Knowledge Organiser

Year 8

Name: ___________________

Self-quizzing

This is your personal knowledge organiser which contains lots of key information that you

need to learn for each of your subjects.

For every subject there are two columns – questions and answers

Every subject has also been divided up into different sections

Every week at home you are required to complete two sessions of self-quizzing. Each

session will last approximately 30 minutes:

1. Pick a subject and one section for this subject

2. Read the questions and answers and try to commit the answers to memory

3. Cover up the answers

4. Answer the questions from memory in your self-quizzing exercise book – with black pen

5. Uncover the answers

6. Check your answers – tick the answers you got right and correct the answers you got wrong with a blue pen

7. If you got one or more of the answers wrong: Repeat this whole process again for the whole section (not just the questions you got wrong)

8. Once you have got all the answers right for this section – pick another section and complete the whole process again

9. Stop once you have completed this process for two sections

10. In your next self-quizzing session include a section you have previously covered and a brand new section

Art

Question Answer

What part of history is considered Tudor? 1485-1837

What did their houses typically look like? One of the most distinctive things about a Tudor house is the black and white effect, because of their exposed wooden frames. They usually had a thatched roof, although rich people could afford to use tiles.

What was heraldry and why was it important? In Tudor times a special badge, or coat of arms, was used to show who you were. Pictures on a flag or a shield could be used to show who your family was or where you came from.

What is a sphere? A 3D ball

What was the best technique when rolling the perfect sphere?

Use a hard surface to give it a smooth finish. Don’t touch the clay too much. Use smaller amounts to create more opportunities to get a smoother outcome.

What happens to the clay when it’s rolled into sausage shapes?

The heat from your hands dries the clay out. The clay becomes brittle. The length of clay breaks apart. The moisture reduction makes the clay difficult to manipulate further.

Which method of construction is most successful when trying to create height?

A wide base helps to distribute the weight above. Building up into a thin top point helps to lengthen the top. Short wide building blocks at the bottom with thinner taller blocks towards the top gives the most stable structure.

What happens to clay after long durations of using it? It becomes: Dry, brittle, difficult to roll and difficult to manipulate.

When attaching to pieces of clay together what technique do you have to use?

Score and slip.

How do you create a cylinder? Roll out a piece of play using a rolling pin and clay guides. Measure a rectangle out using a ruler, then cut it out using a clay knife. Form into a cylinder shape, score and slip the two edges that will go together and attach the two edges. Smooth the clay to get rid of the seam. Add a sausage of clay to the inside of the cylinder to add support.

What does recess mean? The surface has gone in., usually as the surface has been taken away.

What does relief mean? The surface it is sticking out, usually as something is added.

What happens to the clay after you are finished creating your pot?

They get fired.

What is the piece of equipment to (last question) called? A kiln

What is glaze?

A mixture of powdered materials added to water to create a paint like consistency. This is used to paint on to our ceramics to add colour.

What is a hybrid? A mix of two different elements.

Where did the Ancient Egyptians believe you went after you died?

Hall of the dead.

What is the correct way of building the layers of watercolour to create 3D effect?

By creating layers of water colour, making each layer more pigmented and adding finer details.

What does the term ‘media’ mean in Art? This is the type of material used to create a piece of artwork. This could be: paint, pencil, collage, ceramics.

What does ‘mixed media’ mean? An artwork made of more than one material or ‘media’

When you begin the process of removing parts of the lino to create the first colour layer what do you need to consider?

What parts off your print you want to stay white (usually the outline).

What size blade do we use for the outline? Small

When printing, why do we have two rollers? One is for adding ink (wet roller), the other is for applying pressure to help the image print (dry roller).

When you begin the second cutting stage, what are you trying to add?

The areas that will be printed and texture.

When inking up your tile what do you need to consider? That you have enough ink and it’s an even layer.

What is the key to lino printing? Good registration.

What is Fauvism?

Fauvism is the style a group of early twentieth-century 1904 -1910. It was founded by a group of modern artists whose works emphasised soft brush strokes and strong colours rather than more realistic tones.

Who are the Ndebele? The Ndebele is a South African tribe.

What are the Ndebele’s known for? They create the famous house-paintings and beadwork described as “Ndebele”.

Art

Who in the Ndebele tribe is responsible for the artwork? The tribe’s women.

What are some of the characteristics of the Ndebele pieces? Bright, bold colour, geometric, symmetrical, black outline.

Why is white always used as a background colour? To make the colour put on top stand out.

What does symmetrical mean? The same on both sides.

Why do we use a template? So we know that our design will fit together correctly

When using craft knives what must we remember?

To only have the blade up two notches, always use a cutting mat, always cut away from yourself and keep your fingers away from the blade.

What paint are we using to finish the shields? Acrylic paint

Computing

Spreadsheets

Question: Answer:

How can you add a new Excel worksheet? To add a new Excel worksheet, you should insert worksheet tab at the bottom of the screen.

