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8/14/2019 LA Now Volumes 3 and 4, Chapters 2A-2B
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downtown Arts Districtproposals
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D i u r n a l c i t y
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DiurnalCity
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site plan (downtown Los Angeles)
target study area
project scopetotal residential: 15,110,927 sq. ft.total residents: 28,000
total development: 32,993,500 sq. ft.total building space: 30,670,177 sq. ft.total open space: 2,323,323 sq. ft.floor area ratio: 6.2
project site
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Los Angeles downtown currently stands as an unattractive, underutilized, and largely symbolic center of the city. Theresidential population remains low, yet everyday over 500,000 urban nomads commute into and out of downtown. Thehuge influx and outflow of people occurs at approximately the same time daily, and there are few attractions to keeppeople downtown after business hours. This situation exacerbates the burden on an already congested freeway sys-tem; yet, a neverending expansion of the freeway system is an unproductive solution.
The goal of DiurnalCity is to transform an underused downtown into a twenty-four-hour city, extending the time that
people stay in downtown. First, this will help to reactivate downtown and turn it into an attractive urban center. Sec-ond, the traffic congestion problem will be alleviated by spreading the number of people entering and leaving down-town over a longer time span.
Housing, an integral part of the proposal, would accommodate an additional 28,000 residents-one-third of the project-ed downtown population growth by the year 2020beyond the current downtown population of 36,000. The projectstarget residents would be downtown office workers, and the enhanced connectivity to the Financial District wouldencourage walking and public transportation, further reducing freeway and street traffic.
The key to realizing the concept of a twenty-four-hour city lies in the intensification along First Street, a vibrant activ-ity corridor that connects the living and working areas. Intensification involves creating a wide variety of amenities to
fit a range of schedules, which would ultimately enrich urban life and transform downtown into a walkable, lively citytwenty-four hours a day.
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museum
educational
clubs
collective space
theater
public/community
religious
retail/entertainment
of ces
existing condition program importation strategy
proposed open areaproposed development areaMTA stationactive area (existing)offices
SCI-Arc
proposed stationAlameda Station
Japanese AmericanNational MuseumLittleTokyo
MOCA GeffenContemporary
City Hall
GrandCentralMarket
Civic CenterStation
L.A. Cathedral
MOCA
Music Center
Disney Concert Hall
activity pattern along First Street program working pattern
FinancialDistrict
offices
public transportation
retail/market
entertainment
bookstore/library
cafe
restaurant
bar/club
concert hall
movie theater/theaterart gallery/student exhibitart school/business school/trade schooltemple/church
communitycenter
housing
grocery/supermarket
gym
sporting fields
jogging track
park
The existing land use pattern provides the conditionsand potential to create an activity corridor along FirstStreet by filling in the time gap.This insertion of additional programswhich werelackingresults in a 24-hour activity corridor.
compelling potential attraction for downtown Los Angeles By providing additional transportationFinancial District with the proposed residential area.
projectsite
FinancialDistrict
projectsite
FinancialDistrict
projectsite
FinancialDistrict
projectsite
afternoon
evening
night
morning
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program / intensificationCreating a population density equivalent to that of West Hollywood or Culver City in the downtownsite. The integration of diverse programs with transportation systems and pedestrian oriented site
case study: Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
West Hollywood
total land area:
total population:population density:
1,210 acres
35,71629.51 persons/acre
recreationalparks:area per person:
culturalmuseums:auditoriums:studios/fine arts:art galleries: retaildepartment stores:clothing:books:records/CDs:sporting goods:
entertainmentrestaurants:cafes/bakeries:bars/clubs:amusement places:movie theaters:video rental: domestic retailgrocery stores:major supermarkets:banks:gas/service stations:laundry/dry cleaners:pharmacies:gyms/health clubs:
educationalart/music:preschool:K12:college/university:
business/vocational:computer training:language:tutoring/test preparation:
4 (16.97 acres)20.69 sq. ft./person
00434
388123
591645003
3051052399
6421
1000
Culver City
toal land area:
total population:population density:
3,200 acres
38,81612.13 persons/acre
13 (88 acres)98.75 sq. ft./person
12160
6277810
38221011 (4)2
19320141383
5994
4400
dsmt
subway Hanzomo Line
Shibuya Station
Subway GinzaLine
Japan Railroad Line
eastbus terminal
westbus terminalTokyo Line
to Daikanyama/Sakuragaoka(Yokohama)
to Ebisu/Shinagawa
to Akasaka/Nihonbashi
to Akasaka/Ginza
to HarajukuShinjukuds: department stores
mt: movie theaters
programmatic research on cities in Los Angeles County
dsds
ds
ds
ds
ds
dsmt
mt
ds
recreationalparks:area per person:
culturalmuseums:auditoriums:studios/fine arts:art galleries: retaildepartment stores:clothing:books:records/CDs:sporting goods:
entertainmentrestaurants:cafes/bakeries:bars/clubs:amusement places:movie theaters:video rental: domestic retailgrocery stores:major supermarkets:banks:gas/service stations:laundry/dry cleaners:pharmacies:gyms/health clubs:
educationalart/music:preschool:K12:college/university:
business/vocational:computer training:language:tutoring/test preparation:
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study area will increase the density five-fold within the target area and thirty-fold within the projectstrategies will help create a twenty-hour, hyperactive urban community, much like Shibuya in Tokyo.
