Lab Activity 11: Group I

Lab Activity 11: Group I

MusclesMartini Chapter 11

Portland Community CollegeBI 231

2

Origin and Insertion

• Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue.

• Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.

Muscles of facial Expression

4

frontalis • Frontal belly• Action: Elevates

eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

• Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis

• Insertion: skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose

Epicranial Aponeurosis

5

Occipitalis

• Occipital belly• Action: Pulls scalp

posteriorly; wrinkles skin on posterior surface of neck

• Origin: Superior nuchal line on occipital bone

• Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis (Galea aponeurotica)

6

• Action: Compresses nostrils, dilates nostrils

• Origin: Maxillary bone and cartilage of nose

• Insertion: Bridge of nose

Nasalis

7

Orbicularis Oculi • Action: Closes eyelids;

acts during squinting and blinking

• Origin: Medial aspect of bony orbit

• Insertion: skin around eyelids

8

Orbicularis Oris • Action: Closes and

purses lips as in speaking, kissing and whistling

• Origin: Maxillary bone; mandible

• Insertion: lips

9

• Action: Elevates corner of mouth

• Origin: Zygomatic bone• Insertion: Angle of

mouth

Zygomaticus Major

Zygomaticus minor• Action: Raises upper

lip.• Origin: Zygomatic

bone• Insertion: Upper lip

10

Mentalis

• Action: Protrudes lower lip; wrinkles skin on chin

• Origin: Anterior surface of mandible

• Insertion: skin of chin

11

Risorius• Action: Draws corner

of mouth laterally• Origin: fascia of

masseter• Insertion: corner of

mouth

12

Muscles of Mastication

13

14

Masseter • Action: Elevates

mandible to close jaw; protrudes mandible

• Origin: Zygomatic arch

• Insertion: lateral surface of the mandibular ramus

15

Temporalis • Action: Elevates

and retracts mandible to close jaw

• Origin: Temporal bone

• Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE NECK

17

• Action: Flexion and lateral flexion of neck; rotates head so that face is turned superiorly and to the opposite side.

• Origin: Manubrium; medial third of clavicle

• Insertion: Mastoid process

Sternocleidomastoid

18

• Action: Depresses and retracts hyoid bone

• Superior belly• Origin: Clavicle and first rib• Insertion: hyoid bone • Inferior belly• Origin: superior margin of

scapula• Insertion: clavicle and first

rib

Omohyoid

Thyrohyoid• Action: Depresses

hyoid bone; elevates larynx

• Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx

• Insertion: hyoid bone

19

20

• Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone during swallowing.

• Origin: Manubrium• Insertion: Hyoid bone

Sternohyoid

Stylohyoid• Action: Elevates and

retracts hyoid bone during swallowing and speaking

• Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone

• Insertion: hyoid bone

21

22

• Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth during swallowing and speaking

• Origin: Inferior margin of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

Mylohyoid

23

• Action: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue, depresses mandible

• Origin: inferior margin of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

DigastricAnterior Belly

24

• Action: Moves hyoid bone back

• Origin: mastoid process• Insertion: Hyoid bone

DigastricPosterior Belly

MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK

26

• Action: Laterally flexes of neck

• Elevates rib 1 during forced inspiration

• Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

• Insertion: 1st rib

ScalenesAnterior

27

• Action: Lateral flexion of neck



• Insertion: 1st rib

ScalenesMiddle

28

• Action: Elevates 2nd rib,



• Insertion: 2nd rib

ScalenesPosterior

29

• Action: Elevates scapula and inferior rotation of scapula

• Origin: Transverse processes of superior four cervical vertebrae

• Insertion: medial border of scapula near superior angle

Levator Scapula

30

• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

• Origin: Ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of vertebrae C7 and T1

• Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Rhomboid Minor

31

• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

• Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5.


Rhomboid Major

32

Trapezius • Action: Elevate, retracts

and depresses scapula.• Origin: Posterior surface of

occipital bone; ligamentu nuchae; spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae.

• Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula

33

Latissimus Dorsi • Action: Extension,

adduction and medial rotation of arm

• Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T6-T12; thoracolubar fascia; iliac crest; inferior three ribs

• Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

34

• Action: Extension of vertebral column

• Iliocostalis• Spinalis• Longissimus• Origin: Thoracolumbar

fascia; posterior surface of lacrum; iliac crest; spinous processes of T11-T12 and L1-L5.

Erector Spinae

Erector spinae• Insertion: • Iliocostalis: angles of ribs

and transvers processes of C4-C6

• Longissimus: transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, etc.

• Spinalis: spinous processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae

35

Inferior Serratus Posterior• Aka: serratus posterior

inferior• Action: Pulls ribs down,

resisting pull of the diaphragm

• Origin: spinous processes of the lower two thoracic and upper two or three lumbar vertebrae

• Insertion: lower borders of the bottom four ribs

36

Splenius• Action: Extension of head

and neck; lateral flexion and rotation of the head and neck

• Origin: Spinous processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae

• Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone, and transverse processes of superior cervical vertebrae

37

38

• Action: Depresses rib cage during forced expiration

• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib

• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib

Internal Intercostal

39

• Action: Elevates rib cage during inspiration

• Origin: Inferior border of superior rib

• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib

External Intercostal

40

• Action: Holds scapula to chest wall,

• Protraction and superior rotation of scapula

• Origin: External surfaces of ribs 1-8


Serratus Anterior

41

• Action: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs

• Origin: External surfaces of ribs 3-5

• Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor

42

Pectoralis Major • Action: Flexes, adducts, and

medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing

• Origin: Medial half of clavicle; sternum; costal cartilages of ribs 1-6

• Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove on humerus

Subscapularis• Action: Adduction and

medial rotation of arm.• Origin: Subscapular

fossa of scapula• Insertion: lesser

tubercle of humerus

43

Supraspinatus• Action: Abduction of

arm• Origin: supraspinous

fossa of scapula• Insertion: Greater

tubercle of humerus

44

Infraspinatus• Action: Lateral

rotation of arm• Origin: Infraspinous

fossa of scapula• Insertion: Greater

tubercle of humerus

45

Teres minor• Action: Lateral

rotation of the arm• Origin: Lateral border

of scapula• Insertion: Greater

tubercle of humerus

46

Teres major• Action: Extension,

adduction and medial rotation of arm

• Origin: Scapula, near inferior angle

• Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus

47

Deltoid• Action: • Anterior fibers: medial

rotation and flexion of arm

• Middle fibers: abduction of arm

• Posterior fibers: lateral rotation and extension of arm

48

Deltoid• Origin: Lateral third of

clavicle; acromion process; spine of scapula

• Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

49

50

• Action: Increases volume of thoracic cavity by pulling central tendon inferiorly

• Origin: Xiphoid process and inferior six ribs

• Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm

Diaphragm

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

52

• Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column

• Origin: Pubic crest; pubic symphysis

• Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Rectus Abdominis

53

• Action: Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

• Origin: External surfaces of inferior 8 ribs.

• Insertion: Linea alba; pubic crest; pubic tubercle; iliac crest

External Abdominal Oblique

54

• Action: Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

• Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; inguinal ligament

• Insertion: Linea alba; pubic crest; inferior three or four ribs

Internal Abdominal Oblique

55

• Action: Compresses abdomen

• Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; costal cartilages of inferior six ribs; iliac crest

• Insertion: linea alba; pubic crest

Transverse Abdominis

Biceps brachii• Action: Flexion and

supination of forearm; flexion of arm

• Origin: Long head: superior margin of glenoid fossa of scapula

• Short head: coracoid process of scapula

• Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius

56

Brachialis• Action: Flexion of

forearm• Origin: Anterior

surface of humerus• Insertion: Coronoid

process of ulna

57

Coracobrachialis• Action: Flexion and

adduction of arm• Origin: Coracoid

process of scapula• Insertion: Medial

surface of humerus

58

Triceps brachii• Action: Extension of forearm;

long head extends and adducts arm

• Origin: Long head: inferior margin of glenoid fossa

• Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus

• Medial head: posterior surface inferior to lateral head

• Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

59

Long Head

Lateral Head

60

The End

Documents

Lab Activity 11: Group I