Which of the following is NOT capable of producing a spreadsheet? Open Office Calc Microsoft Office Excel Microsoft Office Word

Open Office Calc Microsoft Office Word

In a cell reference, for example A1, what does the letter refer to? The row the cell is in The column the cell is in The worksheet the cell is in

The row the cell is in

Formulae must always start with which symbol? Equals Add Brackets

Equals =(C4*C5)

Which of the following tasks would a spreadsheet be best used for? Present information about a new television channel Manage the details of members at a gym Keep track of money raised at a charity event

Keep track of money raised at a charity event

The software can help guide us through the process of creating a chart. This is called a...? Help Wizard Magician

Wizard

What term describes changing the horizontal or vertical position of text? Font Alignment Format

Alignment

What is the difference between function and formula in MS-Excel?

Formula:- It’s a statement which is written by the user (user-created) to be calculated. A formula can contain values, cell references, defined names, and functions. Functions:- Functions are in-built codes provided in MS-Excel, such as IF, COUNT, SUM, AVERAGE and so on. And, if additional functions are required we can create through VBA. This will carry out an operation of some kind and provide an output value. Functions are used inside formulas.

How can you format a cell? What are the options?

We can format a cell by using the “Format Cells” option and there are 6 options:- 1) Number 2) Alignment 3) Font 4) Border 5) Fill 6) Protection

What are the symbols used in excel for calculation?

1) / ( divide) 2) + ( addition) 3) * ( multiplication) 4) - ( subtract )

Which of the following functions would be used to create a True or False answer within a cell? 1) IF 2) AND 3) NOT 4) OTHER 5) WHY

1) IF

Python programming

What is python? Python is a programming language

What is programming? Programming is when a person writes lines of code which converts into a usable program

What is software? Software is the programs on a computer that has been coded by a programmer

Computing

What is an algorithm?

A set of instructions a computer follows to complete a task.

What is an integer? An integer is a whole number

What is a string? A string is a collection of characters put together to create a word

What is a float? A float is a decimal number

What is boolean? Boolean is a state of either true or false. Example 3<4 is true or 5>10 is false. A statement is either true or false

What symbols are used to calculate integers? + = add - = subtract * = Multiply / = Divide ** = Indices // = Divide round up/down % = Modulus (divides & gives the remainder)

What is a variable used for? Variables are used to store values/data

What is syntax? Syntax is the rules of writing code

What is a syntax error? Syntax error is when the rules of coding is incorrect

What are comparative operators? Comparative operators compare data: For example: < less than > more than <= less than or equal to >= more than or equal to == equal to != not equal to

What is the purpose of an if statement? The purpose of an if statement is to allow users to access different sections of code, depending on the user input.

What is a branch? A branch is a pathway to a different section of code. Branches are used in if statements.

How do I create multiple branches? Using an “elif” statement allows you to create multiple branches to different sections of code. This will increase the number of outcomes your code can access.

What is a loop?

A loop is a program that repeats the same instructions

What is a list?

A list is similar to a variable. Variables store a single value of data, however, List store multiple values. catNames = [“Jaspar”, “Jingles”, ”Tom”, ”Ollie”, ”Milo”]

Design Technology

Question: Answer:

What are the two types of nutrients? Macronutrients Micronutrients

What are macronutrients? Macronutrients are the nutrients we need in larger quantities that provide us with energy

What are micronutrients? Micronutrients are mostly vitamins and minerals, these are equally important as macronutrients but consumed in very small amounts.

What is a nutrient? A nutrient is a chemical substance that comes from the food you eat. Food is eaten and digested in the body to allow the absorption of energy and nutrients.

Name the 4 macronutrients? Carbohydrates Protein

Fat Water

Name the two type of carbohydrates? Simple carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates

What are simple carbohydrates? Simple carbohydrates are sugars. They are found naturally in foods such as fruits, milk, and milk products.

What are complex carbohydrates? Complex carbohydrates are mostly dietary fibres and starch

Why do we need carbohydrates in our diet? For Energy

What are carbohydrates made from? Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Why do we need protein in our diet? Proteins are essential for growth and repair of the body as well as for keeping cells and muscles and healthy.

What are proteins made from? Amino acids

Name the two types of proteins. Complete proteins Incomplete proteins

What is complete protein? Complete proteins are from animal sources such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy

What is incomplete protein? Incomplete protein is from plant sources such as beans, pulses and cereals.

Why do we need fat in our diet? Fat helps to protect our vital organs and it also helps insulate the body.

Name the two types of fats. Saturated Unsaturated

What are saturated fats? Saturated fats are mainly found in animal's sources such as meat and dairy products.

What are unsaturated fats? Unsaturated fats are mainly found in plant-based sources such as avocados, nuts and oil.

