L e s s o n 2 : P r e p ar e E l e c t r i c al M at e r i

Lesson 2: Prepare Electrical Materials and Tools

Table of Contents Table of Contents 1

Introduction 2

Essential Questions 3

Bench Marks 3

General Notes 4

Overlook 4

Blueprint 6

Gear Up! 6

Check Up 14

Tinker Time 16

Production Time 17

Recap 17

Bibliography 18

Glossary 19

1 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

GRADE 7/8

All Wired Up! Introduction

Fig. 1 Electrician. Source:pixabay.com

Electrical installation and maintenance is a trade in which a person employed for it would be responsible for making and keeping an electrical installation functioning. Given the nature of the work, we as the soon-to-be electricians, must be able to know the equipment we need in order to be functional for the job. In this unit, we will be studying the different tools, materials and its requisition as well as its receiving, inventory and maintenance.


Essential Questions

Bench Marks

In this lesson, you should be able to: ● Prepare electrical materials and tools for the task; ● Prepare a list of electrical tools and materials for a specific job; ● Request appropriate electrical supplies materials and tools applicable to a specific

job; ● Use the appropriate form in requesting for electrical tools, supplies, and materials

for a specific job; ● Receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials, and tools; ● Check and control received items on the list; ● Check condition of tools and equipment; ● Label functional and non-functional tools and equipment; ● Perform basic maintenance; ● Clean and lubricate tools; ● Observe periodic preventive and maintenance of electrical tools and equipment; ● Store tools and equipment; ● Prepare inventory of tools and equipment; and ● Store tools and equipment in their proper places.


General Notes


Overlook

Fig. 2 A electrician apprentice. Source: pixabay.com

Working with high voltage equipment and a hazardous workplace requires a high level of knowledge and skills. You must be knowledgeable on the tools and materials you are working with so as to be productive and at the same time safe. You must be skillful enough to use this set of equipment. There are many tools related to EIM which may be categorized depending on their function.


Blueprint

Fig. 3 Electrical Installation. Source: pixabay.com

Tools are necessary to be able to work quick and safe especially on the field of electrical installation and maintenance. Being electricians/technicians in the field of EIM, we must be able to identify each tools, its function and the process in which its use will be involved. Here are some of the common tools and materials used for EIM jobs.


Splicing Tools

Image Tool Description

wire stripper is a tool used specifically for the fast removal of the insulators on a wire.

long nose pliers is a tool used to cut, bend, hold the leads of an electronic component or a connecting wire

side-cutting pliers is a tool used to cut wires or strip the insulator from a wire.

combination pliers is a tool commonly referred to as the “lineman’s plier.” This plier can perform operations done by the side - cutting and long nose pliers.

Table 1. Splicing Tools. Image source: pixabay Cutting Tools


hacksaw is a tool used to cut pieces of metal. It has a blade attached to a metal frame.

Table 2. Cutting Tools. Image source: pixabay


Boring Tools


portable electric drill is the drill used to create holes on the chassis of an assembly.

Table 3. Boring Tools. Image source: flickr Driving Tools


stubby screwdriver is like a common screwdriver except that the shank of it is shorter than usual.

philips screwdriver is used to fasten or loosen screws with a positive slots.

screwdriver is used to fasten or loosen screws with a negative slot

Allen wrench is used to fasten or loosen screws with hexagonal notches on its head.

1

Hammer is used to apply force on a specific object, commonly to drive nails on to wood or concrete. There are three types of hammer: [1]Ball-peen hammer, [2]Claw hammer,[3]

Rubber or Wooden Mallet


2

3

Table 4. Driving Tools. Image source: pixabay.com, flickr.com

Knowing these tools will greatly increase your productivity in electrical jobs, increase your safety, and decrease the likelihood of you getting into accidents. It is a must that you should use the tools for their specific purposes. After defining all common tools in EIM, now, we must be able to identify the materials needed to perform electrical installations. The material’s looks and function must also be a part of the knowledge of the electrician/technician. The common function of these materials would be to:

1. permit or restrict the flow of current through different components; 2. transfer electrical currents from the source going to the different current consuming

appliances; 3. organize conductors and bind it to its fixtures may it be installed indoor or outdoor; and 4. protect appliances from possible damage.

