Kutscher / Ott / Bormann 2006-05-17 1 Enhancing User Mobility with Network Service Maps Dirk Kutscher Jörg Ott Carsten Bormann TNC 2006 2006-05-17

Kutscher / Ott / Bormann

2006-05-17 1

Enhancing User Mobilitywith Network Service Maps

Dirk Kutscher <[email protected]>Jörg Ott <[email protected]>

Carsten Bormann <[email protected]>

TNC 20062006-05-17


2006-05-17 2

Emerging Heterogeneous Network Environments

Increasing number of alternative networks for mobile communciations PHS, GSM, CDMA-EVDO,

WCDMA, 802.11, 802.16e, 802.20, digital broadcast

Partly overlapping, competing with respect to bandwidth, coverage areas, mobility support, pricing

Challenges Facilitate service selection Optimize handover performance


2006-05-17 3

Emerging Heterogeneous Network Environments

Increasing number of alternative networks for mobile communciations PHS, GSM, CDMA-EVDO,

WCDMA, 802.11, 802.16e, 802.20, digital broadcast

Partly overlapping, competing with respect to bandwidth, coverage areas, mobility support, pricing

Challenges Facilitate service selection Optimize handover performance


2006-05-17 4

Can clearly benefit from some optimizations!

Network Selection Today


2006-05-17 5




2006-05-17 6



Does not only apply to WLANs Many different types of networks

Bi-/uni-directional Local area / metropolitan area Access-controlled, free access


2006-05-17 7

Looking Beyond Network Access

Most networks provide additional transport/application layer services that should be made available

Example: WiFi-Voice (VoIP in 802.11 networks)Advertising services (for supporting network selection)Describing service parameters, e.g., SIP configuration (local proxy,

operator’s registrar)

Network access is just a specific service amongst othersLocal access may be used to implement higher-layer services Internet access, media broadcast, local web acess, Video-on-

Demand etc.


2006-05-17 8

Scenarios for Service Maps Campus roaming

TF-Mobility work on Eduroam Distribute information about Eduroam sites Automate guest user login

Nomadic use of public WLAN hotspots Automating network and provider selection

Shared use of private WLAN installations Managing dynamic hotspot location databases Merging data sets from different providers (e.g., FON, sofanet)

Closed networks To be integrated into a user’s service personal network service map

Mobile WLAN usage Fast network location and association, scheduling of connectivity phases Drive-thru-Internet


2006-05-17 9

TERENA Background: Eduroam Eduroam

European initiative for facilitating nomadic WLAN usage for academic users visiting foreign campus networks

Challenges Huge diversity in installations and architectures Authentication mechanisms, network and addressing architectures, visitor

access regulations

Useful information that can be maintained in service maps Location of remote Eduroam networks, coverage Locally available authentication mechanisms Detailed local information about the network: local services, AP positions TF-Mobility has recognized requirements in “access point phone book” activity


2006-05-17 10

Background: Network Information Services

IEEE 802.21 has Network Information Service as one component for supporting media-independent handover

Objective: acquire global view of heterogeneous network to facilitate seamless handover and to allow network selection according to MN's requirements Information about lower layers (neighbor maps) but also higher layers (Internet access,

VPN services, VoIP services etc.)

MIIS defines data schema that allows for representing this information in protocol transaction (e.g., queries and responses)

MIIS has concept of looking for network service in a geographic region e.g., look for available 802.11 networks using the current 3G link

Other IS approaches IETF work on Candidate Access Router Discovery, Mobile IP optimizations WiFi Alliance Smart Client Approach


2006-05-17 11

Service Maps: Main Contributions Network Information Service for

Heterogeneous networks Challenged environments Large scale deployment

Different take on network service location Receiver- and infrastructure-based filtering Accommodate different network architectures

Main concept Mobile nodes receive/request service information from different sources and

construct network service map according to MN requirements Concentrating on transport layer aspects

IEEE 802.16 coverage zone 3G cell 802.11 WLAN hotspot

Main Concept:Regional Service Maps for Mobile Users and Devices


2006-05-17 13

Main Concepts Mobile nodes receive service announcements from multiple IS

Advertising services, including positions, scopes

Mobile nodes construct regional service maps of available services in their network neighborhood Different attributes: service type, position etc.

