Hardware, Software,and Mobile Systems

Chapter 4

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“3D Printing Our Own Drones Isn’t Going to Save Us Enough Money.”

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• Investigating using 3D-printed parts to make drones in-house.– Cost-savings, greater flexibility updating current fleet.

• Not enough parts can be replicated.– Nonprintable component parts.

• Maybe not compatible with existing internal systems.• Passive recharging platform using 3D-printed parts a huge

success.• Frustrating, costly to be on “bleeding edge”.

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Study Questions

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Q1: What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Q2: How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?Q3: What do business professionals need to know about software?Q4: Is open source software a viable alternative?Q5: What are the differences between native and Web applications?Q6: Why are mobile systems increasingly important?Q7: What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work? Q8: 2026?

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Q1: What Do Business Professionals Need to Know About Computer Hardware?

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• Central processing unit (CPU) - “the brain”.• Dual-processor and Quad-processor computers.• CPUs vary in speed, function, cost.• CPU works in conjunction with main memory (RAM). • CPU reads data and instructions from memory, and stores

results of computation in memory.

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Storage Hardware

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• Save data and programs• Common storage devices

– Non-volatileMagnetic disks (Hard drive)Solid-state storage (SSD)Thumb drivesOptical disks (CD/DVD)

– Volatile - cache and main memory.

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Basic Types of Hardware

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Server farm

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Large collection of coordinated servers

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Computer Data: Binary Digits (Bits)

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Important Storage Capacity Terminology

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Specifying Hardware with Computer Data Sizes

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• Disk capacities specified by amount of bytes. – 500 GB

• CPU speed expressed in cycles called hertz.– Slow personal computer speed of 3 Gigahertz. – Fast PC 3.5+ GHz.

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Q2: How Can New Hardware Affect Competitive Strategies?

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• Potentially disruptive hardware developments for existing organizations.

1. Internet of Things (IoT)2. Self-driving Cars3. 3D Printing

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Internet of Things

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• Everyday objects embedded with hardware capable of sensing, processing, transmitting data.

• Objects share data via a network with any other application, service, or device.

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Impact of the Internet of Things

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• GE’s Industrial Internet– Increase efficiencies, reduce waste, improve decision

making. – Greatest potential for smart devices in hospitals, power grids,

railroads, and manufacturing plants.• Smart buildings (Microsoft)

– ID problems like wasteful lighting, competing heating and cooling systems, rogue fans, etc.

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Self-driving Cars by 2019

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• Make things easier, cheaper, safer. • Automobile accidents may become a

thing of the past.– Car insurance eliminated (?).

• Eliminate need to have multiple cars.• Avoid costly traffic tickets, parking

tickets, DUI citations.

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Self-driving Cars Will Disrupt Businesses

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• Auto sales - Fewer cars on road may mean fewer cars sold.• Auto loans, insurance, collision repair shops.• More jobs for engineers, programmers, systems designers.• More computer hardware, sensors, and cameras in vehicles.

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3D Printing

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• Plastics, metals, ceramics, foods, biological material.

• Opportunities in aerospace, defense, automotive, entertainment, and healthcare industries.

• What happens when 3D-print extra-large objects like cars, airplanes, boats, houses, drones, etc. becomes possible?

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Existing 3D Printing Examples

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• ChefJet– Culinary artists and novices can produce

intricate, beautiful, and fully customized deserts.

• Living cells – Organs, bones, heart valves, skin, joints.

• Houses & buildings

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Q3: What Do Business Professionals Need to Know About Software?

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• Native applications• Thin-client vs thick-client applications• Web applications

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Major Operating Systems

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Major Operating Systems (cont'd)

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Example of the Modern Interface

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Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in Microsoft Windows 7 Professional

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• PC virtualization• Server virtualization• Desktop

virtualization

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Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

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How Virtual Machine Example

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Own Versus License

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• License– Right to use specified number of copies.– Limits vendor’s liability.

• Site License– Flat fee to install software product on all company computers

or all computers at specific site.• Open Source

– No license fee.

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What Types of Applications Exist, and How DoOrganizations Obtain Them?

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What Is Firmware?

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• Special software installed on read-only memory (ROM)– Printers, print servers, communication devices.

– As if program’s logic is designed into device’s circuitry.

– Can be changed and upgraded like other software, but normally a task for IS professionals.

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So What? New from CES 2015

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• Driverless Mercedes-Benz F 015• “Works with Nest” – home automation and IoT.• MakerBot

– 3D printing in metal, wood, and stone.– Print 50+% of typical household items.

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Q4: Is Open Source Software a Viable Alternative?