Image Material Description

Convenience Outlet It is a material used for connecting current consuming appliances to an electrical source. Outlets are commonly the female counterpart of the male plug. It can be mounted on walls or be connected to an extension cord. It can be either in a form of a single, duplex, triplex or multiplex considering the number of potential outlet and surface or flush type according to its mounting.


Male Plug is the device used in conjunction with the convenience outlet. It fits on the slots of the convenience outlet permitting a flow of current from the source to the appliance forming one closed circuit

Light Bulb Socket this device is used to transfer electricity from the source towards the light bulbs installed on a circuit. It can either be surface mounted, hanging or flushed depending on the need of the installation. It also comes in different size to accommodate different types of light bulbs.

Switch this device is used to control the flow of electricity on a circuit. It can either close or open a circuit to restrict or allow flow of electricity to the different components on a circuit.

Fuse this safety device cuts the flow of electricity to the circuit when the current overloads or becomes shorted. This prevents accidents and reduce the risk of fire or any other hazard.

Circuit Breaker this safety device work more like that of a fuse the only difference is that circuit breakers do not need replacement when overloads or short circuit. This is the reason why most of the residential buildings uses it.

Junction Box this device organizes conductors. It is commonly octagonal in shape and it is the place where connections or joint of wires are being put. This is also where light bulb socket are being mounted. Junction boxes comes in two types depending on the materials which composes it: metal or polyvinyl chloride(PVC)


Utility Box this rectangular device is used as a mounting place for flush type switches or convenience outlets.

Conduit/pipes these materials serves as passage for wires. This prevents the wires from cluttering or being exposed to potential water contact and/or damage. These conduits can be rigid or flexible depending on the need and the material could either be metal or PVC.

Connectors is used to connect conduits on the junction or utility box. Connectors are commonly made from metal or PVC.

Table 5. Common materials and supplies. Image Source: flickr.com The table below show the different types of conductor wires used in electrical installation.


Flat cord A flat cord is a duplex type wire which is used to connect wires to a male plug. The common sizes of flat cords are #18 and #19 awg(American Wire Gauge)

Stranded wire A stranded wire has multiple strands of a conductor enveloped by an insulator.

Solid wire A solid wire has a single strand of conductor enveloped by an insulator.

Table 6. Type of wires.


Gear Up!

Fig. 4 Electrical Tools. Source: pixabay.com

Common Guidelines on the use of Tools By this time, you have the working knowledge in the identification and definition of the different tools needed. Part of being productive is how you use your tools in order to preserve its good condition. With this in mind, it is also a must that we take into consideration the proper usage and keeping of tools. Here are some of the things to remember when using tools:


1. Keep all tools in good condition with proper maintenance. Always keep each tool clean and free from anything that might contaminate or rust the tool.

2. Use the right tool for the right job. Misuse of the tool will cause damages to the tool

or accidents to the operator.

3. Examine each tool for damage before use. Make sure that the tool is in good

condition before operating it. This will ensure the safety of the operator as well as the components being serviced.

4. Do not use damaged tool. Always report to authority any broken tool which may


cause accidents.

5. Follow the manufacturer’s instruction in operating tools. Never operate equipment

which you do not know. it is a must that you read the manual for the proper usage and safekeeping.

6. Always put on Personal Protective Equipment before operating any tool. It is for

your own safety that you wear the proper protective tool for each time you operate an equipment. This is to lessen the hazard brought about by the equipment you are operating thus reducing the risk of accidents.


Common Guidelines to the Selection of Hand Tools The selection of the proper tool will dictate the efficiency of the task being administered. Each tool serves a singular purpose. Though this is the case, how do we know if a tool is really effective for the purpose it is intended to. With this in mind, the best tool is one that:

1. Fits the job that you are doing. Using a tool other than its intended purpose, it may damage the tool, or cause you harm and discomfort.

2. Fits the workspace available. Consider the length or size of the tool you would use

and it should be proportional with the space you are going to work at. when you use a longer tool on a cramped space, it is but natural for you to require more force and assume an awkward posture in order to finish the job.


3. Reduces the force you need to apply. A tool is intended to help in diminishing the effort needed to finish the job. A tool will not be considered if it does otherwise.

4. Fits your hand. A tool must be able to be operated by hand.

5. Can be used in a comfortable work position. A tool will have to allow you to position

yourself in a manner which will not strain any parts of your body while you are on the process of using it.