70.5 acres87.7 sq. ft./person
451035
54510125
602040223
20310815104
5321
2220
to San Francisco/Sacramento
to East L.A.
Union Station
rapid train station
Alameda Atation(Metro Gold Line) proposed station
(Metro Gold Line)
to San Diego
SCI-Arc.
ArtistDistrict
MOCA
JapaneseAmericanMuseum
LittleTokyo
downtown study area
total land area:
total population:population density:
612.6 acres
6,99811.42 persons/acre
17.15 acres106.7 sq. ft./person
4205
11682
16133000
12001641
2020
0020
proposed
612.6 acress
35,00057.13 persons/acre
proposed on site
60.5 acre
18,063298.56 persons/acre
44.05 acres106.23 sq. ft./person
001030
434443
44730222
8286963
3100
2200
intensification and program importation
Culver City
3,210 acres38,616 people12.13 persons/acre
downtown target
study area
612.6 acres6,998 people11.42 persons/acre
proposed
612.6 acres35,000 people57.13 persons/acre
intensification
programimportation
site60.5 acres18,063 people298.56 persons/acre
DiurnalCity
recreationalparks:area per person:
culturalmuseums:auditoriums:studios/fine arts:art galleries: retaildepartment stores:clothing:books:records/CDs:sporting goods:
entertainmentrestaurants:cafes/bakeries:bars/clubs:amusement places:movie theaters:video rental: domestic retailgrocery stores:major supermarkets:banks:gas/service stations:laundry/dry cleaners:pharmacies:gyms/health clubs:
educationalart/music:preschool:K12:college/university:
business/vocational:computer training:language:tutoring/test preparation:
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figure-ground plans | 30 ft. | 50 ft. | 70 ft.
target study area plan
site boundaries
site plan
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the siteThe projects development intensifies along First Street, reinforcing its role as the connective spine be-tween downtown and the DiurnalCity. While a majority of the development occurs withi site boundaries,
some components extend offsite, merging with and negotiating existing conditions.
| 100 ft. | 120 ft. | 250 ft. | 350
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program distributionCarefully analyzed typologies of different programs are arrayed in an unconventional three-dimen-
sional organization, inducing unexpected and vibrant spatial relationships. These resultant urbanevents occur at different levels and times within DiurnalCity.
on-site developmentresidential:retail / entertainment:domestic retail:cultural:educational:indoor flexible space:parking:parks and open space:residential park:
10,471,487 sq. ft.1,938,489 sq. ft.
476,515 sq. ft.743,529 sq. ft.847,222 sq. ft.136,644 sq. ft.
5,884,675 sq. ft.1,513,655 sq. ft.
405,204 sq. ft.
off-site developmentextension of development from siteconnecting to Financial District
residential:other:open space:
4,639,440 sq. ft.5,532,176 sq. ft.
404,464 sq. ft.
overall development
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retail / entertainment
department stores:clothing:books:records/CDs:sporting goods:
434443
restaurants:cafes/bakeries:bars/clubs:amusement places:movie theaters:video rental:
447
30222
total area: 1,938,489 sq. ft.
indoor flexible spaces
total area: 136,644 sq. ft.auditorium:multi-use spaces:
52
A combination of traditional shopping-mall typology and fragmentsof small buildings along First Street act as a strong urban attractionfor the downtown area during the day and evening.
Versatile indoor spaces adapt to different functions (exhibitionspaces, community spaces, gyms, theaters, etc.) throughoutthe day.
educational
art/music:preschool:business/vocational:computer training:
3122
a
b
c
cultural
studios/fine arts:art galleries:
1030
total area: 743,529 sq. ft.
