©La-Nette Mark 2014

Did you know computers are everywhere you look,

and even in places you can't see. Computers

check out your groceries, pump your gas, dispense money at the ATM, and

control the way a car runs.

They're everywhere!

Some Beginning Terms

- the physical parts of the computer.Software -

- individual facts like first name, price, quantity ordered.Information data which has been massaged into a

The Parts of the Computer.

© La-Nette Mark 2013

HARDWARE

What is a computer?

A is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a

program.

A computer has four functions:

• - Accepts data • – Processing Data• - Produces output • - Stores results • This is known as The Information.

InputOutput

Processing and Memory

Storage

What makes a computer powerful?

• - A computer can perform billions of different actions per second.

• Reliability - Most are usually due to human error, one way or another (computers can get or)

• Storage -

Server

• A runs a network of computers. It handles the sharing of equipment

like printers and the communication between computers on the network.

What is Input? • Everything we tell the computer is.

– The most often used input device is the keyboard. • Mouse• Game Devices

Input: Terminals • A register terminal

– point-of-sale terminal (POS)

Input: Multimedia

– Sound Input– Voice Input

• Microphones

– Video Input• Digital Cameras

Input: Data Automation The input of in computers through means.•The first goal of is to in data entry by making the initial entering of the data as automatic as possible. •A second goal of data automation is to avoid having to re-enter data to perform a

Input: Data Automation• The scanner works like a copy

machine. It creates a digital image of what it scanned. Scanned text cannot be edited at this point.

• Hand-held or fixed devices that can read the bar codes on packages.

• Swipes the credit card through the device, which reads the magnetic numbers in the magnetic strip on the card.

Input: Data AutomationData Automation is made possible because of OCR software. •Optical Character Recognition: This software takes a scanned image and converts the characters in the image into computer characters. Now, documents can be edited.

What is Processing?• is the thinking that the computer does -

the calculations,, and decisions.

Processing: Digital Data • Modern computers are, that is, all info is stored

as a string of 0s or 1s – (off or on). • Numbers written with just 0 and 1, are called

numbers. It takes 8 numbers to make one character.

• Every command and every input is converted into digital data, a string of 0's and 1's.

On Off

1 0 0 1 1 1 0

Processing: CPU

The, or Central Processing Unit, is the part of the computer on the inside where work gets done. In most computers,

there is one.

Processing: Machine Cycle

The computer can only do one thing at a time. Each action must be broken down

into the most basic steps. One round of steps from getting an instruction back to getting the next

instruction is called the.

Processing: Machine Cycle • The Machine Cycle

– - get an instruction from Main Memory

– - translate it into computer commands

– - actually process the command

– - write the result to Main Memory

Decode Execute

StoreFetch

• A memory address holds 1 byte of data where – 1 =0 or 1, on or off– 1 = 8 bits– 1 (K or KB) =1000 bytes– 1 (MB) = 1,000,000 bytes– 1 (GB) = 1,000,000,000 bytes

Processing: Memory Addresses

— one billion bytes— one trillion bytes— one quadrillion bytes— one quintillion bytes— one sextillion bytes— one septillion bytes

http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm

Processing: Physical Components

• There are several physical components of a computer that are directly involved in processing. The itself, the devices, and the are the main ones.

Microprocessor• The microprocessor is the “” of the computer

because it contains the Central Processing Unit.

• The Central Processing Unit (CPU), contains the– (fetch and decodes information )– Arithmetic/Logic Unit (math calculations).

Processing: Motherboard• The is like the blood vessels in

the human body which connect to all the vital organs. Instead of blood vessels, the motherboard uses tiny to connect each component of the computer.

• A lot of the other components are connected to the motherboard.