Kumpulan bhs. inggris.doc

8/13/2019 Kumpulan bhs. inggris.doc

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DRY CARGO SHIPSLIQUID CARGO

SHIPSPASSENGER SHIPS

MULTIDECK VESSELS OIL TANKER PASSENGER LINERS

BULK CARRIER L.N.G. CARRIERS C R U I S E

CONTAINER SHIPS CHEMICAL CARRIER F E R R I E S

REFRIGERATED SHIPS

O.B.O. SHIPS

MULTIDECKVESSELS

A traditional type of dry cargo ship, the holds are dividedhorizontally by one or two tween decks, stowage of individualpackages is easier.

CONTAINERSHIPS

The most modern type of dry cargo ship, carry containers ofstandard dimensions.

REFRIGERATEDSHIPS

Carry refrigerated cargo such as fruit, meat, fish put in therefrigerated holds.

O.B.O. SHIPS Able to carry both dry and liquid cargo (! " re, !ulk, il#

OIL TANKERThe most common type of liquid cargo carrier comprising$%&CC, '&CC, andy ) *tandard Tankers.

PASSENGERSHIPS

Carry passengers and general cargo, fewer in number andtype than cargo ships because of competition from airtransport.

CRUISE SHIPS*imilar in appearance to passenger liners, particularly

operated for tourism.

F E R R I E SThe most common type of passenger ships, designed to carry

passengers and vehicles, therefore they have doors atthe bow or stern.

Created by A. CHALID PASYAH, M.Pd. Dip.Tesl.


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1. TUGS:

Type: River Tugs; Harbour Tugs; Coastal Tugs; OceangoingTugs.

Role: To help other ships in difficulty at sea to move. Condition: Stable in all conditions; Manoeuvrable; o!erful

enough to tug greater ships.

2. DREDGERS:

Bucket Dredgers: a series of buc"ets go do!n to the sea#bedto scoop up sand and mud.

Suction Dredgers: li"e a large vacuum cleaner to suc" up sandand mud.

Grab Dredgers: operate li"e cranes.

. !CE BRE"#ERS:

To "eep the sea and channels open $free from ice; free%e up&. Should have o!erful engines; strong hulls.

$. %!G&TS&!'S:

'i"e ordinary ships; no engines; to!ed into a certain position andanchored there.

Have specific lights; a foghorn; radio (eacon; meteorologicale)uipment.

(. %!)EB*"TS:Have many types and si%es.

Condition: Strong; Stable; Maneuverable; *ell#trained cre!s.

+. '!%*T %"U,C&:

Motor boat for transporting pilots to and from a ship. Should be sea!orthy as pilots go out in all !eather.



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Table Merchant Ships

Ships Cargo+,uties

-. eneral and (rea"bul" CargoCarriers

-.-. Multi#purpose freighters-./. 0ull Containerships-.1. Heavy cargo ship

eneral and unit cargo2 bales2pallets

Containers of all si%esHeavy goods: locomotives2 plants

/. (ul" Carriers/.-. 'i)uid bul" carriers/.-.- Oil tan"ers/.-./ Ore+Oil carriers/.-.1 '3 Carriers/.-.4 ' Carriers/.-.5 roducts tan"ers/.-.6 Chemical tan"ers

/./. ,ry (ul" Carriers/./.- Ore carriers/././ O(O carriers/./.1 Coal carriers/./.4 rain carriers/./.5 Timber carriers

Crude oiletroleum productsOre and Oil'i)uefied natural gas'i)uefied petroleum gasetroleum productsOther chemicals

MineralsOre+(ul"+Oil $grain2 fertili%er&CoalrainTimber in large holds

1. Roll#on+Roll#off1.-. Train 0erries1./. 7ehicle ferries1.1. Car and passenger ferries1.4. Ro+Ro freighters1.5. 89port Car carriers

*heeled vehiclesTrain !agonsCars2 lorries $truc"s&2 semi#trailers2Cars2 lorries + truc"s passengers

Cars for e9port

4. 0ishing vessels4.-. Tra!lers4./. 0actory ships4.1. 0ishing boats

0ish0ish0ish and processed fish productsFish

Ships Cargo+,uties



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5. assenger vessels5.-. Cruise liners5./. assenger ferries

5.1. Hovercraft5.4. Hydrofoil5.5. Catamaran5.6. etfoil

assengersHoliday cruisesShuttle service for passengers

.A. *ater barges>.-B 0ire#fighting vessels

Ta"e ships into and out of portsSupply oil rigsSupport offshore operations

Transport fuel to other ships0or coastal surveillancessist vessels in entering+leavingportClean the seabed in port areasssist ships in ice#bound areasrovide !ater supplies for ships0ight fires on board ships in ports

?. leasure craft?.-. Dachts?./. Sailing boats?.1. Motorboats?.4. Speedboats?.5. $Rubber& dinghies?.6. Ro!ing boats?.>. addle boats