Different schools share the same spaces at different times ofthe day (morning/afternoon: art, evening: business/computer,late night: vocational).
a: classroomsb: admin, library, common areac: studios and workshop
A cultural pedestrian network connects different functions atdifferent levels, allowing cross-programming (cultural-educa-tional, cultural-entertainment, cultural-retail, cultural-housing).
residentialtotal area: 10,471,487 sq. ft.total residential population: 18,063
total area: 476,515 sq. sf.grocery stores:major super markets:banks:gas stations:
8286
domestic retailTo provide easy access for residents, domestic retail spaces arelocated on the mid-levels of residential towers connected to thevertical circulation cores and residential park area.
total area: 847,222 sq. f.t.
laundry/dry cleaners:pharmacy:gyms/health clubs:
963
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parking
- total number of parking spaces: 25,745parking for residents: 13,000parking for visitors: 12,700
- total area: 5,884,675 sq. ft.
residential pedestrian circulation
vehicular circulation public pedestrian circulation
public and private pedestrian network on high level
public pedestrian network on lower levelWhile First Street will be restricted to public transportation tocreate a pedestrian friendly street, other streets will be config-ured for easy accessibility to the site and parking areas.
public transportation
a
b
c
d
a: proposed rapid train stationb: Alameda Metro Gold Line stationc: proposed Metro Gold Line stationd. bus lines (existing and proposed)
combined pedestrian circulationcombined pedestrian circulation creates a three-dimensionallabyrinthine network
Underground parking areas reduce the impact on ground levelactivities while maintaining accessibility to the site.
A combination of rail, light-rail, and different bus systems willprovide easy connection to downtown and the rest of the city.
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the cultural pedestrian networkcultural, educational, and indoor flexible space
acessibility to transportationall vehicular circulation in relation to residences
symbiotic relationship between educational, cultural facilities,and indoor flexibile space induced by careful design of paths
easy accessibility from residential area to all traffic system
movementAn expanded transportation system offers convenient access to the site and downtown. The integra-tive circulation system also includes a labyrinthine pedestrian network, which cuts through the variousprograms at different levels.
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open spacesActive and passive open spaces with different sizes, degrees of privacy, and levels provide over 100 sq. ft.of open space per person5 times the open-space ratio of West Hollywood, twice that of Santa Monica,and a comparable ratio to Culver City.
the neighborhoodresidential park and domestic retailThe park surface and domestic retail area on the mid-level ofresidential towers provide a secondary pedestrian street exclu-sively for the residents.
housing
programmed park surface
domestic retail
circulatory park surface
housing
vertical circulation core D i u r n a l c i t y
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parks and open spacesin relation to residences
parks and open spaces in relationto retail and entertainment
Open spaces per resident ratio is in proximity to space thatwould be available in private yards of a suburban houses whichcharacterize Los Angeles.
Multi-functional collective open spaces change in function andcharacter with different activities throughout the day.
residential park
ac
b
c
b
a: tennis courtb: sky gardenc: playground
parks and open spaces
total area: 1,513,655 sq. ft.
ab
c
d
e
f
h
a: sports fieldb: sports fieldc: sports fieldd: plaza
e: arenaf: outdoor cafeg: parkh: farmers market
Active and passive open spaces foster a variety of activities,allowing flexibility in use throughout the day.
g
total area: 405,204 sq. ft.
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1 bedroom 900 sq. ft.total floor area:total units:persons/unit:total residents:
5,095,800 sq. ft.5,6621.810,192
type 1
2 bedroom 1,500 sq. ft.
3 bedroom 2,300 s.f.total floor area:total units:persons/unit:total residents:
2,288,500 sq. ft.9952.75,186
type 3
total floor area:total units:persons/unit:total residents:
3,382,500 sq. ft.2,2552.35,186
type 2
housing typology
living room andkitchen
bedrooms
bedroom
livingroom
kitchen
bathroom
bedroom
living room
kitchen
bathroombedroom
living room
bedroom
bedroom
bathroom
familyroom
bedroom
kitchen
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housingDiurnalCity offers a variety of housing types, targeting different demographic groups from studentsto families. The majority of the units are designed for young professionals working in downtown andseeking a vibrant, pedestrian-oriented, social, and urban lifestyle.
2 bedroom 1,500 sq. ft. unittargets young professionals and couples
type 2
1 bedroom 900 sq. ft. unittargets students and young professionals
type 1
3 bedroom 2,300 sq. ft. unittargets families
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continuous activity throughout the site, day and night through their arrays of visual and programmatic
20:00 00:00 04:00
flexible spaceamount of space use
retail /domestic retail
entertain-ment
educational
cul-tural
0 (h) 6 12 18 24
0.0
1.0
(million sq. ft.)
