KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Potential of improved infrastructure standards on cross-border

KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in Railway technology

Railway Group

Potential of improved infrastructure standards on cross-border rail

corridors

Prof. Bo-Lennart Nelldal, PhDRoyal Institute of Technology

Stockholm (KTH)2012-10-17


Railway Group

2

Content

• KTH Railway Group

• Methods

• Development of rail traffic in Sweden

• Analysing infrastructure performance

• Proposals


Railway Group

Competition/cooperation

Profitability

KTH Railway Group– Systems Approach

Safety

Capacity

Revenues

Costs


Railway Group

KTH Railway Group Organisation

4

Rail VehiclesProf. Mats Berg

Traffic and LogisticsAdj. Prof. Bo-Lennart Nelldal

Lightweight StructuresTekn. Dr. Per Wennhage

Str. Engin.and BridgesProf. Raid Karoumi

BoardTRV, KTH, Bombardier, Vectura, SL, Interfleet

DirectorProf. Sebastian Stichel, Rail Veh.

Sound and VibrationsTekn. Dr. Ulf Carlsson

Electrical MachinesProf. Stefan Östlund

Vehicle DynamicsProf. Annika Stensson

Machine DesignProf. Ulf Olofsson

Railway EngineeringAss. Prof. Elias Kassa


Railway Group

Optimizing wagons, trains and infrastructure

6 MW

Wagons

Trains

Network

Infrastructure

25

ton

Commodities

Paper

Coils

20

ft ct

Traile

rs

8.3

ton/m

1000 m

750 m

Length 880 m

3,6 x3,6 m


Railway Group

Stockholm

S:t Petersburg

Köpen -hamn

Hamburg

Göteborg

Oslo

Malmö

Tammerfors

Århus

Uppsala

Åbo

Umeå

Uleåborg

Trondheim

Bergen

Stavanger

Västerås

Hallsberg

NorrköpingLinköping

Jönköping

Helsing -borg

Odense

Ålborg

Gävle

Sundsvall

Östersund

Borlänge

Örnsköldsvik

Skellefteå

Luleå

Trollhättan

Lund

Halmstad

Varberg

Tallinn

Riga

Helsingfors

Skövde

2 millions ton5 millions ton10 millions tonMain LineRail FerryContainer shipping

Karlstad

Moss

20102030

Rail Freight flows towards Gothenburg, Scania and Continent 2010-potential 2030


Railway Group

7

Freight trains 2010

Freight trains 2030 with increased rail market share


Railway GroupInternational transports to/from Sweden 1970-

2006 forecast to 2020 with today´s trend

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Tra

nsp

ort

ed v

oly

me

mil

lio

ns

of

ton

exc

l io

re a

nd

oil

Truck

Railway

10 000 trucks/dayor 250 freight trains

3 000 trucks/dayor 75 freight trains


Railway Group

1 freight train every 40 minutes

1 truck every 15 seconds

International transports– between Sweden and the continent of western Europe

Both directions incuded1 EU-truck average load 15 tons

1 freight train avrege load 600 tons1 freight train = 40 trucks

Figures from 2006


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10

What is important for efficiency?

• Infrastruture capacity

• Axle load

• Meter load

• Loading gauge

• Train length

• Train weight


Railway Group

Alternative Use of P/C 450

Pocket wagonwith 4,5 m trailer

4830

48

30

48

30

830

4000

330

45004830

Low built wagonwith 4,0 m trailer”Trailer train”


Railway Group

FinlandKUP/C 497

NorwayM, UP/C 410

SwedenA, CP/C 450P/C 432P/C 422P/C 410

DenmarkGermanyG2P/C 410P/C 405P/C 400

ØresundUIC GCP/C 450

Loading gauges and intermodal gauges


Railway Group

Loading gauges in Sweden and Russia

RU gauge

3400

4650

SE gauge A

3600

4830

SE gauge C

Swedish normal3,40x4,65 m

Swedish extended3,60x4,83 m

Russian normal?3,25x5,30 m


Railway Group

Useful cross-section m2

Germ

any

- G2

Denm

ark

- G2

Øresu

nd -

GCSw

eden

- A

Swed

en -

C

Norway

- M

+U

Finl

and

- KU

P/C 4

00P/

C 450

(3.1

5 x

4.83

)

(3.4

0 x

4.83

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14U

sefu

l cr

oss

sect

ion m

2


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Opportunities of a Large Gauge

5 seats across, X53 unit

Frederik Tellerup

158 m3 volume, SECU container

Kockums Industrier


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Transport Economy

Train length - inter modal

10091

85

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

630 m 750 m 835 m

Ind

ex

Train weight - unit train

10092

83

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1600 ton 1 oldloco

2600 ton 1 newloco

5200 ton 2 newlocos

Ind

ex

Axle load

10091

8377

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

22.5 tonnes 25.0 tonnes 27.5 tonnes 30.0 tonnes

Ind

ex

Loading gauge

100

72

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Loading gauge G1 Loading gauge C

Ind

ex


Railway Group

Map: KTH

Investigate infrastructure performance standards

Source:

EU-projectScandria


Railway Group

Map: KTH

Axle load


Railway Group

Map: KTH

Meter Load


Railway Group

Map: KTH

General loading gauge


Railway Group

Map: KTH

Intermodal loading gauge


Railway Group

The Öresund bridgeNetwork statment from 2011-12-11

• Axle load 25 ton

• 8,3 ton/meter

• Intermodal gauge P/C 450 • Train length 1000 m

• Train mass 4000 ton

In the network statment it is also declared that the Swedish loading gauge C 3,604,83 will be implemented from 2020


Railway Group

4.65 m

4.2 m

4.0 m

>4.5 m

>4.95 m

>4.5 m

Vision: P/C 450 rail corridor

4.1 m

Fran-ScanHi-Cube Intermodal Corridor

(G2, P/C 450)


Railway Group

Railway Loading Gauges

>G2G2

<G2

Vision: G2 rail corridor


Railway Group

Rail FreightCorridors

Long freight trains835 m

Hamburg-Padborg-Kopenhagen


Railway Group

Rail FreightCorridors

Long freight trains835 m

Hamburg-Padborg-Kopenhagen- Continue to Hallsberg?


Railway Group

Conclusionsof investigations between Scandinavia and Europe

• Extended intermodal loading gauge

– In many cases possible by measuring actual obstacles and making minor adjustments

• Extended loading gauge for wagonload

– Especially valuable to make rectangular profile in upper part

• Operation of longer trains

– Can be possible on existing infrastructure but simulations and network analysis must be done to verify possible slots


Railway Group

Inter Modal from

Scandinavia to Russia

Inter Modal via ferrys to Finland


Railway Group

Wagon Load from Sweden to

Russia

Wagon load via Tornio by

changing axles or reloading

Remark: rail ferry line closed 2012


Railway Group

Proposalsfor cooperation between Russia and Europe

• How to handle intermodal between Scandinavia and Russia

– Trailers can be handled on existing ferries on many destinations. What are the prerequisities for trailer transports on rail and road in Russia?

• How to handle wagonload between Sweden and Russia

– The train ferry line Sweden – Finland is closed, but the railway to Haparanda/Tornio is improved

• Comparsion of freight train operation in Russia and Scandinavia

– What is best practice in Russia and what can we learn in Europe?

• Reliable systems in cold weather operation

– Exchange of experiences


Railway Group

Thanks!

[email protected]

Home page:www.abe.kth.se/tol/jvg

http://www.infra.kth.se/tol/jvg

Documents

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Potential of improved infrastructure standards on cross-border