Due to the complex nature of the work on EIM, this would mean that materials and tools would be moving frequently and in large batches. You need to consider the following things when accepting or handing over some tools and materials: Receiving If you are on the receiving end of a transaction you must ask yourself the following questions:

Is the shipment for the correctly intended recipient? Check the delivery receipt for the name and address of the consignee. Make sure that the details found on the freight is the same as the details on the receipt. Make sure that the address of the delivery you have received match your address. What are the condition of the tools? Are there any damages on the items you have received. Does the packaging and its content contain any holes,water stains and dents. Check for possible product damage. Also, check if the delivery has been opened or if the sealing tape has been tampered.

Is the number of components the same as what I requested? Check for the quantity of each item you have ordered. Sign only the items which you have duly received. If the items are on a pallet, count the numbers of pallet instead quantity of the items inside it and sign the number of packages.

When something’s wrong when you receive a shipment, you must:

Return the shipment if it is not yours or If the shipment does not fit the one you have ordered or it is damaged.

If there is partial damage on some of the components, accept it and make some notes on the receipt form.

Noting Exceptions Damage: Be specific with the damages on the shipment. Always pinpoint the exact location of the damage. Never let the delivery man leave without you checking the condition of the items.


Shortage: If there would be missing items on the shipment, take note of the items you have received. Encircle those items which are missing or incomplete and write the number of items received from its lot. Signatures: Upon writing all notations, have the delivery man sign both copies of the delivery receipt. Do not allow him/her to write only his nickname or initials. After the driver signs the delivery receipts, you must also sign it also. Write your name, the address to which it is delivered, the date and the time. Different Types of Forms There are many forms involved in EIM and these forms serve one good purpose; it is to monitor and locate all materials, equipment, and jobs. Some of these forms are requisition forms, inventory forms, job/work order forms, and borrowers forms. Requisition form Requisition form is used to notify the purchasing personnel for materials or equipment that need to be ordered or purchased to aid in a specific job. The important details such as name of the requestor, the name of the items, its quantity, and the time frame needed before it would be needed and used are found in the form. This form also needs authorizations for it to be approved for purchase.


Fig 5. A sample requisition form


Inventory Form This form is used to monitor all available resources which may be used for a certain job or be kept for future uses. The inventory form may also be used to monitor finished or unfinished goods.

Fig 6. Sample Inventory Form.


Work Order Form This form is used to provide notifications, specifications, and special instructions regarding a job that needs to be done. The time frame to which the job needs to be finished is also written on this form.

Fig 7. Sample Work Order Form.


Borrowers Form This form is used to request special tools or equipment that is necessary for a certain job that needs to be done.

Fig 8. Sample Borrowers Form.


Try This! 1. What are the different tools that belong to driving tools? 2. What are the different types of wires? 3. What are the different tools that belong to cutting tools? 4. What are the different forms needed for EIM? 5. What are the different tools that belong to splicing tools?

Tinker Time!

Fig. 9. Mounting of an electrical assembly. Source: wikipedia.com


Your task is to create an infographic of the different types of tools needed in consumer electronics servicing. The infographic must be easily understood by the viewer. It must contain creative images and concise description of the tools. You must be able to submit an infographic for each group of tools namely: [1]Soldering Tools, [2]Splicing Tools, [3]Cutting Tools, [4]Boring Tools, [5]Testing Equipment and [6]Driving Tools. You must submit it in an image format.

Criteria [1] Below expectations

[2] Needs

Improvement

[3] Successful

performance

[4] Exemplary

performance Rating

Creativity(Color and Geometry)

The infographic does not have any artistic touch.

The infographic has little artistic touch.

The infographic has an artistic touch,

The infographic exceeded artistic expectations

Comprehensiveness

The message of the infographic is not understandable

The message of the infographic is quite confusing

The message of the infographic produces a little confusion

The message relayed by the infographic is easily understood

Application of the concepts

The infographic do not contain any concepts from the chapter.

The infographic contain few concepts from the chapter.

The infographic contain enough concepts from the chapter.

The infographic contain all concepts from the chapter.

Speed The infographic was submitted two or more days late

The infographic was submitted one day late

The infographic was submitted on time

The infographic was submitted ahead of time

Check Up

A. If the statement is true, type T and type F if the statement if false. 1. A tool can increase the time of work and decrease efficiency. 2. A selected tool should be fit and proportional to the workspace. 3. A tool should be fit for the job to be done. 4. A flat cord is a triplex wire. 5. It is good to use a working tool even though it has broken parts. 6. Inventory forms are used to monitor the tools being lent. 7. We can use long nose pliers to hold and cut wires.