Mainly for peopleSometimes for small cargo

8SS83T@' SH@@3 T8RM@3O'OD



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T8RMS R8MRES T8RMS R8MRES

(ul"er (ul" ship (+' (ill of 'ading

ReeferRefrigeratedvessel

'aytime Time in port

Modes ofTransport

Road2 Rail2Sea2 ir andCombined

'iner Shipping

'3 Carrier'i)uid 3aturalas Carrier

'SH'ighter boardShip


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CRO

!%&+ --/A&

LIQUID DRY CTA0-/0*-1NON

CONTAINERISEDREFRIGERATED

NO. TYPE OF CARGO -2A34&-* T54- 6 *04HO' TO

(UN) LOAD

7. &iquid !ulk Crude il, 6uel il,&. Tankers 4umpedthrough pipes

8. 1ry !ulkrain, 0ron9re,Coal, *ugar

!ulk CarriersConveyor !elt,Tube, rabs

:. Containerised3any types ofeneral Cargo

Container *hips *pecial Cranes

;. on9ContainerisedTobacco, /ubber,Tea, /ice

3ultideck'essels

Cranes,1erricks


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7. 1eep9*ea &iners 7. 1eep9*ea Tramps 7. il Tankers8. *hort9*ea &iners 8. *hort9*ea Tramps 8. & Carriers:. 4assenger &iners :. Coasters :. Chemical Carrier;. 6erries

Li-e$s, are the ships sailing on $e!u"$ $%u&es on fi/e &i*e&"0e.They sail whether full or not and their schedule is published in advance.

T$"*#s, are the ships sailing on i$$e!u"$ $%u&es on u-fi/e&i*e&"0e.They sail everywhere if there is cargo to carry.

S#e1i"ise Vesses, are the ships designed to carry only "#"$&i1u"$type of cargo, such as crude oil, &, etc.

,*TES: ,eep#Sea F Oceangoing 7oyage

Short#Sea F @nterensulair + ,omestic 7oyage

0erries F carry passengers and vehicles2 acrosschannels and narro! sea.

Coasters F sail on coastal routes and up river to@nland

orts.

Tan"ers F


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-. ,@8S8' 83@38S: Slo!#Speed Medium Speed

/. ST8M T


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/. Steam Turbines:

High pressure steam is directed into a series of blades or vanes

attached to a shaft2 causing it to rotate.

Rotary motion is transferred to the propeller by gear.

Steam is produced from a boiler fired by oil.

Reduced fuel consumption and raised po!er # alternative to ,iesel

8ngine.

Mostly used in Container Ships2 Tan"ers # Cargo Oil umps.

1. as Turbines: as2 instead of steam2 is used to turn a shaft.

pplied in many 3aval 7essels and several Container Ships.

7ery light2 easily removed2 suitable for complete automation.

4. 3uclear lant:


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(esides running and maintaining the main propulsion machinery

of the ship2 the 8ngineer Officer has a great deal of au9iliary

machinery to loo" after.

u9iliary Machinery covers everything mechanical on board ship

e9cept the main engines and boilers.

Responsibility for au9iliary machinery is often delegated to individual

engineer officers2 each one ta"ing responsibility for the efficient !or"ing for

certain items.

lot of e)uipment is duplicated2 so that for e9ample2 one generator can be

overhauled !ithout cutting off the supply of electricity to the ship.

8ngineer Officers on tan"ers are also involved in operating the cargo

pumping machinery2 although the pump rooms themselves are often

manned by Officers from the ,ec" ,epartment.

u9iliary Machineryincludes almost all the pipes and fittings and the

e)uipment needed to carry out a number of functions. These

functions may be summari%ed as follo!:


Auxiliar Machiner


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,*. )U,CT!*,S 0"C&!,ER DESCR!'T!*,S

-To supply theneeds of M+8 (oilers

Air CompressorsTo supply compressed air for startingengines.

Coolers 6or cooling either oil or water.

6eed =ater eater6or heating water for the boilers(0ncreasing the boiler efficiency#.

/

To ma"e theship dry and

trimmed

!ilge 4umpTo remove water gathered inmachinery, cargo and other spaces.

!allast 4umpTo pump water into and out of !allastTanks.

0n eneral Cargo *hips, the pumping systems are usually interconnected and served by the same pumps.

0n Tankers and other !ulk Carriers, these systems are entirely separated, as tankers may need to ballast at

78,>>> tonne)hour and therefore need larger pumps.

1To supplydomestic needs

1istillation 4lant To produce fresh water

*ewage 4lant To provide sanitation

eaters ? Air9Conditioners To provide heating and ventilation

4

To apply theengine po!er forpropulsion andmanoeuvring

A &ine of *teel *hafting

To transmit the engine power to thepropeller, consisting of$ Thrust *haft,0ntermediate *haft, and the 4ropeller*haft

*teering earTo operate the rudder formanoeuvring

5To supplyelectrical po!erand lighting

enerators, steam ordiesel9powered

To produce electrical power

6To moor the ship Handle cargo

Anchor9andling 3achinery =indlass and Capstans

3ooring 3achinery =inches and Capstans

Cargo9andling 3achinery=inches and Cranes (incl. Cargo il4umps@ in tankers#

>To provide forSafety

6ire96ighting -quipment To etinguish fire

6ire91etection -quipment To detect fire

&ifeboat -ngines ?&aunching ear

To launch lifeboats



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1. GE,ER"% 'R!0E DUT!ES: (on board ship)

Responsible for the running of the !hole po!er units.