0 (h) 6 12 18 24
theater
lecture hall
exhibition hall
outdoor space
a b
c d
0% of flexible space in use
pattern A
50% of flexible space in use
pattern B
75% of flexible space in use
pattern C
flexible space
flexible spaceuse pattern
strategy locating flexible space
extension ofinfrastructural lines
generation ofpedestrian corridors
interconnected
collective spaces
view lines
view
a b
c d
a
c
d
infrastructural lines
flexible spacehours of operation
educationalculturalentertainmentretail/domestic retail
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8
DiurnalCityRather than spending money to expand the existing freeway system to support an ever-increasinging and augmented attractions, which will extend the active hours of downtown, will combine to
Downtown Los Angeles+80,000(or 1 Newport Beach)
Los Angeles
projected distribution
1. downtown2. Van Nuys3. Hollywood4. Northridge5. Eagle Rock6. San pedro7. Venice8. rest of the city
2000
3,823,000
36,000163,000222,030
40,75024,00072,15038,000
2020
4,628,400
121,000213,000267,03070,75050,00092,15047,000
growth
805,400
85,00050,00045,00030,00026,00020,0009,000
335,400
(or 1 san francisco)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
commuter population:downtown Los Angeles500,000 (or 1 New Orleans)200,000 (private)300,000 (government)
2020 projected populationCity of Los Angeles
destinationorigin survey mapfinancial and government sector
destinationorigin survey mapretail, wholesale, manufacturing sector
existing08:00
proposed08:00
intensity versus timedowntown
12:00
12:00
16:00
16:00
commuter originaproximate regional distribution:
1. Beverly Hills/Westside2. Pasadena3. Santa Monica4. Los Angeles Midcity5. Alhambra/Montery Park6. Burbank/Glendale7. Orange County8. Topanga Canyon/Malibu9. Los Angeles Highland Park
commuter originaproximate regional distribution:
1. Pasadena2. Burbank /Glendale3. Torrance4. Alhambra /Montery Park5. Los Angeles Mid city6. Orange County7. Santa Monica /
West Los Angeles8. Ga rden Grove9. Los Angeles Highland park
10. Los Angeles Hollywood11. South Los Angeles
18%17%12%11%10%10%8%
6%5%4%4%
18%16%15%12%11%10%8%6%4%
6%
15%
18%12%
10%
4%16%
11%
8%
8%
12%6%
10%
4%
10% 11%
18%17%
5%
4%
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20:00
20:00
00:00
00:00
04:00
04:00
activity pattern versus time
0 6 12 18 24hoff-downtown
offices
market
shopping
eating
residenceschool
entertainmentcultural
sports/gym
off-downtown
offices
market
shopping
eating
residenceschool
entertainmentcultural
sports/gym
traffic versus timeexisting downtown
0 24h126 18
threshold
0 24h126 18
threshold
number of automobiles, funding should be reallocated to subsidize downtown developments. New hous-significantly reduce the population that travels on the freeways during rush hour.
traffic versus timeproposed downtown
0 6 12 18 24h
business person (downtown resident)business persongovernment employee
proposed downtown
existing downtown
merchanttouriststudent
number of cars number of cars
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E l a s t i C i t y57
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In creating a dense residential environment to support and foster the inevitable growth of downtown, ElastiCity investigates alternative strategiesfor zoning, seeking systematic methods that are adaptable to local conditions. The objective is to be methodical without being oppressive or cookie-cutter, hopefully avoiding the pitfalls of both the Modernists and the New Urbanists. Strategies employed will work within established planning pro-cesses and simultaneously subvert them. In this way, ElastiCity attempts to contribute to the dialogue to establish alternative models for large-scaleresidential planning within urban environments.
The area sandwiched between the Los Angeles river and Alameda Street provides for unique conditions relative to other areas of Los Angeles, butnot unlike those found in other urban environments, such as the Rust Belt cities of Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis. Located adjacent to downtown,the 227-acre industrialized site provides the possibility for higher residential densities, immediate connections to regional transportation infrastruc-tures, multiple hubs of economic activity, diverse cultural linkages, jarring social juxtapositions, the natural ecologies of the river, and subtle shiftsof topography. It is a confluence of environmental and human factors: urbanism in its glory and grit.
Much of the heavily industrialized area has the potential for higher use value. At the same time, many existing elements are rich, raw and unfortu-nately easily dispensable. creative enclaves of local artists and students tenuously holds onto converted live-work spaces, SCI-Arc grapples with itslease on a historic building, and the homeless and the drug-addicted wander from the adjacent Skid Row containment area looking for safe shelter.There exists something undeniably edgy that gives the area an inimitable character. To the north, east, and west are strong local adjacenciesUnionStation, the Los Angeles river, and Little Tokyo, respectively. Interestingly, all three of these have regional connections and implications. The projectis informed by and takes advantage of such dualities of scale.
