deri

ves

from

the

Gre

ek

“lan

than

ein”

mea

ning

to li

e

(hid

den)

.

Lanth

anum La

138,91

1,1

[Xe] 5d 6s1 1

57

SolidSilvery white,

metallic.

Uses:gas lantern

mantles, camera and

telescope lenses and

hybrid car batteries.

Lanthanum

A Coleman gas lantern mantle

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

um

Lan

than

ide

Ceri

um Ce

140,12

1,1

[Xe] 4f s26 2

58

SolidSoft, silvery, ductile

metal.

Uses: self cleaning

ovens, lighter flints,

to polish optical com

ponents, in incandes-

cent gas mantles.

-

Cerium

is n

amed

aft

er th

e dw

arf

plan

et C

eres

; cer

es is

der

ived

from

the

Lat

in w

ord

mea

ning

“to

grow

”.

Cer

ium

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Spark from a lighter flint

Pra

seodym

ium Pr

140,91

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s3 2

59

SolidSoft, silvery,

malleable metal.

Gives glass and ena-

mels a yellow

colour; used in

alloys for aircraft

engines.

ductile

and

Praseodymium-colored glass

Praseodymium

is n

amed

aft

er th

e G

reek

“pra

sios

did

ymos

”, m

eani

ng

“gre

en tw

in”.Pra

seod

ymiu

m

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Neodym

ium

144,24

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s4 2

60

SolidSoft, silvery metal.

Usesd in powerful

magnets; to colour

glass in shades from

violet to wine-red.

Neodymium

is d

eriv

ed f

rom

the

Gre

ek

“neo

s di

dym

os”,

mea

ning

“new

twin

”.

Neo

dym

ium

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Neodymium magnet

Nd

Pro

meth

ium Pm

146,92

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s5 2

61

SolidAll promethium iso-

topes are radio-

active; promethium

salts luminesce with

a pale

blue glow.Was used

in luminous paint.

greenish or

Pitchblendecontains

trace amountsof promethium

is n

amed

nam

ed a

fter

“Pro

met

heus

”, a

Gre

ek g

od.

Prom

ethi

um

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

145Pm (most stable) decays

with a half-life 17,7 years.

Sam

rium Sm

150,36

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s6 2

62

SolidHard silvery metal.

Samarium-cobalt

magnets are used in

small motors, head-

phones. Used in

infra-red absorbing

glass.

Samarskite

is n

amed

aft

er th

e m

iner

al

“Sam

arsk

ite”,

whi

ch w

as

nam

ed a

fter

“Col

onel

Vas

ili

Samar

sky-

Byk

hove

ts”,

a

Rus

sian

min

e of

fici

al.Sam

ariu

m

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

The discoverer of samarium:

Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.

Euro

piu

m Eu151,96

1,0

[Xe] 4f 6s7 2

63

SolidFairly hard silvery

metal.

Used in colour TV

tubes, mercury and

energy saving lamps;

Isotopes are good

neutron absorbers.

Europium

is n

amed

aft

er E

urop

e.

Eur

opiu

m

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Europium is used to make thered color in CRT televisions.

Gadoli

niu

m Gd157,25

1,1

[Xe] 4f 5d 6s7 1 2

64

SolidSilvery-white

malleable.

Used

to diagnose

osteoporosis;

in MRI-, PET scans.

metal,

ductile &

to make green

phosphors for colour

TV;

Gadolinium

is n

amed

aft

er J

ohan

Gad

olin

,

a Fin

nish

che

mis

t.

Gad

olin

ium

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

PET scan of the human brain.

Gadolinium-153 is used in

positron emission tomography (PET).

Terb

ium Tb

158,93

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s9 2

65

SolidSilvery-white

malleable.

Used in iPods, fiber

optics,

wind turbines.

metal,

ductile &

TVs and

Terbium

is n

amed

aft

er“Y

tterb

y”, t

he

villa

ge in

Sw

eden

.Terbi

um

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Terbium sulfate, Tb (SO )2 4 3

Terbium sulfate fluoresces

green under

ultraviolet light.

Dysp

rosi

um Dy

162,50

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s10 2

66

SolidMetallic silver

lustre.

Used in iPods, laser

materials, CD disks,

wind turbines and

hybrid vehicles.

Dysprosium

is d

eriv

ed f

rom

the

Gre

ek

“dys

pros

itos”

, mea

ning

“har

d

to g

et a

t”.

Dys

pros

ium

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Dysprosium ceramic fibers

Holm

ium Ho

164,93

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s11 2

67

Solidsilverywhite, metal-

lic, soft & malleable.

microwave

equipment, i

Used in

n lasers,

as yellow or red

colouring for glass.

Holmium

is f

rom

the

Lat

in“H

olm

ia”,

mea

ning

Sto

ckho

lm.

Hol

miu

m

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Optical calibration standard:

solution of 4% holmium oxide

in 10% perchloric acid.

Erb

ium Er

167,26

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s12 2

68

SolidSilvery-white .

Used in fiber optics,

.

metal

Tvs, pink coloring in

glass and to make

artificial gemstones

Erbium

is n

amed

aft

er“Y

tterb

y”, t

he

villa

ge in

Sw

eden

.Erb

ium

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Monazite sand,

the source of many rare earth metals.

Thuli

um Tm

168,93

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s13 2

69Thulium

is f

rom

the

Gre

ek: “

Thu

le”,

a

myt

hica

l cou

ntry

in th

e fa

r

nort

h, p

erha

ps S

cand

inav

ia.

Thu

lium

Lan

than

ide

SolidSilvery-grey metal,

easily workable, but

very rare.

Used in portable X-

ray devices.

Lan

than

ide

Monazite, Ce(PO ),

from Madagascar4

Ytt

erb

ium Yb

173,04

1,1

[Xe] 4f 6s14 2

70

SolidSoft, silvery .

Used in dentistry,

stainless steel, lasers

and portable X-ray

machines.

metal

Ytterbium

is n

amed

aft

er“Y

tterb

y”, t

he

villa

ge in

Sw

eden

.

Ytte

rbiu

m

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Mobile X-Ray machine Image f

rom

:

htt

p:/

/ww

w.d

iytr

ade.c

om

/chin

a/4

/pro

ducts

/5679995/M

obil

e_X

_R

ay_M

achin

e_50m

a.h

tml

Lute

tium Lu

174,97

1,1

[Xe] 4f 5d 6s14 1 2

71

SolidSilvery white

Used

experimental

nuclear medicine.

metal;

very rare.

as a catalyst in

petroleum refineries,

in

Lutetium

is n

amed

aft

er th

e L

atin

“Lut

etia

”, th

e ci

ty o

f Par

is.

Lut

etiu

m

Lan

than

ide

Lan

than

ide

Structure of LuTaO

with atoms: O(red), Ta(blue) and Lu(green.4,