Lab Module 4 - BASIC DML Commands for MySQL

8/12/2019 Lab Module 4 - BASIC DML Commands for MySQL

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Database Management System (DBM

Laurence G. D

1 |LAB MODULE 4: B A S I C D M L C o m m a n d s f o r M y S Q L

DHVTSU-CCS

Department of Information Technology

LAB MODULE 4:iBASIC DML Commands for MySQL

SQL SELECT Statement

The SELECT statementis used to select data from a database.

The result is stored in a result table, called the result-set.

SQL SELECT Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name;

And

SELECT * FROM table_name;

Note:SQL is not case sensitive. SELECT is the same as select.

An SQL SELECT Example

The "Persons" table:

P_Id LastName FirstName Address City

1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes

2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes

3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

Now we want to select the content of the columns named "LastName" and

"FirstName" from the table above.

We use the following SELECT statement:

SELECT LastName,FirstNameFROM Persons;

The result-set will look like this:

LastName FirstName

Hansen Ola

Svendson Tove

Pettersen Kari

SELECT * Example

Now we want to select all the columns from the "Persons" table.


SELECT * FROM Persons;

Tip:The asterisk (*) is a quick way of selecting all columns!





3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavang


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Laurence G. D


DHVTSU-CCS


The SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement

In a table, some of the columns may contain duplicate values. This is not a

problem, however, sometimes you will want to list only the different (distinct)values in a table.

The DISTINCT keyword can be used to return only distinct (different) values.

SQL SELECT DISTINCT Syntax

SELECT DISTINCT column_nameFROM table_name;

SELECT DISTINCT Example






Now we want to select only the distinct values from the column named "City"

from the table above.


SELECT DISTINCT CityFROM Persons;


City

Sandnes

Stavanger

The WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specriterion.

SQL WHERE Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameoperatorvalue;

WHERE Clause Example






Now we want to select only the persons living in the city "Sandnes" frotable above.


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SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE City='Sandnes';





Quotes around Text Fields

SQL uses single quotes around text values (most database systems will alsoaccept double quotes).

Although, numeric values should not be enclosed in quotes.

For text values:

THIS IS CORRECT:

SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE FirstName='Tove';

THIS IS WRONG:

SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE FirstName=Tove;

For numeric values:

THIS IS CORRECT:

SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE Year=1965;

THIS IS WRONG:

SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE Year='1965';

For date values:

THIS IS CORRECT:

SELECT * FROMpersonsWHERE testdate='2013-08-17';

THIS IS WRONG:

SELECT * FROMpersonsWHERE testdate=2013-08-17;


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Operators Allowed in the WHERE Clause

With the WHERE clause, the following operators can be used:

Operator Description

= Equal

Not equal

> Greater than

< Less than

>= Greater than or equal


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In other databases, persons with the LastName of "Hansen" or "Pettersen" will belisted, because the BETWEEN operator selects fields that are between andincluding the test values.

And in other databases, persons with the LastName of "Hansen" will be l isted, but"Pettersen" will not be listed (like the example above) , because the

BETWEEN operator selects fields between the test values, including the first testvalue and excluding the last test value.

Therefore:Check how your database treats the BETWEEN operator.

Example 2

To display the persons outside the range in the previous example, use NOTBETWEEN:

SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE LastName

NOT BETWEEN 'Hansen'AND 'Pettersen';




The SQL LIKE Operator

The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in

a column.

SQL LIKE Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameLIKEpattern;

LIKE Operator Example






Now we want to select the persons living in a city that starts with "s" from thtable above.


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE CityLIKE 's%';

The "%" sign can be used to define wildcards (missing letters in the patternbefore and after the pattern.


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Next, we want to select the persons living in a city that ends with an "s" from the"Persons" table.


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE CityLIKE '%s';





Next, we want to select the persons living in a city that contains the pattern "tav"from the "Persons" table.


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE CityLIKE '%tav%';



3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavange

It is also possible to select the persons living in a city that does NOT containpattern "tav" from the "Persons" table, by using the NOTkeyword.


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE CityNOT LIKE '%tav%';



1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandn

2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandne

SQL Wildcards

SQL wildcards can substitute for one or more characters when searching foin a database.

SQL wildcards must be used with the SQL LIKE operator.


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With SQL, the following wildcards can be used:

Wildcard Description

% A substitute for zero or more characters

_ A substitute for exactly one character

Using the _ Wildcard

Now we want to select the persons with a first name that starts with any

character, followed by "la" from the "Persons" table.


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE FirstNameLIKE '_la';




Next, we want to select the persons with a last name that starts with "S",

followed by any character, followed by "end", followed by any character, followedby "on" from the "Persons" table.


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE LastNameLIKE 'S_end_on';




SQL IN Operator

The IN operator allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause.

SQL IN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameIN (value1,value2,...);

IN Operator Example

We want to select the persons with a last name equal to "Hansen" or "Pettefrom the table above.