Battery Park, New York, serves this project as a model of urban density at seventy-five units per acre which translates into 17,000 housing units,accommodating a significant portion of the expected downtown housing growth and providing housing for five percent of the downtown workforce,eliminating millions of vehicle miles traveled. As a means to address high density, ElastiCity borrows from the hyper-rational housing models fromModernist planner Ludwig Hilberseimer and mixes with it the flexibility of sectional zoning and networked circulation. Vertical zoning envelopes areestablished based on local conditions, adjacencies and desired density. Programmatic envelopes are based on issues of direct solar access, with
residential units requiring the most (minimally four hours per day); commercial, office and institutional space requiring less; and infrastructuralrequiring none at all. An above-ground circulation network is established to connect residential blocks and define areas of residential support ser-vices. The variegated ground surface is based on circulation patterns, the river, brownfield excavation and subterranean infrastructure. The shapeof the development over time could vary based on a host of local factors such as political and developmental will, economics, desired populationdensities, and changing social conditions.
The rendered scheme represents only one of an infinite number of possible topological variations. It illustrates an intensification of existing siteconditions and their potentialities-high density around Union Station and the rivers edge, moderate density around the existing Arts District to thesouth, and open park space linking the river to the rest of the downtown community at First Street, providing ample recreation space and a socialmixing bowl. At the micro-scale, this scheme provides for housing at multiple scales for the areas diverse lifestyle constituencies and engageswith the local context. At a macro-scale, it creates and connects to regional infrastructures (recreation space, subterranean parking for downtown,local and interstate transportation), helping to create a healthy and vibrant downtown community.
m
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infrastructureA unique nature of this site lies in its ability to be a strategic contributor towards its immediatecontext, greater downtown, and regionally throughout Los Angeles. Located amidst the rapidlyevolving plans of downtown Los Angeles development, this site can begin to benefit multiple areas.With a projected 35% population increase by the year 2025, the city is in need of revisiting the is-sue of infrastructure and its adequacy to sustain its citizens lifestyles. Furthermore, the issue ofinfrastructure is not only a notion to be tackled by Los Angeles, but rather one that will span cul-tural, economic and social boundaries, mandating attention from cities and countries worldwideas urban populations increase.
The program for site is fundamentally infrastructural. The project supports human activities onmultiple levels: housing to support the worker population, transportation hubs for regional con-nectivity, auto parking with shuttles for the continued growth of the downtown worker population,recreational amenities and river access, local and regional educational facilities, and places forpublic gathering.
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housing and Modernism with a projected 90,000 new units necessary each year to ac-commodate population growth, the housing situation in Los Angeles draws parallels to thepost-War crisis in Europe. While many areas of the city can not accommodate a hyper-denseenvironment, downtown Los Angeles has both the precedent and the infrastructure to do so.ElastiCity began with a reconsideration of early Modernist utopian proposals: Le CorbusiersPlan Voisin, Richard Neutras Rush City, and the rigorous planning devices of Ludwig Hilber-seimer, the ultimate model of housing efficiency. Taking the basic premise of densification andrelentless efficiency explored by these models, our goal is to suggest an alternative to currentdevelopment strategies. While Los Angeless condition as a sprawling, networked, multi-nodal
city introduces its own benefits and complexities, the notion that growth and development inthe region can happen by increasing density and limiting sprawl has been largely underex-plored.
450,000 workers 35,000 residents25,000 workers10,000 artists/students/other
5%
* providing housing for 5% of the daily downtown workforce would each day:eliminate 19,000 automobiles on roads and freewayseliminate 700,000 million vehicle miles traveledsave 22,000 hours of commute timesave 30,000 gallons of gasolineremove 150,000 pounds of carbon from the atmosphere
workforce housing
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Hermosa Beach
ElastiCity vs. Hermosa Beach
ElastiCity
clustered model
distributed model
The city of Hermosa Beach providesan interesting comparative study withElastiCity since both are primarily resi-dential environments. Both are linearwaterfront communitites with a heavyorientation toward regional-scale ac-tivity and both have a perpendicularaxis that bisects the community. WhileElastiCity has 500% more population,the much smaller land area results in
significantly increased density. Ratherthan cluster services in a traditionalmanner along arterials, services aredistributed more evenly across the fieldof development.
