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Lab 5

Cell Biology II

Learning Objectives

Describe the structures and processes required for protein synthesis.

Define a gene.

Compare chromosomes and chromatin.

Describe the process of DNA replication.

List and describe the phases of the cell cycle.

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

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Activity 1: Protein Synthesis

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > See > Animation - Protein Synthesis > Sections 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1-4.5

1. What is chromatin?

2. What it a gene?

3. Compare transcription and translation.

4. What are the functions of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

5. What’s the difference between a codon and anticodon?

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Activity 2: Protein Processing

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > See > Animation - Protein Synthesis > Section 5.1

1. Compare the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of a polypeptide.

2. Compare the transport of cellular enzymes, membrane proteins, and secretory

proteins.

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Activity 3: Protein Processes

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > Do > Interactive Exercise: Synthesize and Transport a Protein

1. What is the correct mRNA sequence if the DNA base sequence is:

TACCGATTTCCGA?

2. What is the base sequence for the start-codon on the mRNA strand?

3. What would the anti-codon sequence be for the codon UGA.

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Activity 4: Protein Processes

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > Do > Interactive Exercise: Protein-Producing Processes

1. What is the role of the Golgi complex in protein production?

2. Where does transcription take place?

3. Where is a strand of mRNA translated?

4. Describe the process of exocytosis.

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Activity 5: Cell Cycle

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > See > Animation - Gametogenesis > Sections 2.1-2.6

1. What are the three phases of interphase?

2. What is taking place during the G1 phase?

3. Describe the process of DNA replication during the S phase.

4. What is taking place during the G2 phase?

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Activity 6: Cell Cycle Quiz

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4. Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > Do > Interactive Exercise: Cell Cycle Quiz

1. Once a cell duplicates it’s chromosomes, how many DNA molecules are present?

2. What is the term for condensed, visible DNA molecules?

3. Which enzyme uncoils the DNA strand during DNA replication?

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Activity 7: Mitosis

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > See > Animation - Gametogenesis > Sections 3.1 - 3.6

1. What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

2. List the phase of mitosis.

3. Describe the appearance of the cell during prophase.

4. Metaphase?

5. Anaphase?

6. Telephase?

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Activity 8: Mitotic Phases

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4. Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > Do > Activity 3: Mitotic Phases

1. During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes not visible? What is

uncoiled and uncondensed DNA called?

2. If someone wanted to take a picture of the chromosomes, during which phase

would it be ideal? Why?

3. Cell division is not complete in telephase. What still needs to happen?

4. When the chromosomes are pulled apart, what are they called?

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Activity 9: Mitosis Match-up

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4. Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > Do > Interactive Exercise: Mitosis Match-up

1. What structure pulls the chromosomes apart?

2. How many DNA molecules are present in each cell during metaphase?

3. How many DNA molecules are present in each cell after mitosis and cytokinesis

are complete?

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Activity 10: Meiosis

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4 Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > See > Animation - Gametogenesis > Sections 4.1 - 4.13

1. Define meiosis.

2. What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells.

3. What phase is lacking between meiosis I and meiosis II, and therefore, what

process doesn’t take place?

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Activity 11: Meiosis Match-up

Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Lab Exercise 4. Cell Structure and Cell

Cycle > Do > Interactive Exercise: Meiosis Match-up

1. Explain what is taking place during cross-over.

2. What is the end-result of meiosis I?

3. Why do sperm cells determine the gender of a child?