LIGNIN UTILISATION AS BONDING MATERIAL FOR PLYWOOD PANELS

8 October 2013, Trabzon, Turkey

E. Papadopoulou, S. Kountouras, T. Sevastiadis Z. Nikolaidou, E. Roumeli, K. Chrissafis

BICORE: Biocommodities refinery

Use of chemistry and biotechnology to produce various materials and products (2nd generation fuels, resins, polymers, surfactants, food ingredients).

phenolic OH group

aliphatic OH group

R2 = H or aliphatic ketone

O

CH3O OCH3

OH

O

CH3O

S

GOH

O

O

R2

HO

OR1

H

4

4

5

aromatics ether bonds

Wheat straw BioligninTM hasH, G ans S units

LIGNIN

LIGNIN

R3 = H, quinone or LIGNIN

R4 = COOH or

R1 = H, formyl or acetyl

R4

LIGNIN

R

OR1

HO R3

R1 = H or OCH3

COOH

CIMV Biolignin™: Chemical structure

CIMV lignin composed of linear polymers

Condensation reaction of PFL polymer

Polymerization reaction takes place within some hours at a temperature of about 95-100°C. The polymerisation is stopped by cooling when the target viscosity is reached.

FTIR of lignin based resins

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000

20

40

60

80

100

Tra

nsm

itta

nce, %

Wavenumber cm-1

PFGL50 GL PF std

PF std.Lignin

PFL resin

1640 cm -1

1386 cm -1

1386cm-1 = phenolic OH groups1640cm-1 = vibration of aromatic compounds. It signifies the reaction between aldehyde and phenol/lignin adduct.

Plywood panels testing & evaluation

Wood failure test

Shear strength test

Requirements of the EN314.2 standard

Free formaldehyde emissions: CARB II rule = 0.05ppm

According to CARB rule: 0.04ppm (ASTM E1333) corresponds to 0.3mg/L (F**** as per JIS A1460)

Testing results of PW with PFGL resins(CIMV Glyoxalated lignin)

Sub. Level, % Phenol-Form. PF std 20-7 30-10 40-15 50-19 50-0 60-23 70-28

Pre-treatment 5.1.1: Immersion in water of 20°C for 24hShear strength, N/mm2 2.03 1.19 1.79 1.30 1.27 1.37 1.25 0.92

Wood failure, % 95 100 100 92 80 80 40 33

Pre-treatment 5.1.3: 4h boiling - 16h drying at 60°C- 4h in boiling water - 1h in cool waterShear strength, N/mm2 1.83 1.04 1.62 1.25 1.32 1.93 1.28 0.87

Wood failure, % 90 100 95 90 75 80 35 30

Pre-treatment 5.1.4: 72h in boiling water- cooling in water for 1hShear strength, N/mm2 1.71 0.86 1.48 1.04 1.02 1.54 0.98 0.76

Wood failure, % 100 100 95 95 75 80 40 30

FF, Desiccator, mg/L 0.277 0.068 0.085 0.080 0.048 0.054 0.054 0.040

Conclusions• The BIOCORE lignin samples can give resins with adhesion performance

comparable to that of a standard PF.

• Phenol substitution levels up to 70% can be achieved with good results.

• Plywood panels produced with PFGL resin having up to 60-23 sub. Level of Ph.-F, can be classified as of class 3 panels (non covered - exterior use) .

• All plywood panels produced fulfill CARB II rule for free formaldehyde emissions.

• The new resins are less harmful for the environment and the people, while offer a solution for more sustainable products.

24 people, 35 years expertise, technology applied in more than 70 industrial plants located in more than 37 countries.

CHIMAR HELLAS is a Greek SME, provider of:innovative industrial technology for the resin and wood-based panel industries in all continents. customer focused R&D, technical support, advanced training, testing and evaluation services plants for producing formaldehyde, UFC, resins, impregnation syrups and additivesvalue-added services (quality management systems, industrial property rights protection, accredited lab testing)

Contact DetailsContact DetailsElectra PapadopoulouElectra Papadopoulou

Senior Researcher, R&D DepartmentSenior Researcher, R&D Department

Sofouli 88, 55131 Thessaloniki, GREECESofouli 88, 55131 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Tel: +30 2310 424167 Tel: +30 2310 424167

Fax: +30 2310 424149Fax: +30 2310 424149

e-mail: e-mail: papadopoulou@ari.gr

www.chimar-hellas.comwww.chimar-hellas.com

AcknowledgementsTo the EU FP7 because this work has been carried out with the European Commission economic support (contract no FP7-241566).