0unction as a Supervisor2 Consultant2 ,ecision Ma"er $the three basicobs&.

@n charge of maintenance and operation of Main 8ngine and u9iliaryMachinery.

2. STRUCTUR"% 0","GER!"% )U,CT!*,S:

Responsible to the Master for the 8ngine ,epartment.

The employer of $-+8&2 /+82 1+82 4+82 8lectrical Officer2 ,on"eyman.

(eing supervised by Technical Manager of the Company $usually the mostsenior capable engineer& for the structural organs of Management.

. RE)ER T* T&E E,G!,E %*G-B**#:

Read and Observe the engine#rotation.

Chec" the temperature of the piston and cylinder.

Chec" the consumption of 0O and 'O.

nalyse and compare the data !ith previous ones to get the degree ofeffectiveness of engine operation.

$. RE)ER T* T&E S&!' *'ER"T!*,:

Ma"e a plan for routine maintenance and nnual ,oc"ing Repair $based onthe 'og#boo" data&.

,iscuss !ith other subordinate 8ngineers in case of the engine troubles orany other irregularities.

Report to the Master for ta"ing unusual steps2 such as to stop or slo! do!nthe engines.


Duties of Chief Engineer


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Despite no direct access to commercial activities and having a just one small steprank under the Captain, the Chief Engineer contributes significantly to thesuccessful operation of the ship.

Description of PortDescription of Port

Port of Calcutta :Port of Calcutta :

Calcuttais a port in India. It is situated on

the North-East coast, on the estuary of theRiver Hoogly, which flows into the ay ofengal. The population of the city is seven!illion. The distance fro! New Delhi, thecapital of the country, is a"out onethousand !iles.

Make the compositions similar to the model with the followinginformation :

#. $outha!pton is a port in ritain. It issituated on the $outh coast, on theestuary of the River Itchen, which flowsinto the "ay of English Channel. Thepopulation of the city is %&&.&&& thedistance fro! 'ondon, the capital of thecountry, is a"out (& !iles.

). *arseilles is a port in +rance. It is

situated on the $outh coast, on the



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estuary of the River Rhine, which flowsinto the "ay of *editerranean $ea. The

population of the city is (&&.&&& thedistance fro! aris, the capital of thecountry, is a"out && !iles.

%. New or/is a port the 0$1. It is situatedon the East coast on the estuary of theRiver Hudson, which flows into the "uyof 1tlantic 2cean. The population of thecity is 3 !illion the distance fro!4ashington DC, the capital of thecountry, is a"out )5& !iles.

.Tan6ung rio/7a/arta - 88888.

5. 91 ort of your own choice: 888

Description of VoyageDescription of Voyage

Model 1 :Model 1 :

2n *ay the tenth, )&&, the *;.1ndro!edaunder the *altese +lag left re!en for Riode 7aneiro with a cargo of electrical goodsand che!icals. $he called at Cher"ourg and

;igo, and then sailed straight across the



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$outh 1tlantic to ra#&>&5 - *;.'e=uria - 'i"erian +lag -$ydney to 'i!a - wool and !eat -1uc/land and +i6i - acific 2cean - eru- )% days of voyage - 3 days unloading- #?>##>&5 return.

). ?>(>& - *;.*ary 7ade - ana!anian

+lag - 'iverpool to *ontreal - whis/yand te=tiles - Du"lin and Cor/ - North1tlantic - Canada - #) days of voyage- days unloading - )>(>& return.

%. )3>#&>&) - *T.oston - @ree/ +lag -Dur"an to o!"ay - crude oil -

*o##>&) return.

. 91 voyage of your own choice: 8..

,escription of 7oyage

Model :Model :Created by A. CHALID PASYAH, M.Pd. Dip.Tesl.


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2n 1pril B, )&&), the general cargo vessel, the*;.$ea-E=plorer under the Norwegian +lag left

the port of New 2rleans in the 0$1 for Hawaii inthe Hawaiian Islands. $he sailed across the @ulfof *e=ico, through the ucatan Channel andalong the North Coast of 7a!aica, calling atingston. Then she sailed through the ana!aCanal and across the acific 2cean to Hawaii.

Make the compositions similar to the model with the followinginformation :

#. )5>#&> - "ul/ oil carrier - *T. Enterprise -$ingaporean +lag - Nagasa/i - 7apan - hargIsland - @ulf - East Coast of China - Taiwan

$traits - $outh Chine $ea - $ingapore - $traits of*alacca - Indian 2cean - harg Island.

). #B>B>&) - passenger liner - *;. Rising $tar -ritish +lag - $outha!pton - the 0 - Naples -Italy - English Channel - ay of iscay - 4estCoast of ortugal - 'is"on - $traits of @i"raltar -*editerranean $ea - Naples.

%. 91 voyage of your own choice: 8..

E3ercises o/ 4oyage Description



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*odel #*odel #

-.


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