Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon Island · PDF file1 KOLOMBANGARA ISLAND PROFILE BY FREDDY EDOWAY Figure 1. The map of Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon

KOLOMBANGARA ISLAND PROFILE BY FREDDY EDOWAY

Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon Island

Prepared by Freddy Edoway

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Contents

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... iii

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

2. Population, culture & ethnic diversity ......................................................................................... 2

3. Administration system ............................................................................................................... 3

4. Accessibility ............................................................................................................................... 4

5. Main Economic Activities ............................................................................................................ 4

5.1. Agriculture ......................................................................................................................... 5

5.2. Fishing ................................................................................................................................ 5

6. Potential future economic activities ........................................................................................... 7

6.1. Furniture ............................................................................................................................ 7

6.2. Tourism .............................................................................................................................. 8

7. Disaster Prone ........................................................................................................................... 9

8. Extractive Industry ................................................................................................................... 10

9. Main trade links: Exports & Imports.......................................................................................... 11

10. Biodiversity Values ............................................................................................................... 12

10.1. Birds, Frogs and Endemic animals ................................................................................. 12

10.2. Vegetation .................................................................................................................... 13

10.3. Coastal Forest and Mangrove........................................................................................ 13

10.4. Marine resources .......................................................................................................... 14

11. Some major problems .......................................................................................................... 15

11.1. Logging, gardening & agriculture and plantation ........................................................... 15

11.2. Social Problems ............................................................................................................ 16

11.2.1. Education ................................................................................................................. 16

11.2.2. Health ...................................................................................................................... 16

12. Development assistance Programmes .................................................................................. 17

13. Government Plans & Programmes ........................................................................................ 19

14. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 20

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List of Figures

Figure 1. The map of Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon Island ................................... 1

Figure 2. Kolombangara population growth rates for each inter-census period ................................... 2

Figure 3. Different type of ethnic group in Kolombangara Island ......................................................... 3

Figure 4. Labour Force by occupation in rural and urban areas, 2009 .................................................. 4

Figure 5. Main Economy Activity ........................................................................................................ 6

Figure 6. Solomon Island fish catch and world price 1986-2009 .......................................................... 7

Figure 7. Furniture made from teak things by local carpenters ........................................................... 7

Figure 8. International tourism, number of arrivals in Solomon Island ................................................. 8

Figure 9. Festival and tourist attraction activity .................................................................................. 9

Figure 10. Describes natural disasters events in Western Province .................................................... 10

Figure 11. The picture illustrate, Kolombangara Island conservation area ......................................... 11

Figure 12. Endemic birds of the Western Province and location of Heinroth’s shearwater nesting

sites. ................................................................................................................................................ 12

Figure 13. Mangrove Forest, South Kolombangara Island ................................................................. 14

Figure 14. Marine Resources in Kolombangara Island ....................................................................... 14

Figure 15. Expenditure in FT 2013-2014 (A$ million) ......................................................................... 18

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Figure 1. The map of Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon Island

1. Introduction

Kolombangara Island is one of the islands located in Western Province of Solomon Islands

in the Southwester Pacific Ocean at 157°E, 8°S is part of the New Georgian chain of islands. The

land area of The New Georgian group islands covers 5.060 km2 (Mann, Taylor, Lagoe, Quarles, &

Burr, 1998). The island forms part of the southern boundary of the New Georgia Sound; to the

northwest the Vella Gulf separates it from Vella Lavellaand Gizo, while to the southeast New

Georgia lies across the Kula Gulf. West-Southwest of Kolombangara is Ghizo Island, upon which

the Western provincial capital Gizo is located. An extinct Pleistocene volcano, the island is almost

evenly circular spanning 32 km in width, and nearly completely symmetrical in topography

(Whitmore, 1989).

Western Province of Solomon Island consist of 35 islands including Kolombangara Island.

