Trafficking in Persons: Global PatternsKristiina Kangaspunta

International Symposium on International Migration and DevelopmentTurin, 28-30 June 2006

Anti-human Trafficking UnitUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

UNODC

Data:

• Information collected from 113 sources113 sourcesreporting trafficking cases in more than 450 450 publicationspublications from all over the world

• About 5,000 accounts5,000 accounts of trafficking recorded between 1996 and 2003

• Detailed information on 161 countries161 countries

R e se a r c h I n st i t u t e s18 %

N GOs18 %

M e d i a5 %

I n t e r n a t i o n a l Or g a n i z a t i o n s

3 2 %

Go v e r n m e n t a l I n st i t u t i o n s

2 7 %

Sources of data:

Database includes information on:

• Persons trafficked from, through and to a country• Trafficking routes• Trafficking for sexual exploitation or forced labour• Nationality, sex, and age of victims and offenders• Number of investigations, prosecutions and

convictions per country

Origin countries of trafficking in persons

Transit countries of trafficking in persons

Destination countries of trafficking in persons

Profile of the victims

Boy s3%

Gir ls17%

Children24%

Men2%

W omen54%

Type of exploitation

Labor Expl.23%

Sexual Expl.77%

Offenders Nationality

Africa9%

Asia25%

CEE26%

CSI15%

Latin America and Caribbean

8%

North America1%

Oceania1%

Western Europe15%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

5-Very High4-High3-Medium2-Low1-Very Low

Destinations of Trafficking

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent I

ndex

High Dev.

Low Dev.

Development and Destination Countries

Global Patterns – Transnational and Internal Trafficking

• Victims are reported to be trafficked from poor territories to more affluent areas.

• Both origin and destination countries have strong presence of organized crime.

• Victims are trafficked from rural areas to more affluent urban areas

• Exploited in the urban areas• Further trafficked from urban areas abroad

• Nepalese Victims into India

• Bangladeshi Victims into India

• Indian Victims trafficked internally and abroad

TransnationalTrafficking

InternalTrafficking

Origin Areas

An example: Trafficking flows in India

Human Security Branch/ Division for Operations

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vienna International Centre

P.O. Box 500A-1400 Vienna, Austria

http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/trafficking_persons_report_2006-04.html