Why is water important for our diet? We need water to maintain all bodily functions and to balance our body fluids. Drinking plenty of water (re-hydrates) is very important as it will improve concentration

and reduce headaches.

Eatwell Guide and Packaging

What is the Eatwell Guide? The Eatwell guide shows how eating different foods can make a healthy and balanced diet.

The group of the Eatwell Guide are? Fruit and Vegetables Starchy carbohydrates

Protein Dairy and alternatives

Oils and spreads

Which food group is the largest on the Eatwell Guide?

Starchy carbohydrates

List four starchy carbohydrates? Pasta Bread Rice Cereal

Name four plant protein food? Broccoli Asparagus Lentils Chickpeas

List four different cooking methods with water. Boiling Simmering Poaching Steaming

List three different cooking methods with fat. Deep fat frying Stir frying Roasting

List two different cooking methods with dry heat.

Baking and Grilling

Why do we have food packaging? Contain / Inform / Protect

What is primary packaging? Primary packaging is seen at the point of sale. It needs to contain and protect the food product, as well as display it and provide information. It is bright, colourful

and has lots of information about the product to help the customer

What is secondary packaging? Secondary packaging is the middle layer of packaging - for example a cardboard box with a number of identical products inside

What is a transit packaging? Transit packaging is the outer container that allows easier handling during transfer between factory, distribution centres and retailers. It has simple, easy to read

instructions about handling, contents and destination.

Drama

Question: Answer:

Who was the monarch when Shakespeare was born?

Queen Elizabeth 1.

What prophecy do the witches reveal to Macbeth?

One day he will become the King.

What was the name of Shakespeare’s Theatre? The Globe.

What is an aside? A remark made by a character that is heard by the audience but not by anyone else on stage.

What is a monologue?

When the actor speaks to the audience.

What does status mean in a play? The characters rank or social position.

What is a freeze-frame? A frozen image of a scene.

Who was not allowed to act on stage in Elizabethan times?

Women.

What is the main theme of Macbeth? Ambition.

Which century was Shakespeare born? The 16th century.

Who was king when Macbeth was written? King James 1.

What is Theatre in Education? Using performance to encourage learning.

Why is it crucial to know who your audience is when devising theatre?

Theatre in Education is always aimed at a specific audience.

What’s the significance of the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry, in the context of TIE?

The theatre still has a TIE programme.

What is multi-roling? When an actor plays more than one role.

What is role reversal? When two actors swap roles.

What is the average cast size of a TIE production?

Three.

English

Question: Answer:

When did the Gothic literary tradition begin? The Gothic literary tradition originates from the mid-eighteenth century.

What are some of the features of Gothic fiction?

Some of the features of Gothic fiction are: mystery and fear, atmosphere

and setting, supernatural and paranormal activity, omens or curses.

Who wrote Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus?

Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus.

When was Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus written?

Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in 1818.

What is the name of the scientist who creates the creature?

Victor Frankenstein is the name of the scientist who creates the creature.

Which features of Gothic fiction can be found in Frankenstein?

The novel is set in an isolated setting with an atmosphere of mystery and suspense.

Who wrote Northanger Abbey? Jane Austen wrote Northanger Abbey.

When did she write the novel? Austen wrote Northanger Abbey in 1803.

When was Northanger Abbey published? Northanger Abbey was published in 1817, after Austen’s death.

Northanger Abbey is a parody of Gothic fiction. What is a parody?

A parody intentionally copies the style of someone famous or copies a particular situation, making the features or qualities of the original more

noticeable in a way that is humorous.

Who wrote Wuthering Heights? Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights.

When was Wuthering Heights written? Wuthering Heights was written between 1846 and 1847.

Which character is troubled by nightmares in

the extract from Wuthering Heights?

Mr Lockwood is troubled by nightmares in the extract from Wuthering Heights.

Which features of Gothic fiction can be found in Wuthering Heights?

The novel Wuthering Heights includes references to the supernatural and the isolated setting suggests fear.

Who wrote Dracula? Bram Stoker wrote Dracula.

When was Dracula published? Dracula was published in 1897.

What is a novel formed of letters or diary entries called?

Dracula is an example of an epistolary novel: it is made up of journal entries, letters, newspaper clippings and ships’ logs.

Which features of Gothic fiction can be found in Dracula?

Dracula contains supernatural beings (vampires) which creates an atmosphere of uncertainty and fear. The novel also refers to an unfamiliar

setting (Transylvania).

Who wrote The Hound of the Baskervilles? Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote The Hound of the Baskervilles.

When was The Hound of the Baskervilles published?

The Hound of the Baskervilles was published in 1902.

Which famous character is the novel about? The Hound of the Baskervilles presents another investigation by Sherlock Holmes and his partner Dr Watson.

Which features of Gothic fiction can be found in The Hound of the Baskervilles?