total land area: 832 acrestotal population: 19,175population density: 23 persons/acre
[11 units/acre]leisure parks: 20gyms/health clubs: 7culture
museums: 2auditoriums: 1studios/fine arts: 0art galleries: 0educationschools: 3libraries: 1shoppingdepartment stores: 1clothing: 12books: 3records/cds: 2sporting goods: 24entertainmentrestaurants: 97cafes/bakeries: 0amusement places: 0movie theaters: 1video rentals: 3essentialsgrocery shops: 5major super markets: 4banks: 4gas/service stations: 0laundry/dry cleaners: 2pharmacies: 2
total land area: 227 acrestotal population: 35,000population density: 152 persons/acre
[70 units/acre]leisure parks: 1gyms/health clubs: 10culturemuseums: 1auditoriums: 2studios/fine arts: 21art galleries: 16education schools: 2libraries: 0shoppingdepartment stores: 1clothing: 15books: 5records/cds: 3sporting goods: 12entertainmentrestaurants: 86cafes/bakeries: 8amusement places: 3movie theaters: 2video rentals: 5essentialsgrocery shops: 7major super markets: 6banks: 6gas/service stations: 0laundry/dry cleaners: 3pharmacies: 2
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zoning typologies
centralized
linear
random dispersion
horizontal mat
topological layersElastiCity
traditional downtown
Las VegasWilshire Blvd., LA
HoustonShenzhen, China
Parissuburbia
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individual topologies
condensed topologies
city views
high-density edgeprimarily residential
Little Tokyocultural district
existing fabricArts District
drainage channels
low-density river access
rail linecommercial and housingriver views
moderate- to high-density
area of coincident surfaces
contamination erosion
#23
ground envelope
original site
solar access for adjacent properties
soil contamination erosion
water retention/channelization
freeway noise barrier
solar orientation for housing rail extension population density: high density river edge
population density: existing population density: seniors Bunker Hill distribution
population density: dual nodes population density: visitors existing distribution
popul ation densi ty: low-density river edge population density: students/artists education: exi sting
population density: First Street views to city education: new
high-density edgepredominantly residential
Little Tokyocultural district
existing fabricArts District
area of coincidentsurfaces
high-density river edge
contaminationerosion
height envelope
ground envelope
height envelope
#507schemes combine several individual zoning topologies into one
topological envelopes responding to singular influences
integration of the Los Angeles river
normal average annual rainstorm
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Soil contamination erosionSolar access for adjacent properties
topology and topography On a superficiallevel, treating the project topologically is a sym-bolic unification of the diverse and disparate
parts of the downtown community, creatingthe image of a cohesive, undulating landscape.Performatively, treating program and circula-tion as interconnected and seamless elementsencourages very real continuities, transitionsand encounters that are often missing in cur-rent planning scenarios.
Because the site struggles intensely betweenregional and local dynamics, the approach tak-en is to respond to localized variables within alarger, defined envelope resulting in a series ofinnate relationships rather than the creation ofisolated centers devoid of connections. Depend-ing on the combination of the localized social,political, and/or cultural forces operative at any
moment in time, the envelope may conceivablyshift or expand to accommodate them. Variedcombinations result in varying topographies.The projects zoning envelope evolves in realtime, reflecting the changes occuring in andaround it.
In the case of ElastiCity, the final combinationof envelopes selected is one which responds toexisting local conditions and provides a topolog-ical/topographical organization, uniting variousconstituencies and allowing for the integrationand coexistence of the new and the existing fab-rics.
proposed topology
high-density edge
ground envelope
height envelope
#82non-residentialto northcity views
Little Tokyocultural district
existing fabricArts District
high-density with sun accessUnion Station and commercial
low-density river access
moderate-density edge
contamination erosion
25-year storm 100-year storm
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2b
programmatic components
existing residential educational public transit infrastructure48 bui ld ings : primari ly in Arts Dist ic t 35,000 persons
15,900 units75 units/acre
arts education corridor1. trade school
(L.A. Trade Tech extension)2. SCI-Arc3. fine arts school
(Chouinard, Otis extension)4. elementary arts magnet school
(400 children)5. digital arts or music academy
1. Union Station extension - Amtrak, high-speed rail2. Gold Line extension
a. Little Tokyo stationb. Arts District station
3. DASH routes A and D4. Proposed DASH route G: commuter loop
12
3
4
51
2a
43
35,000 sq. ft.
12,000 sq. ft.
15,000 sq. ft.20,000 sq. ft.
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auto infrastructure regional commercial local commercial/services offices4 levels of semi-underground parking at north3.97 million sq. ft. of residential parking (1 space/unit)
shopping center 2.5 million sq. ft. shopping and services 800,000 sq. ft.(see Hermosa Beach study)
Catellus Development 3.5 million sq. ft.at Union Station
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The project area represents a nexusof flows, both regional and local, fromtransportation to commerce and peo-ple to culture.
The flows are most active at the areaof the site above First Street. Total re-development is proposed for the siteabove First Street, focusing on estab-lishing the infrastructure for this areafirst, then adding the housing compo-nent. Below First Street, the largelyresidential area is stabilized throughlight infill and stitched togetherthrough a series of common spaces(e.g., market, park, festival space,post office, etc.).
