriorly convex curvatures
– Thoracic and sacral
Vertebral Column
– Abnormal spine curvatures
• Scoliosis (abnormal lateral curve)
• Kyphosis (hunchback)
• Lordosis (swayback)
Intervertebral
disc
Intervertebral foramen
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Sectioned bodyof vertebra
Transverse process
Sectionedspinous process
Ligamentum flavum
Median section of three vertebrae, illustrating the composition
of the discs and the ligaments
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Posterior
Anterior
Lamina
Transverseprocess
Pedicle
Spinousprocess
Vertebralarch
VertebralforamenBody(centrum)
Part 2 Activities
1. Lab Manual page 91, #10 only
2. Lab Manual page 92, # 11 only
3. Lab Handouts page 17
4. Study the bones on your testable list
Hint: Use Lab Manual pages 81-85 for reference
Part 3
Thorax and Scapula
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Pectoral Girdle
• A.k.a. Thoracic or shoulder girdle
• Components
– Clavicle
– Scapula
• Function
– Attach upper limbs to axial skeleton
– Attachment points for muscles
Part 3 Activities
1. Lab Manual page 94 (thorax), #18-21
2. Lab Manual page 112 (scapula), #5 only
3. Study the bones on your testable list
Hint: Use Lab Manual pages 86-87 and 99-100 for reference
Part 4
Pelvic Girdle
Refer to Skeletal System 30 for notes
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The Pelvic Girdle
• Components
– Ossa coxae (hip bones)
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis
• Function
– Supports trunk
– Leg attachment
Pelvic Girdle
Female Male
General structure Less massive Massive, robust, heavy
Sacrum Broad, less curved Narrow, more curved
Symphysis Shallow Wide
Pelvic inlet Larger, circular Narrower, heart shaped
Pelvic outlet Wide, ischial spines
spaced
Narrow, ischial spines
close
Pubic arch Obtuse angle >90° Acute angle <90°
Obturator foramen Triangular Oval
Iliac crest Low High
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Part 4 Activities
1. Lab Manual page 114, #10 only
2. Identify the sex of the 3 skeletons provided
3. Study the bones on your testable list
Hint: Use Lab Manual pages 104-106 for reference
Part 5
Humerus
Part 5 Activities
1. Lab Manual page 113, #6 Humerus only
2. Study the bone and structures on your
testable list
Hint: Use Lab Manual page 101 for reference