The novel The Hound of the Baskervilles is set out on the moors in the West Country. The story concerns an attempted murder by a supernatural

creature.

Who wrote ‘A Christmas Carol’? 'A Christmas Carol’ was written by Charles Dickens.

When and where was Charles Dickens born? Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Hampshire into a middle class family.

What happened to Charles Dickens’ father

when Charles Dickens was young?

Dickens’ father was imprisoned for falling into debt. This sent the family

into poverty.

How did this event affect Charles Dickens? He was put to work at Warren’s Blacking Factory.

When was ‘A Christmas Carol’ first published? 'A Christmas Carol’ was first published on 19th December, 1843.

When did Charles Dickens start writing ‘A Christmas Carol’?

Charles Dickens started writing ‘A Christmas Carol’ in October 1843.

What happens in Stave One of ‘ A Christmas Carol’?

1. Introduced to Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve. He is a lonely miser obsessed with money. He won’t pay to heat the office properly – meaning Bob Cratchit is very cold. 2. We learn Jacob Marley, Scrooge’s business partner, died exactly 7 years earlier. 3. Scrooge is irritated that Christmas Day seems to be interrupting his business. 4. Scrooge is visited by his nephew Fred, who invites his uncle to Christmas dinner. Scrooge refuses. 5. Scrooge is visited by two charity workers, asking for donations. Scrooge refuses and exclaims he wants to be left alone. 6. Scrooge allows Bob to have Christmas Day off. 7. Scrooge, when he is home, is visited by the Ghost of Jacob Marley – warning him he will be visited by three more ghosts to help him change his ways.

What happens in Stave Two of ‘A Christmas 1. Scrooge is visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past who takes him to

English

Carol?’ witness his past.

2. Scrooge is taken first to his schoolboy years and he is reminded how his friends would go home from Christmas while he was left at school. 3. We see him with his sister, who one year took him home for the holidays. 4. Next we are shown Scrooge as a young apprentice, working for Fezziwig. Dickens describes the Christmas ball Fezziwig organised for his employees. 5. Finally, Scrooge is taken to see his ex-fiancée, Belle. We see the scene when they break up, as money has taken over Scrooge’s life. 6. Scrooge cannot bear to see any more and struggles with the spirit.

What happens in Stave Three of ‘A Christmas Carol’?

1. Scrooge is then visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present. 2. The spirit shows Scrooge how the Cratchit family celebrate Christmas. Scrooge asked if Tiny Tim will life. The spirit explains that, unless there are changes, Tiny Tim will die. The spirit reminds Scrooge of his earlier words: ‘If he is to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.’ 3. Scrooge is then taken to see how others celebrate Christmas: miners, lighthouse workers, sailors on a ship. 4. He is then taken to Fred’s house at Christmas, where they are playing games. 5. The spirit then begins to age, and two children are revealed under the spirit’s robes: Want and Ignorance. 6. The Ghost of Christmas Future then appears.

What happens in Stave Four of ‘A Christmas Carol’?

1. The Ghost of Christmas Future is described. 2. The spirit takes Scrooge to see a group of businessmen discussing someone who has died. 3. Scrooge is then taken to see Old Joe, where he is in the process of buying property of the dead man – which have been stolen. 4. Scrooge then returns to Bob Cratchit’s house, where it is revealed Tiny Tim has died. 5. Scrooge is then taken to the graveyard and is shown a gravestone and realises this is for him. 6. Scrooge falls to his knees and begs that he will change his ways.

What happens in Stave Five of ‘A Christmas Carol’?

1. Scrooge wakes up in his own bed. 2. Scrooge wonders how much time has passed and calls to a boy. He then sends the boy to the poulterer for the prize turkey to give to Bob Cratchit, 3. Scrooge meets one of the charity collectors from earlier and whispers to him that he will give a large donation. 4. Scrooge then goes to Fred’s house and is welcomed in. He enjoys the dinner and party. 5. On Boxing Day, Scrooge arrives early to work, and plays a trick on Bob. Scrooge then tells him he is going to raise his salary and promises to help Bob’s struggling family. 6. Scrooge is described to have completely changed and becomes a ‘second father’ to Tiny Tim – ‘who did not die.’

Which words could you use to describe Ebenezer Scrooge?

Miserly, mean, bitter, materialistic, unsympathetic, indifferent, cold, selfish, isolated, cynical, charitable, value driven, generous, happy, sociable,

transformed.

Which words could you use to describe

Marley’s Ghost?

Materialistic, self-centred, terrifying, haunting, exhausted, direct, reformed, regretful, hopeful, selfless, wise.

Which words could you use to describe Bob

Cratchit?

Uncomplaining, tolerant, courteous, deferential, patient, civil, eager, pleasurable, good-humoured, playful, caring, tender, cheerful, loving,

forgiving.