Kolombangara means “Water Lord”. This island has more than 80 rivers that cascade down its

steep slopes that provide a lifeline to villages nested around the coastline. The distance of

Kolombangara Island from Gizo, capital city of Western Province are 15km. While, Gizo is the

second largest city in Solomon Island after Honiara (Scales, 2003). Kolombangara Island is an island

with extinct volcano about 30km across that rises 1,800m from the sea, forming highest mountains

in Western Province of Solomon Island (KIBCA).

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/New_Georgia_Sound

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Vella_Gulf

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Vella_Lavella

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Gizo%2C_Solomon_Islands

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/New_Georgia

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/New_Georgia

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Kula_Gulf

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Ghizo_Island

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Gizo%2C_Solomon_Islands

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2. Population, culture & ethnic diversity

According to National Census Report (1999), there are approximately 5,600 people living

on Kolombangara. A total of 3,550 people living in 115 villages living on the seaside and others

about 2,070 or so are living on premises of various institutions. These including the Roman

Chatolic Tural Training Centre a Vanga, The seventh-day Mission at Kurundu Kolombangara

Forest Products Ltd (KFPL) company town at Ringgi, Poitete and Manighisi. Village based people

are about 63 percent, institutional setting are 37 percent. Since Second World War, the

population has extended swiftly (Scales, 2003).

Figure 2. Kolombangara population growth rates for each inter-census period

1970-76 1976-86 1986-99 1970-99

Village sector Population Growth (%) 35 55 67 248

Institutional Sector Population Growth (%) 15 -36 118 59

Overall Kolombangara Population growth (%) 23 8 82 142

National Population Growth (%) 22 45 43 154

Source: (Scales, 2003)

Regarding to the religion in Kolombangara, there was 54 percent of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA),

16 percent of United Church, and 10 percent of Christian Fellowship Church (CFC). While 20

percent were mixture of South Evangelical Church, Melanesian Church, and Roman Catholic

(Scales, 2003).

Different language are spoken in Kolombangara reflecting the religious affiliation and regional

descent affiliation. Nduke is spoken in Kolombangara village as their first language.

Approximately 3,500 – 4,000 people can speak Nduke, followed by Solomon Island Pijin. Almost

everyone in Kolombangara can speak Pijin including non-indigenous people living in institutional

settlements. Nduke language originally was from southwest islands.

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Ethnicity, Language and religion in Kolombangara are traditionally entangled. The data analysed

in the 1999 census publicized that most of Kolombangara population come from the people who

are born in western province about 83%. Another come from Malaita, Choiseul, Guadalcanal with

7%, 4%, and 2% respectively. While other 4% of population is come from other 5 rural provinces

(SIG, 2009).

According to the Bureau Statistic of Solomon Island, Kolombangara has 5 types of ethich group,

namely 95% of Melanesian, 4% of Micronesians, follow by the mixture of Polynesians, Chines or

European.

Figure 3. Different type of ethnic group in Kolombangara Island

Source: (SIG, 2009)

3. Administration system

The Solomon Island is a constitutional monarchy with unicameral parliament. The head of state is

HM Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a governor-general hold office for a five-year term. There

are three levels of government namely, national, provincial and local government.

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4. Accessibility

There are two domestics airport served from Honiara, the capital City of Solomon Island to

Kolombangara Island namely Munda and Gizo. Solomon Airlines operates daily air services

from Munda and Gizo airports to Honiara (daily). Kolombangara Island itself can be reached by

sea travel via motor-powered canoe and the predominant mean of transport, taking 30- 40

minutes. Another way to reach Kolombangara Island is by an airstrip which is located in Ringgi

and Kukundu (near Iriri and Hambere) but this only for private charters (KIBCA). Almost three-

quarters of the Kolombangara Island have an all-weather gravel ring road starting near Ringgi

Cove. Therefore, the further action needs to be taken by local governments to in order to

provide road infrastructure for Kolombangara Island communities.

5. Main Economic Activities

Solomon Island culture, traditionally defines the role played by the man and women generally,

gardening and household duties are responsible by women, while for the man responsible for

building canoes, clearing of the land, fishing and hunting. Although, western culture much

affecting the Kolombangara Island, traditional role played between man and women are

practiced until now and it is unlikely change (Pollard, 2000).

