Lab 2 - Microsoft Visio

8/10/2019 Lab 2 - Microsoft Visio

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MICROSOFT VISIO1

ENGINEERING GR PHICS


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INTRODUCTION

The design of complex chemical plantsrequires the integration of very large amounts

of diverse information.

Process designers make use of standardizedsets of graphical representations to assist in

the development and transfer of these

information sets. HOW to develop the information sets?

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LEVELS

OFDIAGRAM

BLOCK FLOWDIAGRAM

(BFD)

PROCESS

FLOWDIAGRAM

(PFD)

Piping andInstrumentation

Diagram(P&ID)

often referredto as Mechanical Flow Diagram


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COMPARISON

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Block Flow Diagram

Group of connected blocks of process units

Lines with arrows connect blocks and represent processstreams

Raw materials enter on the left

Products exit on the right

4 kinds of process units:

Mixers

Reactors

Splitters

Separators

Process

ProductsRaw Materials


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Mixer

butter

C12H22O11

flour

eggs

NaCl

NaHCO3

Chocolate chips

Raw chocolate chip

Cookie dough

Baked chocolate chip

CookiesReactor (Oven)

Raw chocolate chip

Cookie dough


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Splitter

4 dozen cookies

75% choc chip

25% peanut butter

3 dozen cookies

75% choc chip

25% peanut butter

1 dozen cookies

75% choc chip

25% peanut butter

Separator

4 dozen cookies

75% choc chip

25% peanut butter

3 dozen cookies

97.5% choc chip

2.8% peanut butter

1 dozen cookies

8.3% choc chip

91.7% peanut butter


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BFD

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FlowsheetsThe first step in any process design or analysis isthe construction of a flowsheet that shows the

major material flows and processing steps.

common flowsheet symbols

common abbreviations

The flow sheet allows for better visualization and

quantification of the process.

A picture is worth a thousand words.

A process flow sheet is comprised of units,

represented by simple shapes like circles or

rectangles.


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Some common flowsheet symbols

Pumps are used to increase a fluids pressure so the fluid will flow from high

pressure to low pressure, or used to condense a fluid or increase the speed of

a chemical reaction.Gas compressora different unit description is used as the fluid responds

differently than liquid in a pump (ie increase in pressure causes gas to condense)

Gas expander or turbine is similar but with flows reversed.

Valves are needed to control flows between various units.


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Combiner and splitter:

Avoid crossing streams. If streams must cross,you need to indicate whether they mix or not.

streams cross

without mixingAmbiguous streams combine

and split


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Example


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tabulate processdesign values forthe components in

differentoperating modes,typical minimum,

normal andmaximum.

PFD


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PFD Should NOT include:

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pipe classes pipe line numbersminor bypass

lines

isolation and shutoff

valves

maintenance

vents and

drains

relief and safety valves

code class information


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SYMBOLS FOR DRAWING PFD

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PFD 17


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P&ID

A family of functional one-line diagrams showing hull,mechanical and electrical (HM&E) systems like piping,and cable block diagrams.

Show the interconnection of process equipment and

the instrumentation used to control the process. They are the primary schematic drawings used for

laying out a process control installation in a factory orplant.

A standard set of symbols may be used to preparedrawings of processes, for instance the instrumentsymbols used may be based on Instrument Society ofAmerica (ISA) Standard S5.1.

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A P&ID should not include :

Instrument

root valvescontrol relays

manual

switches

equipment rating

or capacity

primary

instrumenttubing and valves

pressure

temperature andflow data

elbow, tees and

similar standard

fittings

extensive

explanatory

notes

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P&ID

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The P&ID mixes pneumatic / hydraulic elements, electricalelements and instruments on the same diagram

It uses a set of symbols defined in the ISA S5.1 standard.

Examples of pneumatic / hydraulic symbols:

pipe

valve

binary (or solenoid) valve (on/off)

350 kW heater

vessel / reactor

pump, also

heat exchangeranalog valve (continuous)

one-way valve (diode)


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P&ID 23


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INSTRUMENTATION IDENTIFICATION

V1528

FIC

S

tag name of thecorresponding

variable

function

(here: valve)

mover(here: solenoid)

The first letter defines the measured or initiating variables such as Analysis (A), Flow (F),

Temperature (T), etc. with succeeding letters defining readout, passive, or output functions such

as Indicator (I), Record (R), Transmit (T), and so forth. *(C for control)


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INTRODUCTION TO VISIO

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10/16/2014

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General Equipment & Details


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Vessel, Pump & Others


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EXERCISE 1 : PFD

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Draw a PFD from the following simplified

description of the synthesis of ammonia:

A mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen is fed to a

catalytic reactor where some of the hydrogen and

nitrogen is converted to ammonia. The reactor

effluent is sent to a condenser where all of the

ammonia is condensed. The condensed ammonia is

sent to product storage. The uncondensed hydrogen

and nitrogen are recycled by being mixed with afresh feed of the same composition. The resulting

mixture is fed to the reactor.