Thus this project proposes a densifi-cation of the existing infrastructuralnetworks by adding complementarymethods of transportation.
time lapse development
phase 1 phase 2 phase 3
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Los Angeles (34 latitude)
Civic
Cultural
Residential
Amenities
Retail
Services
Entertainment
Educational
Commercial
Hospitality
Infrastructure
Zoning: Local
Zoning: Regional
-30 -10
topological/topographical envelopes
+10
December 21
June 21
residential:
non-residential:
building envelope (max. height) residentialnon-residential
infrastructural groundprogrammaticenvelope(min. four hourssunlight)
housinghotelsupport
retailofficeentertainmentrecreationparking
program
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+100+30 +150
200
300 400
100
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1
2
94
3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10
11 1213 14
26
1617 18
15
20
21
22
2324 25
27
28
29
30
31
3233
34
35
42
37
383940
4143
44
48
46 4745
49
5051
52
53 55
5456 57
58
59 60 61
6263
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
74 75
79
76
77
7880
8182 83
84
85 86
87
88
89
90
91
93
92
36
19
1
2
94
3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10
11 1213
14
26
1617 18
15
20
21
22
2324 25
27
28
29
30
31
32 33
34
35
42
37
383940
4143
44
48
4647
45
49
5051
52
53
5456
5758
59
6061
62 63
64
65
66
67
68
69
75
79
76
77
7880
8182 83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
92
36
19
55
7071
72 74
85
92
1 517-300-3009
2 517-301-8001
3 517-301-9006
4 507-301-9001
5 507-301-9009
6 517-300-1024
7 517-300-1017
8 517-300-1900
9 517-300-2010
10 517-300-3010
11 517-300-3002
12 517-300-3001
13 517-301-7006
14 517-301-7008
15 517-302-0010
16 NA
17 NA
18 517-301-7006
19 517-301-6008
20 517-302-1001
21 517-300-4015
22 517-300-4902
23 517-301-5011
24 517-301-5006
25 517-301-5003
26 517-302-2002
27 517-300-8001
28 517-300-8019
29 517-300-8017
30 517-300-8018
31 517-300-9004
32 517-300-9005
33 517-300-9002
34 517-301-0009
35 517-301-0003
36 517-301-1011
37 517-301-4900
38 517-302-2004
39 517-301-1020
40 517-301-1021
41 517-301-2025
42 517-301-2027
43 517-301-3018
44 517-301-3014
45 517-301-3020
46 517-301-3016
47 517-302-3001
48 516-300-1002
49 516-300-2023
50 516-300-2009
51 516-300-2026
52 516-300-3012
53 516-300-4005
54 516-300-4008
55 516-300-4007
56 516-300-5006
57 516-300-5005
58 516-300-5007
59 516-300-5001
60 516-300-5013
61 516-300-5003
62 516-300-9901
63 516-300-8001
64 516-300-8004
65 516-300-8003
66 516-300-8005
67 516-300-8012
68 516-300-7013
69 516-300-7010
70 516-300-6013
71 516-300-6016
72 516-300-6017
73 NA
74 516-300-6012
75 516-300-6027
76 516-300-9005
77 516-300-9001
78 516-301-2015
79 516-301-2900
80 516-301-2004
81 516-301-5028
82 516-301-5029
83 516-301-5022
84 516-301-5006
85 516-301-5007
86 516-301-5002
87 516-301-5003
88 516-301-3001
89 516-301-3009
90 516-301-3900
91 516-301-4011
92 516-301-4009
93 NA
94 516-400-5002
1 517-300-3009
2 517-301-8001
3 517-301-9006
507-301-9001
5 507-301-9009
6 517-300-1024
7 517-300-1017
8 517-300-1900
9 517-300-2010
10 517-300-3010
11 517-300-3002
12 517-300-3001
13 517-301-7006
14 517-301-7008
15 517-302-0010
16 NA
17 NA
18 517-301-7006
19 517-301-6008
20 517-302-1001
21 517-300-4015
22 517-300-4902
23 517-301-5011
24 517-301-5006
25 517-301-5003
26 517-302-2002
27 517-300-8001
28 517-300-8019
29 517-300-8017
30 517-300-8018
31 517-300-9004
32 517-300-9005
33 517-300-9002
34 517-301-0009
35 517-301-0003
36 517-301-1011
37 517-301-4900
38 517-302-2004
39 517-301-1020
0 517-301-1021
1 517-301-2025
2 517-301-2027
3 517-301-3018
4 517-301-3014
5 517-301-3020
6 517-301-30167 517-302-3001
8 516-300-1002
9 516-300-2023
50 516-300-2009
51 516-300-2026
52 516-300-3012
53 516-300-4005
54 516-300-4008
55 516-300-4007
56 516-300-5006
57 516-300-5005
58 516-300-5007
59 516-300-5001
60 516-300-5013
61 516-300-5003
62 516-300-9901
63 516-300-8001
64 516-300-8004
65 516-300-8003
66 516-300-8005
67 516-300-8012
68 516-300-7013
69 516-300-7010
70 516-300-6013
71 516-300-6016
72 516-300-6017
73 NA
74 516-300-6012
75 516-300-6027
76 516-300-9005
77 516-300-9001
78 516-301-2015
79 516-301-2900
80 516-301-2004
81 516-301-5028