According to SIG (2009), the number of labour force who working in rural areas dominated in

Figure 4. Labour Force by occupation in rural and urban areas, 2009

agriculture, forestry and fisheries,

while in urban areas people choose to

work in services and sales field. It

seems that most people in rural areas

including Kolombangara inhabitant

mostly works in in agriculture,

forestry and fisheries.

http://www.flysolomons.com/

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5.1. Agriculture

Agriculture in Western Province comprise of three subsectors namely large plantation,

commercial farming and smallholder farming (Gay, 2009). Mainly the population in rural areas

engage in subsistence agriculture activities that are frequently shared with cash cropping.

Western Province community have access to the food by hunting, gardening, fishing and

buying store-bought food. The main crops in Western Province are: sweet potato, taro, yam,

cassava, pana (seasonally). Vegetables and root crops are supplementary income and a part

of the staple diet gotten from sales of copra and cocoa (Allen et al., 2006).

Particularly in Kolombangara Island, farming is the livelihood of the most people in

Kolombangara Island. There are two main characterises of cropping activities of Nduke

agriculture, food gardens and coconuts. The gardens offer the vegetables, root crops, and fruit

which complement store goods, fish, and foraged greens. The most significant agriculture

activity in Nduke is sweet potato farming. A large area of Kolombangara Island is also planted

coconuts and copra. Coconuts and copra play an important role as income by almost all

households. Copra are produce periodically rather than continuously. Copra are supplied to

the market. In Nduke, the Copra sold in sensitive to price which means that it is not worth the

effort (Scales, 2003). Almost every households sells copra 7,000 tons (t) (about USD 533)/ year,

although the price usually fluctuated which affecting farmers (Western Provincial

Government, 2012).

5.2. Fishing

Many communities around the pacific island including Kolombangara Island community exploit

their marine resources through their traditional knowledge or customary marine tenure (CMT)

system. This CMT are based on Traditional marine knowledge (TMK). People in Kolombangara

Island often fishing as part of their supplementary food. This marine management system

needs to be managed in effective way. Although, indigenous fisheries detailed ecological

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knowledge and potentially accurate can be assessed, their behaviour and skill also have a

similarly play significant role in the design of management system (Sabetian, 2002).

Figure 5. Main Economy Activity

Source: www.4wdaus.com

Artisanal and subsistence fishing are essential source of livelihoods and a main source of

protein for rural people in Western Province of Solomon Island (Weeratunge et al., 2011;

Kruijssen et al., 2013). The census conducted in 2009 shows that most of the products sold in

the market dominated by marine products which was 54 percent of households sold finfish,

19.8 percent was shellfish, 11.3 percent was lobster/crab, 9.6 percent sea cucumber and 4.7

percent turtle. However, since there is a growing issue on market pressure, climate change

and unstoppable population growth insufficient to meet future demand (Bell et al., 2009).

The number of fish catch in Solomon Island decreased from 55,000 to just below 500 in 2009

in Solomon Island.

http://www.4wdaus.com/

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Figure 6. Solomon Island fish catch and world price 1986-2009

Source: CBSI, Annual Report

6. Potential future economic activities

6.1. Furniture

The total Solomon Island areas covered about 80 percent (Wein & Chatterton, 2005). For the

local community forest has bring the number of benefits such as carving, furniture, flooring

for domestic and international. The community has been used teak for the interior and

exterior of a house (Blumfield, 2012).

Source: (Blumfield, 2012)

Solomon Island is abundant of the tree harvesting. Furthermore, carvings are getting

internationally well-known with the increasing the amount of the total export. Salomon

Figure 7. Furniture made from teak things by local carpenters

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International tourism, number of arrivals in Solomon Island

30000

25000

20000 23000 24000 21000

15000 18000 16000

10000 14000

11000

5000 9000

7000 6000

0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Island carvings exported in a number of countries including Fiji in which Solomon Island

carvings to be seen. Furthermore, plays an important role in provision office assets. It also

absorb job for the local people.

