Dr Ika Heriansyah

Principal Researcher,

Forestry Research, Development and Innovation Agency (FORDIA)

Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Email: heriansyah.forda@gmail.com

-------------------------------------------------------------------------Embassy of Republic of Indonesia, Tokyo, 15 June 2017

OUTLINE PRESENTATION

Ecosystem Restoration (ER) as new paradigm of Forest Production Management

Characteristic of Ecosystem Restoration Concession (ERC) as a basic data-information to determine restoration techniques and to develop comprehensive regulations

Goal of Ecosystem Restoration and Tools for Monitoring and Evaluation

Major Findings

ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AS NEW PARADIGM OF FOREST PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

• Indonesia’s production forests deliver all kinds of ecosystem services tosociety. However, even though the value of tropical forests and other forest-derived products and services has been recognized and widely accepted,production forests continue to be seriously threatened at an alarming rate byvarious forms of human encroachment. Widespread deforestation anddeclining condition of the forests caused by over exploitation, mis-management, premature cutting, illegal logging, land encroachment, fire,natural disaster and non forestry uses (conversion) have resulted inenvironmentally, economically and aesthetically impoverished landscapes.

• After massive deforestation and forest degradation, conservation, sustainablemanagement and even restoration of native forests have become a goal inthe forestry sector in order to ensure that the forest-derived goods andservices meet the present day economic demands and at the same time willbe sustained for long term availability and development.

• Degradation needs to be addressed in a variety of ways and at a range ofscales. While site-level interventions are important, they need to becoordinated with effective planning at the landscape level.

Government of Indonesia (Ministry of Forestry) creates Ecosystem RestorationConcession (ERC) as new paradigm of forest production management, shifting paradigmfrom wood based to ecosystem based management. ERC hopefully can increase thevalue and sustainable use of forest ecosystems that significant economic implicationswhile at the same time is an important step towards resource conservation andenvironmental protection.

Forestry sector contributes to country economy for about US$ 7 - 8 Billion/yr

(invesment of US$ 27.7 Billion; 4 million workers)

Research Contribution :• Degraded forests are still deliver all kinds of

ecosystem services to society. Ecologically,they are storehouses of biological diversity,protect watersheds, stabilize and fertilizethe soil, prevent erosion, moderate climate/carbon storage, and act as animal habitats.Economically, they are the sources ofcarbon stock, water resources, provide non-timber forest product and also perfect forecotourism and recreation.

• Biodiversity is important in manydimensions, economical dimension (food,energy, medicine, services, etc), ecologicaldimension (stabilize ecological processes andindicator of natural sustainability),sociological dimension (guarantor forcontinuing knowledge/culture) and politicaldimension in geo-politic aspects

• Philosophy of ER is identity of tropical forest

• Area of ERC can’t be limited, its should beecosystem based and/or home ranges of keyspecies based regulation has followed

• Home range of some flagship species:Java eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi) = 30,7 km2

Arboreal Primate (Orangutan) = 161 km2

Elephant = 60 – 165 km2

Carnivore: Tiger (Panthera tigris), P. pardus

(Macan Tutul), Neofelis nebulosa (Macan

Dahan) dan Ursus malayanus (Beruang

Madu), found only in big island : 200 km2

• ERC consist of important/essential ecosystem,ERC management divided into 3 zones:protected, production and non-production.Protected zone at least 30% of concession area,depend on ecosystem type and/or home rangesof key species

CHARACTERISTIC OF ERC

Vary in ecosystem type and area -time and techniques

Vary in biophysical aspects (level of degraded, land cover, potential) – area to be restored, techniques, time, cost

Differed on core of business – should be held in all zones

Differed on key species and habitats

Area of protected zone

Vary in social type – specific conflict resolution

236,342

364,353

14,080 8,300

Dry land (5)

Peat (9)

Mangrove (1)

Swamp (1)

Area Based:

Restoration

Activity Based:R & D

ProtectionSocial

Business

Characteristic of ERC determine operational activities that specific to ecosystem type, socio-culture type and core of business