Network IS independent from specific networks and operators Not limited to link-local communication Mobile nodes can access multiple IS simultaneously Service descriptions may be aggregated, filtered by transceivers

Support for multiple interaction schemes and transport mechanisms Not only query/response, but also broadcast (push) and subscribe/notify Scalability and efficient network resource utilization are a major concern

Service description format provides concept of extensions and specializations Mobile nodes can receive overview information first Query for detailed information after service has been selected


2006-05-17 14

Digital Broadcast

Regional infoservice

in public Internet

Local hotspot


2006-05-17 15

Mobile node‘s

service map

Digital Broadcast

Regional infoservice

in public Internet

Local hotspot


2006-05-17 16

ISP B ISP C

LocalProvider

ISP A

UserDevice

UserDevice User

Device

Periodic update via SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY

Periodic update via SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY

Local broadcastLocal broadcast

Explicit requests throughQUERY/RESPONSE

Explicit requests throughQUERY/RESPONSE

Local broadcastLocal broadcast


2006-05-17 17

Delivery Models / Operations

AnnouncerANNOUNCE

Broadcast / MulticastIMG SourceListener

Resolver QuerierQUERY (Pull)

RESOLVE

NotifierNOTIFY (w/ content)

IMG SourceSubscriber

SUBSCRIBE

Notifier ReceiverQUERY

NOTIFY (w/o content, w/ pointer)

RESOLVE

Full Map

Full Map

Full Map

Full Map

*p


2006-05-17 18

Service Map Transports

Leveraging Internet Media Guides (IMG) work in IETF

ANNOUNCE Reliable multicast transport protocol: FLUTE + MUPPET

SUBSCRIBE / NOTIFY Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Extensions for Subscription/Notification

QUERY / RESOLVE HTTP

Identify Service Maps properly across protocols: IMG URI Mappings to individual protocols for actual processing


2006-05-17 19

Data Model for Service Descriptions

Requirements Unique identification of services and service providers Location descriptions (geoposition, civic addresses) Searchable (service features) General format application independent (allow for application-independent

aggregation, filtering) Extensibility (new services) Efficiency (generation, processing, storing)

Implementation XML-based format, with XML-based extensibility mechanisms Subset of GML-vocabulary for specifying locations Tagging concept for informal classification of services


2006-05-17 20

Providers

Provider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Locations

Announcement

Space-Park, BremenTags: Bremen, Space-Park, building

IMG Envelope• Source Identifier• Scope• Version• …

Tags: Berlin, Reichstag, building

ID, Details

Provider YID, Details

Services

Local AccessTags: 802.11b/g, local-access

GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI

Internet AccessTags: Internet

Refinement URI

Dependencies: Local Access

Media on DemandTags: audio, video

Refinement URI



2006-05-17 21

Location reference

Provider reference

Providers

Provider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details


Services


GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


2006-05-17 22

Location reference

Provider reference

Providers

Provider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details


Services


GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI

Internet Access Refinement

Authentication method: UAM

Tariff Details

UAM Details


2006-05-17 23

UserDevice

Location reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details


ServicesLocal Access

Tags: 802.11b/g, local-access

GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI

Internet Access RefinementAuthentication method: UAM

Tariff Details

UAM Details

Location reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details




GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


Tariff Details

UAM Details

Wide-area Broadcast

Location reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details




GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


Tariff Details

UAM Details

Location reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details




GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


Tariff Details

UAM DetailsLocation reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details




GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


Tariff Details

UAM Details

LocalProvider

WLAN

Broadcast

Location reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details




GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


Tariff Details

UAM Details

Web

Location reference

Provider reference

ProvidersProvider X

Reichstag, Berlin

Service #1

Locations

Announcement




ID, Details




GEOPOS(53.11N, 8.74E)

GEOPOS(52.52N, 12.38E)

Refinement URI


Refinement URI



Refinement URI


Service Instances

Service reference

Refinement URI


Tariff Details

UAM Details

Cell Broadcast


2006-05-17 24

<location id="uni-bremen-campus"> <gp:location-info xmlns:gp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf: geopriv10" xmlns:cl="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf: geopriv10:civicLoc"> <cl:civicAddress> <cl:country>DE</cl:country> <cl:A1>Bremen</cl:A1> <cl:A3>Bremen</cl:A3> <cl:A6>Bibliothekstrasse</cl:A6> <cl:HNO>1</cl:HNO> </cl:civicAddress> </gp:location-info>

<tag>Uni</tag><tag>Universität</tag> <tag>Bremen</tag><tag>HB</tag> <refinement href="urn:img:example.org:2:service map:location-uni-hb"/></location>