6.2. Tourism

Tourism in Solomon Island has great impact on local economy. The number of visitors

who visit went to Solomon Island has increased significantly from 7,000 in 2003 to

24,000 visitors in 2014.

Figure 8. International tourism, number of arrivals in Solomon Island

Source: World Bank, 2014

Tourism has great promise for the future of Kolombangara. It has the potential to generate

long run income both for small family-run and for Kolombangara Island Biodiversity

Conservation Association (KIBCA) as well as to put this jewel of an island and KIBCA’s

conservation efforts in the international spotlight. While tourism offer potential benefit on

one side, however on the other side it needs careful management since tourism often brings

several negative impact.

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KIBCA has taken a number of step in order to balancing the importance of tourism and

preserving biodiversity conservation. For example, in June 2011 KIBCA held festival to

celebrate the 400m conservation area officially and devoted by the Prime Minister and the

Minister of Environment. Celebration of festival play vital role in raising awareness of the local

people of the importance of keep biodiversity of Kolombangara Island.

Figure 9. Festival and tourist attraction activity

Source : www.kolombangara.org

7. Disaster Prone

The small, isolated islands that make up the Pacific developing member countries are vulnerable

to the impacts of natural hazards and climate change. Their economies and key industries such

as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and tourism depend heavily on the environment. Systems and

procedures to protect the environment are therefore critical for their development.

http://www.kolombangara.org/

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The Western Province of Solomon Island is highly prone to disasters. This country experiences

tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, flood, landslide, and drought. This province has ocean

equatorial climate with a mean temperature of 27°C (80°F). Furthermore, it also has high

humidity throughout the year. June to August are the coolest period, while from November to

April are the higher rainfall period with average between 2,900mm and 2,500mm (Rural

Development Division, 2001). However, during November to April, this area experiences strong

winds and storm, with treats of cyclone which often blow south, sparing the western province

from damage. Historically, Western Province of Solomon Island including Kolombangara Island

and other islands being exaggerated by natural disaster (Bennett et al., 2014).

Figure 10. Describes natural disasters events in Western Province

Disasters Periods 1950 –1960

1961 –

1971

1972 –

1982

1983 –

1993

1994 –

2010

Total

Cyclone 0 4 1 0 0 5

Earthquakes 3 21 43 N/A 67 134

Tsunami 3 0 1 0 2 6

Landslide 0 0 0 0 2 2

Flood 0 0 0 0 6 6

Drought 0 0 0 0 2 2

Volcanic eruption 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 6 25 45 0 79 155

Source: Rural Development Division, 2001, and the Ministry of Environment Conservation and Planning.

8. Extractive Industry

New Britain Palm oil is the oil company has been operating throughout the Kolombangara Island

since 2005. This palm oil industry contributed about 14 percent to the Solomon Island National

Export in 2010. However, the issues of monetary that landowner benefited regarding the logging

industry. Actually, locals has concerned about the locations around the Kolombangara Island that

are steep sloop and unsuitable for oil palm plantations. It is contended that ‘the net economic

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benefits of oil palm are less than those from traditional and alternative uses of the land’ (Allen et

al., 2006).

Figure 11. Kolombangara Island conservation area

Source: kolombangara.org

9. Main trade links: Exports & Imports

Kolombangara Island has mostly link to the market located in Gizo, capital city of Western Province.

The opening up of the British Oil Palm company in Kolombangara Island mostly has affected the

export and the import of the product from this island. Marine products such as crayfish, trochus

and sharks’fin are exported internationally (Adams, Leqata, Ramohia, Amos, & Lokani, 1992).

Moreover, since the operation of the logging industry in Kolombangara Island the timber are

exported internationally which contribute 67 % of the national income (UN-REDD Programme,

2011).