8. A lineman’s pliers can do both the jobs of a side-cutting pliers and a long nose pliers.

9. Upon receiving a shipment, you must check the name and the address of the consignee.

10. Philips screwdriver works for screws with positive slot heads.

B. Answer the following questions.

1. How are the forms helpful with the business? 2. What should you look for before using a piece of equipment? 3. What are the things to look for when you inspect a shipment? 4. What are the essential things on making a return notation of shipments? 5. What are the things to look for when you check for the condition of a shipment?

C. Answer the following questions. 1. What should we consider in order to assume that a tool belongs to the driving

tools? 2. What is the primary purpose of a tool? 3. How can we consider something as a hand tool? 4. What are the effects of using a damaged tool? 5. Why is the proper selection of tool needed?


Production Time

Classroom Inventory

Your task is to create an inventory of all the equipment and tools found inside your classroom. You must be able to write the correct details following the inventory template as discussed in the unit.

Criteria [1] Below expectations

[2] Needs

Improvement

[3] Successful

performance

[4] Exemplary

performance Rating

Content

The material does not completely address the conditions needed for the selection of good tools

There are 2-3 aspects of a good tool that is lacking from the material.

There is 1 aspect of a good tool that is lacking from the material.

The content of the material completely suffice the needed conditions

Detail-Orientedness

the details of the items are incorrect

Most of the details of items are incorrect

Some of the details of the items are incorrect

All of the details of each items are correct

Application of the concepts

The forms do not contain any concepts from the chapter.

The forms contain few concepts from the chapter.

The forms contain enough concepts from the chapter.

The forms contain all concepts from the chapter.

Presentation

The forms are not presentable.

The forms are slightly presentable.

The forms are presentable.

The forms exceeded the expectations of the teacher.

Speed The task is submitted two or more days late

The task is submitted a day late

The task is submitted on time

The task is submitted ahead of the deadline


Recap

Splicing Tools


wire stripper is a tool used specifically for the fast removal of the insulators on a wire.

long nose pliers is a tool used to cut, bend, hold the leads of an electronic component or a connecting wire

side-cutting pliers is a tool used to cut wires or strip the insulator from a wire.

combination pliers is a tool commonly referred to as the “lineman’s plier.” This plier can perform operations done by the side - cutting and long nose pliers.

Table 7. Splicing Tools. Image source: pixabay


Cutting Tools


hacksaw is a tool used to cut pieces of metal. It has a blade attached to a metal frame.

Table 8. Cutting Tools. Image source: pixabay Boring Tools


portable electric drill is the drill used to create holes on the chassis of an assembly.

Table 9. Boring Tools. Image source: flickr Driving Tools


stubby screwdriver is like a common screwdriver except that the shank of it is shorter than usual.

philips screwdriver is used to fasten or loosen screws with a positive slots.

screwdriver is used to fasten or loosen screws with a negative slot


Allen wrench is used to fasten or loosen screws with hexagonal notches on its head.

1

2

3

Hammer is used to apply force on a specific object, commonly to drive nails on to wood or concrete. There are three types of hammer: [1]Ball-peen hammer, [2]Claw hammer,[3]

Rubber or Wooden Mallet

Table 9. Driving Tools. Image source: pixabay.com, flickr.com List of Materials and Supplies


Convenience Outlet It is a material used for connecting current consuming appliances to an electrical source. Outlets are commonly the female counterpart of the male plug. It can be mounted on walls or be connected to an extension cord. It can be either in a form of a single, duplex, triplex or multiplex considering the number of potential outlet and surface or flush type according to its mounting.

Male Plug is the device used in conjunction with the convenience outlet. It fits on the slots of the convenience outlet permitting a flow of current from the source to the


appliance forming one closed circuit

Light Bulb Socket this device is used to transfer electricity from the source towards the light bulbs installed on a circuit. It can either be surface mounted, hanging or flushed depending on the need of the installation. It also comes in different size to accommodate different types of light bulbs.

Switch this device is used to control the flow of electricity on a circuit. It can either close or open a circuit to restrict or allow flow of electricity to the different components on a circuit.