<provider id="uni-bremen" name="Universität Bremen"/>

<service id="local-access"> <tag>802.11b/g</tag><tag>local-link</tag> <refinement href="urn:img:example.org:5: provider:uni-hb/"></service>

<service id="internet-access"> <tag>Internet</tag> <tag>Deutsche Telekom AG</tag> <dependencies type="all"> <service-reference ref="local-access"/> </dependencies> <refinement href="urn:img:example.org:4:service- map:internet" </refinement></service>

<service-bundle id="uni-bremen-wireless-internet">

<service-reference ref="local-access"/> <service-reference ref="internet-access"/></service-bundle>

<instance> <provider-reference ref="uni-bremen"/> <service-reference

ref="uni-bremen-wireless-internet"/> <location-reference

ref="uni-bremen-campus"/> <refinement href="urn:img:example.org:3:service map:tcom-online-hbf-hb"/></instance>


2006-05-17 25

Concept forEduroam Service Map Infrastructure

Local service distribution infrastructure at sites Decentralized approach Maintain and distribute local

service information Distribute and link to remote

service information

Future extensions conceivable VoIP roaming Integration of third-party

community approaches for WLAN roaming (FON, sofanet)


2006-05-17 26

Evaluation: Calculations

DVB-H broadcast and WLAN multicast

Tunable parameters: Interval and data

sending rate Separation of

descriptions into fundamental and refined parts


2006-05-17 27

Measurements in the Real World

Implemented FLUTE/IMG-based distribution platform Hotspot service announcements in a large WLAN

installation Uni-Bremen WLAN hotspot positions T-Online hotspots in Germany Data volume, useful transmission rates, multicast usage


2006-05-17 28

Measurement Setup Distribution of network

information in a large WLAN installation (666 APs) Distribute information about location

infrastructure (AP information) and alternative WLAN hotspots in the environment

All T-Mobile hotspots in Northern Germany (1045 hotspots, 683 KB)

All access points of the local service set (666 APs, 48 KB)

Typical campus WLAN installation Wireless distribution system: APs

connected to distribution networks over switches, VLAN, IGMP snooping

WLAN-access network used as docking network for VPN access

ISP B

LocalProvider

ISP A

UserDevice

UserDevice

UserDevice


2006-05-17 29

Qualitative Measurement Results

Multicast-Distribution in modern switched networks efficient distribution mechanism IGMP snooping helps to reduce unnecessary distribution

FLUTE/MUPPET-based distribution generally feasible Concept of update channels contribute to efficient network utilization

Cannot preclude over-utilization, packet loss for multicast in production networks FEC-based reliability and periodic transmission useful tool Want to tune sending rate, redundancy level for accommodating specific

environments


2006-05-17 30

Multicast Measurement Results (FLUTE)

Transmission Mode and Sending Data Rate

FLUTE Redundancy

Duration Utilization of theoretic WLAN AP Capacity

Observation

WLAN Unicast (11 MBit/s)

413 KBit/s

10% 14.017s 37.6%

WLAN Multicast (1 MBit/s)332 KBit/s

10% 58.286s 33.2% Significant Packet Loss

WLAN Multicast (1 MBit/s)

290 KBit/s

100% 64.904s 29% Significant Packet Loss


286 KBit/s

400% 616.105s 28.6% Significant Packet Loss


16 KBit/s

10% 181s 1.6%

Transmitting 1045 hotspot descriptions (683 KByte)


2006-05-17 31

Conclusions Network Information Services important component for supporting media-

independent handover in emerging heterogeneous networks

Useful applications beyond handover optimization

Operator- and application-independence implies several new requirements

Implementation design based on the IMG distribution infrastructure

Service Maps and Eduroam Advancing support for nomadic users: robust, scalable and light-weight solution preferable Allowing for preparing visits to foreign institutions in advance Integrating Eduroam service structure into users’ general network service maps

Currently under discussion How much information to distribute? Which local service can be made available to roaming users?


2006-05-17 32

Carsten Bormann <[email protected]>

Mille Grazie!

http://prj.tzi.org/service-maps/ http://www.drive-thru-internet.org/


2006-05-17 33

Documents

Kutscher / Ott / Bormann 2006-05-17 1 Enhancing User Mobility with Network Service Maps Dirk Kutscher Jörg Ott Carsten Bormann TNC 2006 2006-05-17