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10. Biodiversity Values

10.1. Birds, Frogs and Endemic animals

The biodiversity of Kolombangara Island has been well documented in Solomon Island in

comparison to other Islands. Myer and Diamond have been studied and documented the

diversification of the birds in Kolombangara Island. Kolombangara Island has high birds

endemism with 10 species. At least there are 47 birds species recorded in Kolombangara

Island. Frogs and reptiles also been studied. In addition, many vertebrates under the

threatened since mixture of natural (Pikacha & Sirikolo, 2010). Furthermore,

Kolombangara has known as divers of frogs. There are more than 10 species of frogs in

Kolombangara Island. Kolombangara also famous for its locally endemic birds such as the

Kolombangara White Eye, only found above 700m and locally endemic frogs.

Figure 12. Endemic birds of the Western Province and location of Heinroth’s shearwater nesting sites.

Kolombangara white-eye A rarely captured endemic Meek’s lorikeet. Photo by Patrick Pikacha

Source : www.kolombangara.org

Source : www.conservationagreementfund.org

Endemic Birds Western Province, Source : Pikacha and Sirikolo (2010)


http://www.conservationagreementfund.org/

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10.2.Vegetation

Lowland forests are very rich in terms of tree diversity and floristic plant. In the early 1960s

most of Kolombangara Island covered by evergreen tropical rainforest for above 300m

(Whitmore, 1974). Forest logged was started in mid 1980s. Some of land areas were

transformed to agriculture purposes, including cattle under trees by Forest Department

into the artificial forest. At least there are 192 species of three flora in Kolombangara Island

that reach thirty centimetres girth at 1.3m height (Whitmore, 1974).

Kolombangara Forest Products Limited (KFCPL) is a Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

certified sustainable timber Plantation Company established in 1989 that holds a 75 year

lease over 2/3 of the island. KFPC is representative owned by the Solomon Islands

Governments. KFPCL has been built cooperative with Kolombangara Island biodiversity

conservation association (KIBCA). KIBCA plays an important role not only by conserving

rainforest but also for scientist studying the high altitude forest.

10.3. Coastal Forest and Mangrove

Coastal forest and southern swamp and the wetlands of Kolombangara were placed in the

directory of wetlands of Oceania. This recognised by experts as important sites as a refuge

for biodiversity (Scott, 1993). Southern Kolombangara has the most extensive and intact

coastal forest and mangrove around the island. Mangrove forest is crucial for both human

and biodiversity. They are the shelter of the some vertebrates and spawning places for

many species of fish. The pots of mangrove are harvested and the flesh of pots shred in to

thin length then used as food.

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Photo: H. Boseto

10.4. Marine resources

Kolombangara Island is abundant of its marine resources. The importance of the marine

resources cannot be separated from the local community life as part of their livelihood.

Local communities have managed the marine resources with their local knowledge.

Regardless the local communities livelihoods, there has been increasing a number of

visitor o come to visit Kolombangara Island since its beauty of island marine resources. The

attractiveness of Island with abundant of coral reefs, fish, turtles have triggered the

domestic and international tourist to visit this area.

Figure 14. Marine Resources in Kolombangara Island

Source: http://yachtlorelei.blogspot.com.au/2013/06/episode-17-solomon-islands.html

Figure 13. Mangrove Forest, South Kolombangara Island

http://yachtlorelei.blogspot.com.au/2013/06/episode-17-solomon-islands.html

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Logging machinery being unloaded onto Kolombangara Island to be used in the Viuru area. Source : www.Kolombangara.org

11. Some major problems

Although, Solomon Island is known as the riches area of forest areas, and sea cover area, the

opportunity of earning income is small for local people particularly for women. Subsistence

activities are essential to achieve household of rural area.