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Type of process?

Reactor and condenser are continuous

Storage tank is semi-continuous

Reaction: N2 + 3H2 2NH3


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A mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen is fed to a catalytic

reactor where some of the hydrogen and nitrogen is

converted to ammonia. The reactor effluent is sent to a

condenser where all of the ammonia is condensed. The

condensed ammonia is sent to product storage. The

uncondensed hydrogen and nitrogen are recycled by being

mixed with a fresh feed of the same composition. The

resultingmixture is fed to the reactor.

Step 1 is the feed to the reactor:

reactorfeedN2H2

effluent

NH3N2H2


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A mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen is fed to a catalytic reactor

where some of the hydrogen and nitrogen is converted to

ammonia. The reactor effluent is sent to a condenser where all

of the ammonia is condensed. The condensed ammonia is sentto product storage. The uncondensed hydrogen and nitrogen

are recycled by being mixed with a fresh feed of the same

composition. The resulting mixture is fed to the reactor.

Step 2 is to purify the product:

reactorfeed

N2H2

effluent

NH3N2H2

condenser

NH3liquid


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of the ammonia is condensed. The condensed ammonia is sent

to product storage. The uncondensed hydrogen and nitrogen

are recycled by being mixed with a fresh feed of the same


Step 3 is to send product to storage:

reactorfeed

N2H2 effluent

NH3N2H2

condenser

NH3liquid

Storage

tank



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of the ammonia is condensed. The condensed ammonia is sent

to product storage. The uncondensed hydrogen and nitrogenare recycled by being mixed with a fresh feed of the same


Step 4 is to recycle unreacted feeds:

reactorfeed

N2H2 effluent

NH3N2H2

condenser

NH3liquid

Storage

tank

N2, H2

recycle

purge


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EXERCISE 2: CREATING A P&ID

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Instrumentation and Control

Instruments are used to sense process variables anddrive control valves.

These are denoted on P&IDs by circles with letters:

Valves are connected by solid lines to the point wherevariables are measured, and by dotted lines to theequipment they control

LC FRC

FRC


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As 1st letter As 2ndletter As 3rd

letterA analyzer Alarm Alarm

C - controller controller

F flow - -

I - indicator -

L Level/liquid level -

P Pressure - -

R - Recorder -

T Temperature - -

V - - Valve

D Differential Differential -

r ratio ratio -

Instrumentation symbols


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First letter describes the variable sensed by the

instrument: Pressure (P), Temperature (T), Flow (F), levelor liquid level (L or LL), composition (A)

The second and third letters describe the action taken:

Record ( R), Indicate (I), Sound an alarm (A), or Control

(C ) Explain the symbols:

LC FRC


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42Description

Main pieces of equipment are the column (C1),accumulator drum (D1), reboiler (E2) and condenser(E1).

The distillation column (C1) separates the feed streamaccording to volatility into overhead and bottoms

products.

The heat exchangers (E1) and (E2) condense theoverhead vapours and partially vaporize the liquid from

the bottom of the column. The drum (D1) accumulates the condensed liquid and

also accommodates surges in overhead product rate.

Control elements are shown by circles and dashed lines.


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43Control elements

The rate of bottoms withdrawal is controlled by the liquid level in thebottom of the column. When the level rises the valve is opened to increasethe withdrawal rate and thus lower the level.

The net bottoms flow is controlled by an analyzer (with recorder) which sets

the flow controller on the steam to the reboiler to maintain the bottomscomposition within specified limits.

The net overhead is withdrawn from the drum on level control (ie when thelevel in D1 rises the valve is opened). This keeps the level in the tank withina preset upper and lower limits.

The rate at which reflux is returned to the column is controlled by the

Temperature at a particular point in the column, when this temperature risesthe valve is opened and more reflux flows to the column. This instrument isan indicator as well as a controller so it sends a signal proportional to thetemperature to a readout instrument in the control room.

The column is feed controlled by an FRC.

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Lab 2 - Microsoft Visio