Which words could you use to describe Fred,

Scrooge’s nephew?

Warm-hearted, empathetic, cheerful, optimistic, even-tempered, insightful, determined, generous, forgiving, jovial, enthusiastic, caring.

Which words could you use to describe the Ghost of Christmas Past?

Contradictory, strong, gentle, quiet, forceful, questioning, mysterious.

Which words could you use to describe the Ghost of Christmas Present?

Compassionate, abundant, generous, cheerful, jolly, friendly, severe, sympathetic.

Which words could you use to describe the Ghost of Christmas Future (Yet to Come)?

Mysterious, silent, ominous, intimidating, frightening, resolute.

Which words could you use to describe Tiny Tim?

Frail, ill, good, religious.

Geography

Question: Answer:

Weather and Climate

What is Weather? Weather is the day to day condition of the atmosphere

What is Climate?

Climate is the average temperature taken over longer period of time. E.g. 30 years

What is the UK’s climate like? The UK’s climate is temperate which means it is not too hot nor too cold.

What is an environmental impact? Environmental impact is an impact on wildlife and landscape including water and air

What is an economic impact?

Economic impact is an impact which affects the economy and jobs (costs money) of a country

What is a social impact?

Social impact is an which affects people. E.g. homes, health and society)

What is a tropical climate? The tropical climate is hot and humid climate found between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

What is a polar climate? Polar climate is very cold climate found at North and South poles

What is used to measure temperature? A thermometer is used to measure temperature.

What is used to measure pressure?

A barometer is used to measure pressure.

What is used to measure wind speed?

An anemometer is used to measure wind speed.

What is used to measure humidity?

A hygrometer is used to measure wind humidity.

What is used to work out the direction of the wind?

A Windsock or wind vane is used to work out the direction of the wind.

What is the ‘MET OFFICE’ and what do they do? The ‘MET OFFICE’ is a short form used for the meteorological office, where they forecast the UK’s weather.

What is humidity measured in? Humidity is measured in percentage (%)

What is cloud cover measured in? Cloud cover is measured in Oktas.

Weather and weather events

Give any three effects of the Great Storm of 1987? The three effects were: 1. 19 people were killed 2. 15 million trees were blown down and 3. The total cost of damage was £ 1 billion.

What is Micro-climate? A microclimate is a climate over a small area, which might be very different to climate very nearby.

What is Isoline? Isolines are lines drawn on a map connecting data points of the same value. For example, places with equal temperature.

Why are cities warmer. Give any two reasons? Cities are usually warmer than the countryside as too many tall buildings can reduce the amount of wind in a city and Tarmac which is dark in colour absorbs and gives off heat.

What was the effect of the urban heat caused in Chicago in 1995?

There was death of 700 people due to the heat wave in Chicago in 1995.

What is convectional rainfall? Convectional rainfall occurs when the energy of the sun heats the earth's surface and causes water to evaporate changing to water vapour

What is Relief rain? Relief rain is formed when air is forced to cool when it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains.

What is Frontal rain? Frontal rainfall, two air mass of different temperature i.e., warm and cold air mass, meet to eventually cause the rainfall.

What is Depression? A depression is an area of low pressure which moves from west to east in the northern hemisphere.

What is Anticyclone? Anticyclone are the opposite of depressions , they are an area of high atmospheric pressure where the air is sinking.

What do you mean by greenhouse gases? The greenhouse effect is a warming of Earth's surface and the air above it. It is caused by gases in the air that trap energy from the Sun. These heat-trapping gases are called greenhouse gases.

Name any two greenhouse gases? The two greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide and methane.

History

Question: Answer:

Stuarts

Why did many Catholics not like King James I?

James I was a protestant and very mean to the Catholics

Why did a few Catholics want to kill the King?

They thought that a Catholic one would replace him

What did some plotters led by Robert Catesby try to do?

Tunnel under parliament. This method failed.

What did Thomas Percy do next? He rented a cellar under parliament and hid 36 barrels of gunpowder there. The plotters waited seven months for the opening of parliament and the

gunpowder lay undiscovered

How did the King find out? Tresham (one of the plotters) sent a letter to Monteagle (his friend in parliament) warning him not to go to the opening of parliament. Monteagle

sent this letter to the King

What did the King do when he found out? Sent his guards to the cellar where they found Guy Fawkes with the gunpowder ready to blow the King and Parliament sky high

What did Guy Fawkes do? He confessed to the crime under torture

What happened to Guy Fawkes? He was hung, drawn and tortured

Why do some people believe that Guy Fawkes was framed?

The letter was not written by Tresham Guy Fawkes confessed only when he was being tortured

The tunnel was never found Catholics would not be allowed to rent a cellar under parliament because the

king did not like them No one could buy that much gunpowder because its sale was controlled by

the government James I needed an excuse to persecute the Catholics

What was the English Civil War? A war between Charles I (and his army) and Parliament (and their army)

How did money cause the English Civil War?