11.1. Logging, gardening & agriculture and plantation

One of the main problems for

the future of the Kolombangara

Island people is the degradation of

forest that cover in almost every

country. Forest are cut for export

and local use; agriculture, shifting

cultivation. The expansion of

logging activity in Kolombangara Island may not only affect the biodiversity and the ecosystem

surrounding the area but also it can trigger the landslide and flood as well as soil erosion and

water shortage in future. A number of studies have found that timber harvesting in Solomon

Island increased to 325,000 cubic per year (m3/yr). However, the real logging rates were

700,000 (m3/yr). The government issued logging licenses for 4 million (m3/yr). It was debated

that this kind of logging activity could reduce Solomon Island’s forest in another 3 years (Neal

Lineback, 1998). Logging is the greatest challenging for the biodiversity of the Kolombangara

Island. Logging companies has been destroying a large tract of lowland forest area of the

Kolombangara Island. This activity has mainly affecting the vertebrates, fruiting, roosting sites,

nesting, seeding trees and polluting important stream ways. In some area of Kolombangara

Island logging company has reached above 400m where protected (Pikacha & Sirikolo, 2010).

Furthermore, forest being cleared for agricultural purposes. In addition, most of lowland


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areas around Kolombangara Island have been clear. These areas have been converted to

plantation. The areas are planted several trees such as, malina trees, eucalyptus.

11.2. Social Problems

There are many social problems that are facing by Kolombangara Island such as education,

poverty, land right, gender and other social issues.

11.2.1. Education

Although the economy of the western province is growing, the western province of the

Solomon Island is significantly till depending on the national budged especially in

supporting the wages and the salaries of the teachers, the police, and the health workers.

There are many education challenges faces by western province of Solomon island which

is including Kolombangara Island where not all children can access to the schools (Western

Provincial Government, 2012). Furthermore, there is also the limitation of financial

management in all education level of institutions (Western Provincial Government, 2012).

This problem also exacerbated with high level of untrained teachers or poorly trained

limited supplies of resources (Ministry of education, 2003).

11.2.2. Health

The western province of Solomon Island has extended the facilities and health

services for the people in the rural areas. Gizo hospital analysts reported that there was 95

percent of the population have accessed to the basic health services this including referrals,

treatment and malaria testing through 60 health facilities. The facilities comprises of 2 main

hospitals, 24 clinics located in rural areas, 5 area health centres and 29 nurse aide post. As

a result, life expectancy for birth rate has rose by 7 years which was 55 year in 1989 - 62

year in 2009 (Western Provincial Government, 2012). However, health department are

17


facing several challenges in terms of the infrastructure. Some of the health facilities such as

clinics in rural areas have closed since the buildings are damaged itself. Moreover, there was

a shortage of nursing staff and medicine due to the limitation of the budgetary (Solomon

Island Government, 2007).

A further problem need to be considered regarding the health is the water shortage.

Only small amount of total population can access to the clean water. According to the 2009

census, 18% of total population consumed clean water (Western Health services Provincial

Government 2012).

12. Development assistance Programmes

Development assistance program in Solomon Island play an important role in developing

its economy. Development assistance program come from the several countries and donor

agencies as Australian, New Zealand, The United Stated, Asian Development Bank, World Bank,

European Union.

Australia is Solomon island major development, economic and security partner. Australia’s

development assistance is emphasis on stable nation underpinned by economic growth and

viable institution. This bilateral program is called the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon

Islands (RAMSI), restored law and order, stabilised the economy and rebuilt national institutions.

Australia assistance program has focused on economic management, law and justice, services

(education and services) as well public sector governance (DFAT, 2014).

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Figure 15. Expenditure in FT 2013-2014 (A$ million)

Source: Aid works

Other includes program managements (5.540, Scholarship (4.17), Democratic

Governance (2.73), Humanitarian Response Disaster Management (2.72), NGOs (2.77),

Stats (1.12) and Gender (1.11).

The United State for International development (AUSAID) has supported program which

can help societies adapt to the global climate change and the disaster relief efforts and the

disaster risk reduction programs in order to enhance the capacity of the locals in respond to the

disaster. For the island border protection of Solomon Islands is trained by The United States

Coast Guard. The U.S also provide training courses to the national security official and military

education (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2015).