ERC OPERASIONAL

-

ERC

BEFORE EQUILIBRIUM

ECOLOGY

GROUND CHECK

Flora, Fauna,

AbiotiC

REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM

DEGRADED ECOSYSTEM

ECONOMYASSESSMENT

NTFPs, Services, Ecotourism, etc

FEASIBILITY STUDY PROSPECTIVE BUSINESS

RKPHSOCIAL

SURVEY

Demography

Local habits

Related to forest

SOCIAL TYPE

RESTORATION STRATEGIES

RKU – RKT RE

SOCIAL COLLABORATION

WORK PLANCITRA SATELITE

TEMPORARY ZONES:

-PROTECTED

-PRODUCTION

- NON-PRODUCTION

AFTER EQUILIBRIUM

(PRODUCTION ZONE) INVENTORY:

STANDING STOCKWORK PLAN

LOGGING ECOSYSTEM

RESTORATION

FAUNA CORRIDOR

EVALUATION

ZONES REVISION

----------------------------

R & D; PROTECTION

MONEVP.21/2016

IHBRE – P.9/2015PP 6/2007 jo PP 3/2008P.64/2014 P.66/2014

P.1

0/2

01

5

Research plays an important rule of regulation and ERC’ operation

Bio

mass &

nu

trie

nt

cyclin

g

Species & complexity

Ecosystem

processes

Ecosystem

structure

ORIGINAL

ECOSYSTEM

DEGRADED ECOSYSTEM

Restoration

Rehabilitation

Enhancement

No action?

No action?

Replacement

Replacement

STRATEGY OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION

Biodiversity and ecosystem services

Degraded levelTime and Cost

Reconstruction

Intensive planting

Enrichment planting of Species

Enrichment planting of Species number

Assisted Natural Regeneration

Natural Regeneration

High Low

Physic

Initiation

Biotic

Re-initiation

Function

Climax

SPECIES DETERMINATIONKey plant species for restoration

Species type Purpose

native species species attractive to frugivores species forming mutualistic

poorly dispersed species rare or threatened species fast-growing species species tolerant of poor soils nitrogen-fixing species economically or socially fire tolerant species

to enhance biodiversity to encourage seed dispersal to foster wildlife populations relationships with

animals to facilitate their colonization (e.g. large fruit) to increase their populations to occupy site and exclude weeds to facilitate rehabilitation to improve soil fertility to provide economic “goods” beneficial plants to use in fire-prone landscapes, create new forests

or form buffers around restored forests

GOAL OF RESTORATION

INTERVENTION IMPACT OUTCOMES

Restoration

Productivity

Ecosystem

Services

Connectivity

Mitigation

Risk

economy

Risk

Environment

Biodiversity

Aleviation

Poverty

Sustainable

life

Biodiversity

Conservation

BaselineTime (t)

Reference Ecosystem/ Optimum Ecosystem

Ecosystem stability:

Flora, Fauna and

Abiotic

Optimalization of Ecosystem function:

Economy/private and Social/public

TARGET

MONITORING (yearly by MU)

EVALUATION (every 5 year)

by MU to improve forest management

by Government to performance valuation (certification)

PROCESS

Zonation

Work Plan

(RKU/RKT)

+ Intervention

IHBRE

TOOLS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATIONDG Regulation P.21/2016

Regular forest inventory for ecosystem restoration

In the beginning, research provides data and information about characteristics andfunction of degraded forest production (ecologically, economically and socially), thencontribute to determine suitable area for ERC;

Since 2007 (3 years after first regulation of ER), first ERC (PT. REKI; Harapan Rain Forest)established in ‘open access’ area as birds habitats (then found Sumatera Tiger,Elephant, Tapir, etc.), following by other ERC’s with specific ecosystem types, flagship-/umbrella-/key-species of flora and/or fauna and different core of business to conserveremaining forest and restore degraded forest;

Operationally, research also plays important rules to develop comprehensiveregulations, starting from inventory as the basic data and information to make specificwork plan, determine restoration techniques/strategies and finally to do monitoringand evaluation in order to measure level of success;

Whenever operational of ERC on the track (research based), we believe that ERC canincrease the value and sustainable use of forest ecosystems that significant economicimplications while at the same time is an important step towards resourceconservation and environmental protection;

Based on research, ERC is opportunities, challenges and hope of Forest ProductionManagement for the Future Generation

“ Restore Forest Ecosystem” to

“Save Our Planet”