Parliament would not give Charles I the money he wanted, for example for his war against Spain in 1625

How did religion cause the English Civil War?

Parliament was worried that Charles I wanted to make England catholic again. For example in 1637 Charles I tried to make the Scottish use a new Catholic

prayer book which they did not want to do.

How did power cause the English Civil War?

Charles I wanted to run the country without the interference of parliament. For example in 1628 Charles I sent parliament away for 11 years and did not call

on it again to help run the country. Charles I also tried to arrest MPs in parliament when they said that Charles must obey them.

What happened in the English Civil War? At first the Royalists did well. Then Charles I ran out of money.

Cromwell set up the New Model Army which was better than the King’s Royalist army

Charles I and Cromwell fought at the Battle of Naseby Many Royalist soldiers were killed and 4000 were captured

Charles I surrendered in 1646 and was put in prison Whilst in prison he started the Civil War again

Cromwell defeated the Royalists

Who won the English Civil War? Parliamentarians

What happened to Charles I? He was executed

Explain three reasons why Oliver Cromwell could be considered a good man

He stopped a rebellion in Ireland He let people worship who they wanted in their houses

He tried four times to recall parliament but the MPs failed to get along

Explain three reasons why Cromwell could be considered a bad man

He took heavy taxes He stopped Christmas, dances and horse races

He was very cruel in Ireland, when he captured the castle of Drogheda, he lined up the enemy soldiers and killed every tenth man

What was the Restoration? After Cromwell’s death the monarchy was restored. Charles II became King but Parliament had more power than ever before

What happened in the Great Fire of London?

Hot coals fell out of a baker’s oven on Pudding Lane These coals set some straw alight which was lying on the ground

The fire spread from house to house because they were made from wood and very close to each other

The Mayor of London did very little at first because fires were very common in London

The fire could not be put out because the pump was not working

How was the fire put out? Houses were pulled down to make a break in the fire The wind changed which blew the fire to the stone part of the city which

slowed the fire down

History

How long did it take to put the Great Fire

of London out? Four days

Why was there an outbreak of the Bubonic plague in 1665?

London was an unhealthy place to live Most houses were dirty and cramped

There was no sewage system and so waste was thrown in the streets Water came straight from the river and streams

How did London deal with the plague? Infected houses to have watchmen to ensure no one enters or leaves Disorderly pubs and coffee shops to be closed

Graves to be at least six foot deep Rubbish to be collected from houses daily

No animals to be kept within the city

Why were these orders hard to enforce? People ignored them Beggars caught the plague but stayed on the streets begging

Parliament refused to turn the orders into laws The King fled London

Nine men were left in charge of dealing with the plague, six fled

Industrial Revolution

How did banks cause the Industrial Revolution?

They leant money to businesses to help them buy machinery and raw materials

How did raw materials cause the Industrial Revolution?

Coal was used to power steam engines Cotton was used to make clothing

How did transport cause the Industrial Revolution

Better roads, canals and railways carried raw materials to the factories

How did entrepreneurs cause the Industrial Revolution?

They turned ideas into successful businesses to make money

How did the British Empire cause the Industrial Revolution?

India provided cotton for clothes and then they bought back the finished goods

How did farming improvements cause the Industrial Revolution?

Farmers grew more crops to feed the increasing population in the towns and cities

How did the higher population cause the Industrial Revolution?

They provided the workforce for the new factories

What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Most people lived in the towns instead of the countryside It took 9 hours instead of 12 days to travel from London to Scotland

Great iron ships instead of small wooden ships sold goods to the Empire People voted for who run the country instead of a few rich people ruling

Cars and trains were used instead of just rivers to transport goods

Slavery

What were the tree stages of the Triangular Slave Trade?

Manufactured goods were taken from Britain to Africa to buy slaves Slaves were taken to America to be sold to produce sugar, cotton and tobacco

Sugar, cotton and tobacco were taken to Britain to be sold

How were slaves captured? Men, women and children would sometimes be captured at night while they were sleeping.

Sometimes they would be taken while they were hunting or fishing. Once captured, slaves were marched to the coast where they would be held

in ‘factories’ until they were sold Europeans would come to these ‘factories’ to buy the slaves captured by

Africans. They would be examined by a doctor.

Once a slave was thought to be fit enough, they would be bought and branded with a hot iron on the chest or back with the initials of the ship owner.

They would then be stripped of their clothing and their hair and forced on board ships.