SELECT * FROMPersonsWHERELastNameIN('Hansen','Pettersen');


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IS NULL Operator

This operator checks for a null attribute value.

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameIS NULL;

SQL AND & OR Operators

The AND operator displays a record if both the first condition and the secondcondition is true.

The OR operator displays a record if either the first condition or the secondcondition is true.

AND Operator Example

We want to select only the persons with the first name equal to "Tove" AND the

last name equal to "Svendson":


SELECT * FROMPersonsWHEREFirstName='Tove'ANDLastName='Svendson';




OR Operator Example

Now we want to select only the persons with the first name equal to "Tove"

the first name equal to "Ola":


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE FirstName='Tove'OR FirstName='Ola';



1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandn



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Combining AND & OR

You can also combine AND and OR (use parenthesis to form complexexpressions).

Now we want to select only the persons with the last name equal to "Svendson"

AND the first name equal to "Tove" OR to "Ola":


SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERELastName='Svendson'AND (FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Ola');




SQL AND & OR Operators

The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set by a specified column.

The ORDER BY keyword sort the records in ascending order by default.

If you want to sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESCkeyword.

SQL ORDER BY Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameORDER BY column_name(s)ASC|DESC;

ORDER BY Example






Now we want to select all the persons from the table above, however, we wsort the persons by their last name.


SELECT * FROM PersonsORDER BY LastName;







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ORDER BY DESC Example

Now we want to select all the persons from the table above, however, we want to

sort the persons descending by their last name.


SELECT * FROM PersonsORDER BY LastName DESC;






SQL INSERT INTO Statement

The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert a new row in a table.

SQL INSERT INTO Syntax

It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.

The first form doesn't specify the column names where the data will be inserted,only their values:

INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1, value2, value3,...);

The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name(column1, column2, column3,...)VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...);

SQL INSERT INTO Example

We have the following "Persons" table:





Now we want to insert a new row in the "Persons" table.

We use the following SQL statement:

INSERT INTO PersonsVALUES (4,'Nilsen', 'Johan', 'Bakken 2', 'Stavanger');

The "Persons" table will now look like this:



2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavange

4 Nilsen Johan Bakken 2 Stavange


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Insert Data Only in Specified Columns

It is also possible to only add data in specific columns.

The following SQL statement will add a new row, but only add data in the "P_Id",

"LastName" and the "FirstName" columns:

INSERT INTO Persons(P_Id, LastName, FirstName)VALUES (5, 'Tjessem', 'Jakob');






4 Nilsen Johan Bakken 2 Stavanger

5 Tjessem Jakob

SQL UPDATE Statement

The UPDATEstatement is used to update existing records in a table.

SQL UPDATE Syntax

UPDATE table_nameSET column1=value, column2=value2,...WHERE some_column=some_value;

Note:Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax. The WHERE clause

specifies which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHEREclause, all records will be updated!

SQL UPDATE Example



1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandne2 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandne

3 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavan

4 Nilsen Johan Bakken 2 Stavan

5 Tjessem Jakob

Now we want to update the person "Tjessem, Jakob" in the "Persons" table.


UPDATE PersonsSETAddress='Nissestien 67', City='Sandnes'WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob';



1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandne



4 Nilsen Johan Bakken 2 Stavang

5 Tjessem Jakob Nissestien 67 Sandne


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Laurence G. D


DHVTSU-CCS


SQL UPDATE Warning

Be careful when updating records. If we had omitted the WHERE clause in the

example above, like this:

UPDATE Persons

SETAddress='Nissestien 67', City='Sandnes';

The "Persons" table would have looked like this:


1 Hansen Ola Nissestien 67 Sandnes

2 Svendson Tove Nissestien 67 Sandnes

3 Pettersen Kari Nissestien 67 Sandnes

4 Nilsen Johan Nissestien 67 Sandnes

5 Tjessem Jakob Nissestien 67 Sandnes

SQL DELETE Statement

The DELETE statement is used to delete rows in a table.

SQL DELETE Syntax

DELETE FROM table_nameWHERE some_column=some_value;

Note:Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax. The WHERE clausespecifies which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE

clause, all records will be deleted!

SQL DELETE Example







5 Tjessem Jakob Nissestien 67 Sandnes

Now we want to delete the person "Tjessem, Jakob" in the "Persons" table.


DELETE FROM PersonsWHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob';







Delete All Rows

It is possible to delete all rows in a table without deleting the table. This mthat the table structure, attributes, and indexes will be intact:


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DELETE FROM table_name;

or

DELETE * FROM table_name;

Note:Be very careful when deleting records. You cannot undo this statement!

TRUNCATE Statement

Deletes all rows within the table and resets the primary key of that table whichhas an auto_incrementattribute back to Zero (0).

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

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Lab Module 4 - BASIC DML Commands for MySQL