KONSERVASI ENERGI UNTUK MENURUNKAN EMISI CO2

POKOK BAHASANProfile penggunaan energi di IndonesiaKonsumsi energi per sektor Profile penggunaan energi pada bangunanKonservasi energi dan emisi CO2Upaya emisi CO2 di permukiman

PROSENTASE POLA PEMAKAIAN DAN CADANGAN ENERGI INDONESIA (1995) Sumber : Rencana Induk Konservasi Energi Nasional (RIKEN, 1995)

Pemakaian energiCadangan energiMinyak bumi 65,45%Minyak bumi 9,18%Gas bumi 19,92%Gas bumi 14,61%Batu bara 7,58%Batu bara 75,28%Tenaga air 6,54%Tenaga air 0,76%Panas bumi 0,51%Panas bumi 0,16%

KONSUMSI ENERGI PER SEKTOREnergy consumption by sector and target of energy conservation in Indonesia up to 2000

Source : RIKEN, 1995

SectorsEnergy consumptionEnergy conservation targetIndustry45%20%Transport30%15%Buildings25%15%

PEMAKAIAN ENERGI PER SEKTOREuropean union (1994) Industrial sector : 33% Transportation : 25% Building sector : 39% ----- reduced to 20% (2000) Conservation program intended to gain 50% reduction in energy consumption and 50 70% reduction in CO2 By controlling passive solar energy, lighting and conventional heating the project hopes to improve the quality of the indoor visual and thermal climate and, furthermore, to reduce or even eliminate the need for active cooling Martin McDonald, Europen Community launched THERMIE Program, 1994 (Seminar-workshop on Energy in Buildings, Singapore, 20-23 June, 1994)

FINAL ENERGY USE BY SECTOR, KTOE in MalaysiaSeminar on energy in buildings, 94

SECTORS199019911992Industrial5885 (44.5%)6413 (44%)7112 (43.9%)Transport5387 (40.7%)5806 (39.8%)6226 (38.4%)Residential and commercial1646 (12.4%)1747 (11.9%)1891 (11.7%)Non energy299 (2.4%)467 (3.2%)656 (4.2%)Agriculture127 (1.1%)391 (2.8%)Total132171456016192

Electricity Consumption, ASEAN Building Sector (GWh)*Total electricity demand of all sectors Source : ASEAN Energy review, 1994

YearAll sectorBuildings(% of total*)Residential(% of total*)Commercial(% of total*)198895,31048,932 (51,4)24,588 (25,9)24,344 (25,5)1989107,41753,381 (49,7)26,572 (24,7)26,809 (25,0)1990121,53260,283 (49,6)30,216 (24,9)30,067 (24,7)1991133,82366,436 (49,6)33,328 (24,8)33,198 (24,8)1992148,40576,103 (51,3)36,799 (24,9)39,304 (26,5)Increase in 5 yrs,%55,755,549,761,5

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI SECARA UMUM BANGUNAN DI INDONESIAAC : 66%Penerangan : 17,4%Lif/elevator : 3,2%Pompa : 4,9%Lain-lain : 8,5% (Hasil survey DJLEB, 1992)Profil penggunaan energi berbeda tergantung jenis penggunaan bangunan

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI PADA BANGUNANEnergy consumption in general buildings (ITB, 1990)

PROFIL ENERGI PADA BANGUNANEnergy consumption in hotels (ITB, 1990) Energy consumption in offices (ITB, 1990)

PROFIL ENERGI PADA BANGUNANEnergy consumption in hospitals (ITB, 1990)

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI Residential buildings in Indonesia (1994)Air conditioning : 11%Lighting : 33%Utilities : 19%Entertainment : 12%Kitchen : 16%Others : 9%

Penggunaan energi di bangunan umumnya menggunakan listrik, baru kemudian LPG, minyak tanah, biogas dalam prosentase terbatas dan umumnya untuk keperluan memasak

Unit electricity consumption of miscellaneous appliances (1994)

Appliances or useAverage annual energy use (kW)Sewing machineClockKitchen blenderExhaust fanEgg cookerM i x e rWindow fanWaffle ironHeating/sun lampHair dryerWaste disposalV C RSump/sewage pumpGrill or griddleCeiling fanVacuum cleanerCoffee makerRadioCountertop broilerHot plate101515151515202520303040404050505090100100

Appliances or useAverage annual energy use (kW)HumidifierRecord playerMicrowave ovenComputerElectric blanketHand ironPortable fanTV, tube type Fry panDishwasherCountertop roasterAir cleanerEngine heaterTV, solid state, colorWater DispenserDehumidifierWell pumpTV, tube type, colorWaterbed heaterPool pump1001101201301501501501502002002002252503003004004007509001500

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ENERGI DI SINGAPURA (1994)

Commercial buildingsShopping buildingsHotel buildingsHospital buildingsAC67%70%57%50%Lighting5%7%12%13%Lift & Escal17%11%6%9%Medical24%Heat pump1%Kitchen5%Cold room4%TV3%Others11%12%12%4%

LANGKAH-LANGKAH YANG TELAH DILAKUKAN di INDONESIA Program penghematan energi Melakukan audit energi Pengembangan teknologi konservasi energiPenyusunan SNI konservasi energi pada bangunan gedungPenyusunan juknisSosialisasi hemat energi

KONSERVASI ENERGI & EMISI CO2Pembangkitan energi memberikan emisi CO2

Konservasi energi memberikan kontribusi terhadap penurunan emisi CO2

Disamping konservasi energi, tindakan diversifikasi energi dan inovasi alternatif energi akan sangat membantu

PELUANG EMISI CO2 DI SEKTOR PERMUKIMANPENDEKATAN1. Pendekatan proses membangunPlanning-design-construction-operation & maintenance-demolition2. Pendekatan substansi pembangunanBahan bangunan- arsitektonis & interior- struktur utilitas Pendekatan aspek lingkunganGreen open space-eko labelling-keanekaragaman hayati di permukiman4. Pendekatan budaya

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