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b2- nha dai ( khdi c h ; tqa cho c keo canh rnQt dan I cac dii tl (H7-18).

xa g6 vdi xa g6 nllo h m gat l6n xa g6 ldn.

b- Khi hai khdu dQ bHng nhau thi ap dung phacfng cach vi keo k6 tren vi kko, vi keo a c6 mat d$u gat len tadng, mot d$u cbn lai gat 16 vi kko b, d vi t r i giao tuy6n giQa cac met ddc d$t d$m nghieng c n6u khdu dS, ldn thi c6 ti18 thay dhm nghi6ng bhng ban vi keo. (H7-17)

2.4- He gihng :

a- Tac dung cda h@ gidng : Cac dan vi keo piling rieng 16 ngoai viec dadc li6n k6t vdi nhau bHng cac xa gd ma con phAi cdu tao lien k6t bhng thanh gihng, thanh chdng. v.v ... dagc goi chung la he gihng nhhm tao thanh mat he cdu k6t khbng gian Bn dinh, bao dam cac tac dung :

- Li6n k6t khbng gian cac m$t dan vi keo, bao dAin bn dinh ngoai m$t pl18ng cho cac than11 canh chju nkn.

- Ch!u cac lqc khbng nhm trong in$t phhng ciia dan vi kito, truydn di cac lqc di xudng cot, mong.

- BAo dAm dqng l6p thuan tien, an toan.

d k6t ciiu ddn vi kit0 c i a mai nha, thadng dung 2 loqi giHng : giHng trong mat ph6ng mai v i giHng trong m$t pl~hng cac thanh ddng cua dan vi kho.

b- He gidng trong mat &ng mai : Diiy la he gihng chu y6u nhdt bAo dAm tinh chdt bi6n hinh c6a cbng trinh, bho dAn 6n dinh c6a toan dan vi kko cung n h a ccla thanh canh nkn. Tuy the0 clli6u dai nhi , do ldn ciia d in vi keo va k6t cdu tadng d$u h6i ma co thd cs'u tao h$ gihng inai n h a sau :

bi- Tradng hdp chidu dai nha < 20m va c6 tadilg d6u h6i cdng c6 thd chju dagc ILJ'C ngang (tudng gach > 22cm) thi c6 th6 d ing ngay xa g6 d6 lam giing, vdi didu kien x i gb phai dagc cdu tao li6n kgt chat vao thanh kit0 (canh tr6n c6a dan vi keo) cGng nhu' vaa tadng h6i.

b2- T r ~ d n g hdp t d n g h6i khbng du cdng dd ch!u daqc lqc ngang cClng n h ~ r khi nha dai qua (khoang cach gi3a cac tu'dng ngailg cdng > 201n) thi phai tao ra nhililg khdi cdng 6 hai dhu nha va dpc chi& dai nhi , cach nhau khbng qua 20m d6 lain didm tqa cho cac xa g6 6n djnh cac dAm vi keo khac d khoang giiia. Khdi cdng gSin 2 d i n vi keo canh nhau, than11 kit0 du'dc ndi nhau bhng cac thanh gihng chko chQ thap, tgo th inh mot dan nhm nghieng. Thanh giHng chi50 d6ng dinh trqc ti6p vao thanh keo ho$c qua cac dai thep mong, ch6 giao nhau gi3a gihng chko va xa g6 cung cdn lien k6t ch$t.

c He gidng d&ng :

He gi5ng ddng c6 tac dung co" kkdt cho cac mGt c i a can11 du'di (qua giang) khbng venh kh6i mgt phhng c i a dan vi k&o, bAo d i m cho dan c6 vi t r i t h i n g dQng, dgc biet khi c6 gi6 1611, nGn cung duqc goi la g i h g gi6. Gi5ng dgt trong mgt ~ h i n g t h h g ddng 6 giaa dan vi k&o 116i tting dbi vi kko vao nhau va co thd cach vai ba gian thi 116 t r i mot 118 gihng ddng. Kh811g n$n lam gi5ng ddng li811 tqc su6t chi&u dai gi5ng vi khi cfh 116u mQt dan vi kko c11i11h hi plla hoai vi nguy8n 11h2n nao 86 thi s6 chuy6n lqc sang cac vi kko lAn c$n va c6 thd gAy pha hoai dAy chuy6n.

Khi nhjp c i a dan vi kko kha 16n (> 151n) thi ~ h A i lain 2, 3 11e gi5ng dQng trong cAc mat ph ing thanh ddng khac cGa dan vi kko.

He gifng ddilg bao g6n1 hai thailh thkp c113 th$p vh met than11 ngang 116 c: i r ~51111 duf6i (qua giang), Than11 cl16o b5t bu loll vho tl1ni111 clil'ng ciia clan vi kko cl~iiih (116'~ t11an11 nay bfng g6) 11oQc b5t bu 1011 viio xh gB vii vho chnh dufdi cua dan vi k6o c:l1i1111, thanh ch6o chi1 duqc lain bang thkp trbn, bAt vit viio cAnh dan vi k6o.

Tikdt dien c