What was the Middle Passage? The voyage the slaves took across the Atlantic from Africa to America

What was the Middle Passage like? Slaves were squashed in They had to lye down They were chained in

They were sick from the smell of human waste and the sea movement 25% died

What happened at a slave auction? Treated like a possession and cold Before the auction they had to wash and were given new clothes. They were

fed. Then the buyers felt their arms and bodies and asked what they could do. They had to open their mouths and show their teeth

They would talk about what a healthy body they had. They would talk about what kind of work they would be fit for

Mothers often killed their babies with poison rather than letting them be sold Families were split up at the auction. When husbands and wives were kept

History

together, they were not allowed near each other.

Slaves had to walk from the auction to their new farms. Sometimes this showed that they were not as healthy as they first thought.

What was a plantation? Plantations / farms were located in the Americas. The slaves would produce sugar, tobacco and cotton

What punishments were used on plantations?

Rebellions – rebels nailed to ground, fire applied starting at the feet and moving upwards

Running away – neck ring or iron muzzle Continued running away – removal of hand or foot

Flogging – one lash for each year of slave’s life

Who was William Wilberforce? White British campaigner who campaigned for the end of the Slave Trade

Who was Oladuah Equiano? Slave who managed to buy his freedom who campaigned for the end of the Slave Trade

What did Wilberforce do? Published leaflets Organised a petition

Slowed people around a slave ship so they could see how bad it was

What did Equiano do? Wrote a book about the story of his life as a slave which the British people read

When was the Slave Trade abolished? 1807

Maths

Question: Answer:

How a number is defined? A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label.

What does estimate means in Maths? To estimate means to find something close to the correct answer. In other words, you are approximating. For example, the American statistic for the ideal number of children is 2.5.

What does rounding means in Maths? Rounding means making a number simpler but keeping its value close to what it was. The result is less accurate, but easier to use. Example: 73 rounded to the nearest ten is 70, because 73 is closer to 70 than to 80.

What is the relationship between Rounding and Estimating in Maths?

Rounding and estimating are math strategies used for approximating a number. To estimate means to make a rough guess or calculation. To round means to simplify a known number by scaling it slightly up or down. Rounding is a type of estimating. Round 18 to the nearest ten. The answer is 20 Estimate how many students there are at Whitefriars school. Around 800

How can we define powers of 10 in Maths? In mathematics, a power of 10 is any of the integer powers of the number ten; in other words, ten multiplied by itself a certain number of times (when the power is a positive integer). Examples of power of 10 are 100, 10000...

How are powers of 10 multiplied and divided?

How can we define a negative number? A negative is a number less than 0

What is the number line? A number line can be used to add and subtract.

What is an integer number? An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero.

Examples of integers are: -5, 1, 5, 8, 97, and 3,043.

What are the rules of negative numbers? Addition and Subtraction

Maths

What are the rules of Negative numbers? Multiplication and Division

What is the area of a rectangle?

What is the area of a parallelogram?

What is the area of a trapezium?

What is the area of a triangle?

How do you draw a net picture of a rectangle?

How do you draw a picture of a triangle prism?

What is the formula to calculate the volume of a rectangular prism?

What is the formula to calculate the volume of a triangular prism?

Maths

What is the formula to calculate the volume of a cylinder?

What is circumference of a circle and how do you calculate the circumference of a circle?

The circumference of a circle is the distance around the whole circle.

What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle?

What is Probability in Maths? Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with calculating the likelihood of a given event's occurrence, which is expressed as a number between 1 and 0

What is the definition of Statistics in Maths? Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics concerned with collecting, organizing, and interpreting data. ... Statistics is also the mathematical study of the likelihood and probability of events occurring based on known quantitative data or a collection of data.

What are Pie Chart is Maths used for? A Pie Chart (or Pie Graph) is a special chart that uses "pie slices" to show relative sizes of data. The chart is divided into sectors, where each sector shows the relative size of each value.

What is Modal Class in Maths?

What is the modal class interval if the frequency numbers are 2,8,9,7,4? Answer: The modal group is the one which has the highest frequency associated with it. So since 9 is the highest number, then it will be the group matching the 9.

What is Median in Maths? The median is the middle number is an ordered set of data. In a

frequency table, the observations are already arranged in an ascending order. We can obtain the median by looking for the value in the middle position.

What is Range in Maths? Range is the difference between the lowest (minimum) and highest

Maths

(maximum) values. In this data set the range would be the highest value subtract the lowest value. The highest (maximum value) is 10, the lowest (minimum value) is 1

What is Mean in Maths? Add up all the numbers, then divide by how many numbers there are.

What is a Scatter Plot used for? Scatter plots are similar to line graphs in that they use horizontal and vertical axes to plot data points. However, they have a very specific purpose. Scatter plots show how much one variable is affected by another. The relationship between two variables is called their correlation .

What can make a graph misleading? The “classic” types of misleading graphs include cases where:

The Vertical scale is too big or too small, or skips numbers, or doesn't start at zero. The graph isn't labeled properly. Data is left out.

How do we find out Theoretical probabilities in Maths?