There are several New Zealand’s development assistance programs focused. Firstly, it

focuses in transportation infrastructure to improve and deliver infrastructure to connect the

market and services and drive economic development. Secondly, it also focuses in fisheries by

improving the management of fisheries in order to increase their income, job creation, and

preserve the stock of the fish for the future generation. Furthermore, New Zealand also has

emphasis on improving education by helping the children, young generation building the literacy

19


skills. Finally, New Zealand development assistance also focused on revenue administration as

well as policing, law and justice (MFAT). However, there is no further research whether such

development assistance program from a number of countries been implemented to the

grassroots particularly in Kolombangara Island.

Kolombangara Island Biodiversity Conservation Association (KIBCA) has also play an

important role in conserving the Kolombangara area. There are number of goals that has been

played KIBCA include protecting 400m protected areas, raising awareness of the landowners for

conservation and sustainable resource management, Providing the effective livelihood programs

which benefits the economy of the communities, documenting the history of the of local people,

Generating the income in order to support community base program and outstanding

management and governance (KIBCA). KIBCA supported by Kolombangara Forest Products

Limited (KFPL), Solomon Island Community Conservation Partnerships (SICCP), American

Museum of Natural History (AMNH), WWF and nature (in Australia).

13. Government Plans & Programmes

Currently, central government of Solomon Island has pledge to support Kolombangara Island’s

400m conservation area. Prime Minister, Danny Philip has backed Kolombangara land holder.

The largest conservation area with 20 thousand ha is been dedicated. Despite the logging

activity been going, Western Province of Solomon Island has been taken the number of actions

such as afforestation and deforestation particularly in Kolombangara Island. The largest

afforestation and deforestation areas focused in Kolombangara Island with 12,000 ha of planted

tropical woods in which managed by Kolombangara Forest Product Limited (FKPL) (Bennett et al.,

2014).

http://www.kolombangara.org/kfpl-kolombangara-forest-products-limited

http://www.kolombangara.org/kfpl-kolombangara-forest-products-limited

http://www.siccp.org/

http://amnh.org/

http://amnh.org/

http://www.panda.org/wm

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14. Conclusion

Kolombangara Island is the area with abundant of natural resources in terms of its forest, marine

resources. However, since the growing of the population in Kolombangara Island and migrant,

the natural resources may tend to diminish. Therefore, local sustainable approach of managing

forest and marine resources is an essential part of all stakeholders. Moreover, local government

should also address the issues of health and education which is fundamental for Kolombangara

Island communities.

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REFERENCES

Adams, T., Leqata, J., Ramohia, P., Amos, M., & Lokani, P. (1992). Pilot survey of the status of trochus

and beche-de-mer resources in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands with options for management. A report prepared for the South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia.

Allen, M., Bourke, R., Evans, B., Iramu, E., Maemouri, R., Mullen, B., . . . Zotalis, S. (2006). Solomon Islands smallholder agriculture study. Provincial Reports, AusAid, Canberra.

Bell, J. D., Kronen, M., Vunisea, A., Nash, W. J., Keeble, G., Demmke, A., . . . Andréfouët, S. (2009). Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. Marine Policy, 33(1), 64-76.

Bennett, G., Cohen, P., Schwarz, A.-M., Albert, J., Lawless, S., Paul, C., & Hilly, Z. (2014). Solomon IslandS: Western Province Situation Analysis. CGAR Research Program On Aquatic Agriculture Systems. Penang, Malaysia. Project Report: AAS-2014-15.

Blumfield, T. (2012). Analysis of potensial market for product based on the result of the testing and proces ACIAR

Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. (2015). U.S. Relations With the Solomon Islands. Accessed 17 April 2015, from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2799.htm

Central Bank of Solomon Islands. (1999-20010). Annual Report. Honiara: Central Bank of Solomon Island.

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). (2014). Aid Program Performance Report 2013-14, Solomon Island Australia Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

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Documents

Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon Island · PDF file1 KOLOMBANGARA ISLAND PROFILE BY FREDDY EDOWAY Figure 1. The map of Kolombangara Island, Western Province, Solomon