Fuse this safety device cuts the flow of electricity to the circuit when the current overloads or becomes shorted. This prevents accidents and reduce the risk of fire or any other hazard.

Circuit Breaker this safety device work more like that of a fuse the only difference is that circuit breakers do not need replacement when overloads or short circuit. This is the reason why most of the residential buildings uses it.

Junction Box this device organizes conductors. It is commonly octagonal in shape and it is the place where connections or joint of wires are being put. This is also where light bulb socket are being mounted. Junction boxes comes in two types depending on the materials which composes it: metal or polyvinyl chloride(PVC)


Utility Box this rectangular device is used as a mounting place for flush type switches or convenience outlets.

Conduit/pipes these materials serves as passage for wires. This prevents the wires from cluttering or being exposed to potential water contact and/or damage. These conduits can be rigid or flexible depending on the need and the material could either be metal or PVC.

Connectors is used to connect conduits on the junction or utility box. Connectors are commonly made from metal or PVC.

Table 10. Common materials and supplies. Image Source: flickr.com Guidelines on the use of Tools

1. Keep all tools in good condition with proper maintenance.


2. Use the right tool for the right job.

3. Examine each tool for damage before use.

4. Do not use damaged tool.


5. Follow the manufacturer’s instruction in operating tools.

6. Always put on Personal Protective Equipment before operating any tool.

Guidelines on the selection of Tools

1. Fits the job that you are doing.


2. Fits the workspace available.

3. Reduces the force you need to apply.

4. Fits your hand.


5. Can be used in a comfortable work position.


Types of Forms

Fig 10. A sample requisition form


Fig 11. A Sample Inventory Form.


Fig 12. A Sample Work Order Form.


Fig 13. A Sample Borrowers Form.


Bibliography

Manitoba(2014). “Grade 10 Electricity/Electronics Technology (20G) A Course for Independent Study.”Accessed: January 2019. Source: https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/dl/iso/previews/gr10_electricity.pdf

Department of Education. “K to 12: Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module:

Electrical Installation and Maintenance.” Manila: Department of Education. Deakin University(2017). “Workshop rules and Safety Consideration”. Accessed: January 2019. Source:

http://www.deakin.edu.au/students/faculties/sebe/abe-students/workshop/rules-safety. OSHA(n.d.).”Electrical.” Accessed: Jan 2019.

Source:https://www.osha.gov/dte/library/electrical/electrical.pdf

California Department of Industrial Relations(2004). “A Guide to Selecting a Non - Powered Hand

Tool.” Accessed: Jan 2019. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-164/pdfs/2004-164.pdf

Glossary

Ampere is the unit of measure of electric current. Circuit is the path of electric current from the source to the components and goes back to the source. Kilowatt is the unit of power which is equivalent to 1000w. Conductor is any material which does not resist the flow of electricity. Resistance is the quality of electric current measured in ohms that resist the flow of current. Hot wire is a term which pertains to the wire through which current flows. Insulator is any material used to cover electric conductors which may be made from plastic, rubber, or asbestos. Tools is anything which can reduce the effort or time consumed to finish a job.


http://www.deakin.edu.au/students/faculties/sebe/abe-students/workshop/rules-safety

Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) is a malleable material commonly known as flexible non-metallic conduit or the “moldflex”. Metallic Conduits are metal raceways that was classified into four; rigid steel conduit (RSC), intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT), electrical metallic conduit or tubing (EMC or EMT) and the flexible metallic conduit (FMC). Non-metallic conduits are plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of wire that are classified as; rigid non-metallic conduit or the PVC, the flexible nonmetallic or CPC, and the surface plastic molding. Connectors and Adapters are accessories that are used to connect from boxes to conduits or raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system. Overload is a term referred to as the instance in which an abnormal amount of current suddenly flowed to the circuit creating a fire hazard or potential damage on electrical appliances. Short Circuit is a term which refers to the abnormal drop of resistance due to the accidental contact between two conductors which may result to the heating or damage on components. Polyvinyl Chloride commonly known by its abbreviated name “PVC”. It is a plastic material used in plumbing or electrical installation. These materials are considered to be soft and flexible. American Wire Gauge is commonly known as Brown and Sharpe Gauge. It is the standardized wire gauge system used to denote wire thickness.


Documents

L e s s o n 2 : P r e p ar e E l e c t r i c al M at e r i