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• LibreOffice (default office suite in Linux distributions)• Firefox (a browser)• MySQL (a DBMS, see Chapter 5)• Apache (a Web server, see Chapter 6)• Ubuntu (a Windows-like desktop operating system)• Android (a mobile device operating system)• Cassandra (a NoSQL DBMS, see Chapter 5)• Hadoop (a BigData processing system, see Chapter 9)

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Why Do Programmers Volunteer Their Services to Open Source Projects?

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• Exercise creativity on interesting & fulfilling projects.• Freedom to choose projects.• Exhibit skills to get a job.• Start a business selling services.• Succeeds because of collaboration.

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Source Code Sample

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Software

Source code:

Human readable computer

code

Machine code: Source code

compiled into instructions

executed directly by

computer’s CPU

How Does Open Source Work?

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Closed-source or proprietary softwareOnly available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors.

Open-source softwareavailable to public.

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So, Is Open Source Viable?

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• Depends on requirements and constraints.• “Free” open source software might require support and

operational costs exceeding cost of licensing fee.• Blending proprietary and open source software in future.• Closed source project

– Highly protected source code, only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors.

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Q5: What Are the Differences Between Nativeand Web Applications?

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Q5: What Are the Differences Between Native and Web Applications? (cont'd )

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Developing Native Applications

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• Run on any operating system and device.• Serious, heavy-duty, professional programming languages.

– Objective-C, C#, C++, Swift, Java, VB.NET, etc.– Close control over computing device, enable creation of

sophisticated and complex user interfaces. – Fast and efficient use of memory.

• Limited to type of operating system.• Costly development.

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Developing Web Applications

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• Web development languages: html5, css3, Javascript.• Browsers handle idiosyncrasies of operating system and

underlying hardware.• html5: support for graphics, animation, 2D animations, other

sophisticated user experiences. • css3: used with html5 to specify appearance of html coded

content. • JavaScript: provides underlying logic of application.

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GetHuGames SpiroCanvas

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Sophisticated HTML5 Application

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Which Is Better?

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• Depends on:– Strategy and goals.– Application requirements.– Budget.– Schedule.– Tolerance for managing technical projects.– Need for application revenue.

• Thin-client applications cheaper to develop and maintain.• May lack "Wow!" factor.

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Ethics Guide: Free Apps for Data

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• How do you monetize “free” apps? • “If you’re not paying for it, you are the product.• Data Brokers• Snoopwall reports

– Flashlight Apps– Require permission to access data about your location, network

connectivity, USB storage, install shortcuts, receive data to/from the Internet, modify your system settings, and disable your screen lock.

4-42C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 7 P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c .

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Q6: Why Are Mobile Systems Increasingly Important?

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Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity

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Q7: What Are the Challenges of Personal MobileDevices at Work?

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Survey of Organizational BYOD Policy

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Advantages of Example BYOD Policies

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Q8: 2026?

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• Always on, always connected, always communicating, always working, and playing trend continues.

• Internet of Things– Home analyzes you; see what, how, when you do things, anticipate your needs.– Same at work.– Hot jobs today -- IoT architect, marketing technologist, BigData architect, and

DevOps manager.• Best-paying jobs in 2026 don’t currently exist.• To prepare, cultivate creativity, novel problem solving, good judgment, develop

sincere desire to learn new things.

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Smart Home

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Security Guide: Anatomy of a Heartbleed

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• One of most serious security issues to face technology industry in many years.

• Know what Heartbleed was and why it was important.• Heartbleed hit list.

– http://mashable.com/2014/04/09/heartbleed-bug-websites-affected/

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Guide: Keeping up to Speed

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• Relentless pace of change in technology.• 21st century business professional cannot bury head in sand.• Use knowledge of IT to gain competitive advantage.• Don’t ignore technology.Read articles, technology ads, attend seminars and

workshops.• Get involved

– User representative in technology committees.

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Active Review

C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 7 P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c .

Q1: What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Q2: How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?Q3: What do business professionals need to know about software?Q4: Is open source software a viable alternative?Q5: What are the differences between native and Web applications?Q6: Why are mobile systems increasingly important?Q7: What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?Q8: 2026?

4-53

Case Study 4: The Apple of Your i

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• Created mobile markets with iPod, iPhone, iPad.• Opened own stores.

– Open and inviting sales floor, Genius Bar help desk, incredibly well-trained and disciplined sales force.

• Pioneered Internet sale of music and applications.• Tripled market share in three years.• Second largest public company in world.

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Case Study 4: The Apple of Your i (cont’d)

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