82 516-301-5029
83 516-301-5022
84 516-301-5006
85 516-301-5007
86 516-301-5002
87 516-301-5003
88 516-301-3001
89 516-301-3009
90 516-301-3900
91 516-301-4011
92 516-301-4009
93 NA
94 516-400-5002
1a 517-300-3009
2a 517-301-8001
3a 517-301-9006
4a 507-301-9001
5a 507-301-9009
6a 517-300-1024
7a 517-300-1017
8a 517-300-1900
9a 517-300-2010
10a 517-300-3010
11a 517-300-3002
12a 517-300-3001
13a 517-301-7006
14a 517-301-700815a 517-302-0010
16a NA
17a NA
18a 517-301-7006
19a 517-301-6008
20a 517-302-1001
21a 517-300-4015
22a 517-300-4902
23a 517-301-5011
24a 517-301-5006
25a 517-301-5003
26a 517-302-2002
27a 517-300-8001
28a 517-300-8019
29a 517-300-8017
30a 517-300-8018
31a 517-300-9004
2b 517-301-8001
6b 517-300-1024
6c 517-300-1024
18b 517-301-7006
19b 517-301-6008
32a 517-300-9005
33a 517-300-9002
34a 517-301-0009
35a 517-301-0003
36a 517-301-1011
37a 517-301-4900
38a 517-302-2004
39a 517-301-1020
40a 517-301-1021
41a 517-301-2025
42a 517-301-2027
43a 517-301-3018
44a 517-301-3014
45a 517-301-3020
46a 517-301-3016
47a 517-302-3001
48a 516-300-1002
49a 516-300-2023
50a 516-300-2009
51a 516-300-2026
52a 516-300-3012
53a 516-300-4005
54a 516-300-4008
55a 516-300-4007
56a 516-300-5006
57a 516-300-5005
58a 516-300-5007
59a 516-300-5001
60a 516-300-5013
61a 516-300-5003
62a 516-300-9901
63a 516-300-8001
64a 516-300-8004
65a 516-300-8003
37b 517-301-4900
37c 517-301-4900
44b 517-301-3014
56b 516-300-5006
56c 516-300-5006
56d 516-300-5006
65b 516-300-800365c 516-300-8003
65d 516-300-8003
ownership distribution
combination type D
further density zone possibilities
type Ddensity zone I
use:location:density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
housinglocated at northern portion of sitezone I210,000 sq. ft.140 dwelling units1,138 sq. ft.single-loaded corridor
commerciallocated at northern portion of sitezone I50,750 sq. ft.3.5 stories of commercial and services14,500 sq. ft.100 x 145 ft. building
housinglocated at northern portion of sitezone I68,000 sq. ft.48 dwelling units1,138 sq. ft.single-loaded corridor
density II density III density IV
Bunker Hill+175
Old Downtown+25
Little To+10
Skid Row+10
original APN site divisions new APN site divisions
105 acres open space (46%)
use:location:density:total sq. ft.:# of floors:floor sq. ft.:building type:
use:location:density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
m
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design process
housing bars existing buildings extension of existinginfrastructural grid
cross-connections:circulation and program
ElastiCitym
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combination type Duse:location:density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
housingnorthern portion of sitezone I210,000 sq. ft.140 dwelling units1,100-3,000 sq. ft.single loaded corridor building
commercial connector/support
combination type Fuse:location:
density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
housingsouthwest corner of siteArts Districtzone III82,856 sq. ft.30 dwelling units1,400 sq. ft.lofts
combination type Huse:location:density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
housing barmid portion of site, First Streetzone III29,120 sq. ft.20 dwelling units1,000 sq. ft.student housing, centrallyorganized
combination type Guse:location:
density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
housingwest portion of site adjacentto cultural plazazone II80,580 sq. ft.40 dwelling units1,200 sq. ft.double-loaded corridor
combination type Cuse:location:density:total sq. ft.:# of units:unit sq. ft.:housing type:
use:location:density:total sq. ft.:
housingmid portion of site, First Streetzone II27,935 sq. ft.20 dwelling units1,350 sq. ft.single-loaded corridortownhouse units
courtyard connector/recreationmid portion of site, First Streetzone II7,250 sq. ft.
housingnorthern part of sitezone I425 000 f
family townhome apartments
young professional units
student housing
artists live/work lofts
corporate suites
combination Type Buse:location:density:
l f
housing typologiesa diversity of living units accommodates a variety of user groups and lifestyles
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