KONSEP PERATUS

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KONSEP PERATUS



PERCENTAGE

Concept

ArithmeticTeaching kits



Perkataan percent diambil daripada

perkataan Latin iaitu per centum. cent bermaksud seratus.

Simbol % digunakan untuk mewakili peratus.Simbol tersebut berkemungkinan tercipta

semasa abad ke-15.

Menariknya, simbol % mengandungi 2 sifar

seperti angka 100.



Menurut MokS

oonS

ang &S

iew Fook Cheong(1988) konsep peratus ialah perkiraan yang

dinisbahkan dengan dasar seratus untuk

memudahkan perbandingan.

Perbandingan di antara kuantiti yang sama

jenis di mana kuantiti asas dinisbahkan

sebagai seratus (Mok Soon Sang, 1988).



The term percent means parts per hundred.

(W. George Cathart et.al, 2006)

The numerators of fractions with a

denominator of 100 are called percents.

(Benny F. Tucker et.al, 2006)



Example :

7/100

= 7 per ratus

= 7 peratus

= 7 %



In mathematics, a percentage is a way of

expressing a number as a fractiomn of 100 ( per

cent meaning "per hundred" in Latin). It is often

denoted using the percent sign, "%", or theabbreviation "pct". For example, 45% (read as

"forty-five percent") is equal to 45/100, or 0.45.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage)



Percentages are used to express how

large/small one quantity is, relative to another

quantity.

The first quantity usually represents a part of,

or a change in, the second quantity, which

should be greater than zero.



For example, an increase of $ 0.15 on a price

of $ 2.50 is an increase by a fraction of

0.15/2.50 = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage,

this is therefore a 6% increase.



Although percentages are usually used toexpress numbers between zero and one,

any dimensionless proportionality can be

expressed as a percentage.

For instance, 111% is 1.11 and 0.35% is

0.0035.



Pengiraan Peratus (%)

Contoh 1 :

10% = 10

100= 1 x 100

10

= 10%



Menukar nombor perpuluhan kepada peratus

(%) Contoh :

0.83

= 0.83 x 100%= 83%



Menukar nombor pecahan kepada peratus

Contoh :

= 12

25

= 12 x 100

25

= 48%



Method And Teaching Kits

Activity For Percentages

(Understanding The Meaning Of Percent)

Activity For Percentages

(Lets Go To The Mega Sales)

TEACHING KITS



ACTIVITY FOR PERCENTAGES

(UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF PERCENT)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

To represent percents as fractions withdenominators of 100

To convert fractions with denominators of100 to percent

MATERIALS

100 pieces of one sen coins and 10 x 10 grid



METHOD AND TEACHING KITS

PERCENT TRICKS

NEWSPAPER KITS OR SETUP CLASSROOM

PERCENTAGE SQUARE

SURVEY



Pupils arrange 100one cent coins with

head sides facing upon the 10 x 10 grid

Guide pupils to flip over acertain number of coins so

that the tail sides arefacing up

Teacher introducespercents as fractionswith denominators of

100

Pupils flip back theflipped coins. Procedure2 is repeated with other

number of coins

Teacher guides pupil sto conclude on themeaning of percent



ACTIVITY FOR PERCENTAGES

(LETS GO TO THE MEGA SALES)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

To find the value of a percent from an amount of

money

MATERIALS

A dice marked with 10%.20%,25%,30%,50%,70% on

each of its face for each group

A calculator

Mega sale lists

Activity sheets



Procedure 1 :- in groups of four each pair of students

take turns to buy any itemsfrom the mega sale list

Procedure 2 :- throw the diceto determine the percentage

of discount

Procedure 3 :- calculate theamount of discount and fill in

the table in activity

Procedure 4:- each pair issupposed to buy any 5 items



Bibliografi

Mok Soon Sang. (1988). Panduan mengajar

matematik KBSR. Kuala Lumpur: Kumpulan

Budiman Sdn. Bhd.

Mok Soon Sang & Siew Fook Cheong. (1988).

Pengajar an d an pembel ajar an matematik

untuk peringk at sekol ah rend ah. Petaling Jaya:

Longman Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.



John N. Fujii. (1965). Numbers and arit hmetic.

California: Blaisdell Publishing Company.

Derek Haylock. (2006). Mat hematics ex pl ained

for primary teachers: t hird edition. Lond

on:Sage Publications Ltd.

Benny F. Tucker, Ann H. Singleton & Terry L.

Weaver. (2006). Teaching mat hematics to all children: second edition. New Jersey: PearsonEducation, Inc.



Frank J. Swetz & Liew Su Tim. (1988).

Pengajar an matematik KBSR. Petaling Jaya:

Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.

W. George Cathcart et.al. (2006). Learning

mat hematics in element ary and middle

schools: a learner-centered approach. New

Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

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KONSEP PERATUS