Theoretical probability is a method to express the likelihood that something will occur. It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible outcomes

What is a Venn Diagram? A Venn diagram is an illustration of the relationships between and

among sets, groups of objects that share something in common. Usually, Venn diagrams are used to depict set intersections (denoted by an upside-down letter U). ... The intersection relation is defined as the equivalent of the logic AND

How are they used at Probability In each Venn diagram a set is represented by a closed curve. The

region inside the curve represents the elements that belong to the set, while the region outside the curve represents the elements that are excluded from the set. Venn diagrams are helpful for thinking about probability since we deal with different sets

Maths

How is Algebra defined in Maths? Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals in representing

numbers through variables. Algebra also deals with symbols, relations, functions, and equations 3x2 − 2xy + c is an algebraic expression.

How are substitutions made to solve algebraic expressions?

In Algebra "Substitution" means putting numbers where the letters are. When x=4 Find out the value of y Y=4x Y=4x4 Y=16

How do like terms help to simplify algebraic expressions?

Collecting like terms means to simplify terms in expressions in which the variables are the same. In the expression

, the terms and are like

terms, as are and .

How are brackets expanded in Algebra? To expand a bracket means to multiply each term in the bracket by the expression outside the bracket. For example, in the expression , multiply both and 7 by 3, so: ... Expanding brackets involves using the skills of simplifying algebra.

How are expanded equations factorised? Factoring (called "Factorising" in the UK) is the process of finding the

factors: Factoring: Finding what to multiply together to get an expression. It is like "splitting" an expression into a multiplication of simpler expressions

What is the definition of Equations? A statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are

equal (indicated by the sign =) An equation says that two things are equal. It will have an equals sign "=" like this:

x − 2 = 4

That equations says: what is on the left (x − 2) is equal to what is on the right (4) So an equation is like a statement "this equals that"

How are algebraic equations solved

Music

Recycled Rhythms

Question: Answer:

What does Ostinato mean? A repeated rhythmic pattern (a loop)

What does syncopation mean? Music or notes which are played off the beat

What does Polyrhythm mean? Different rhythms being played at the same time

What does Melody mean? A rhythmic patter with changing pitches

What is call and response mean? It is a pattern played by an individual then repeated or adapted by a group

What does texture mean? How thick of thin the music sounds

What does tempo mean? How Fast or slow the music is

What does Pitch mean? How high or low notes are or sound

What does duration mean? How long or short a note is played for

What do dynamics show? They show or tell you how loud or soft to play the music

What does timbre mean? What instruments are playing in a piece of music

What does structure mean? How a piece of music is laid out for example a song might go verse, chorus, verse chorus.

What does polyphonic mean? Multiple lines of music being played at the same time

What does Monophonic mean? A single line of music is being played

What does Homophonic mean? A melody with an accompaniment

What is a time signature? Two numbers at the start of a piece which tell you how many

beats are in a bar and what you are counting in.

Example: 4 = 4 beat In a bar

4 = crotchets

Film Music

What are the five reasons we use music in Films? Creates an appropriate mood.

Creates a sense of time.

Creates a sense of Place.

Depicts the characters.

Creates and releases tension.

What is a musical convention? It is the way in which something is usually done.

What is spotting? When the director and composer discuss each scene

including genres, styles of music, atmosphere and emotion.

What musical conventions are used in Films? Major chords for positive scenes.

Minor chords for negative scenes.

Screeching strings for horror.

Soaring strings for romance.

Fast tempo for action.

From slow to fast tempo for suspense.

Instruments used for a certain historic period.

What is a soundtrack? Pre-existing music that has been chosen to accompany a

scene.

What is an underscore? Music that has been composed specifically for the film.

What is a light motif? Music which represents a character.

Elements of Music

Draw a treble clef

What is a Treble clef? Is a symbol to show the higher pitched notes on the stave

What is another name for the Treble clef? The G clef

What are the Five lines which we write music called? The stave

What are the two sentences we use to help us remember the notes for the treble clef?

Every Green Bus Drives Fast Face in the Space

What is the name of a 1 beat note? Crotchet

What is the name of a 1/2 beat note? Quaver

What is the name of a 1/4 beat note? Semiquaver

What is the name of a 2 beat note? Minim

What is the name of a 4 beat note? Semibreve

What is the duration of a crotchet? 1 beat

What is the duration of a Quaver? ½ beat

What is the duration of a Semiquaver? ¼ beat

What is the duration of a Minim? 2 beats

What is the duration of a Semibreve? 4 beats

What is the value of a crotchet? ¼ note

Music

What is the value of a quaver? 1/8 note

What is the value of a semiquaver? 1/16 note

What is the value of a minim? Half note

What is the value of a semibreve? Whole note

What are the 8 elements of music? Structure, Dynamics, Timber, Pitch, Duration, Tempo, Texture and Silence.

What is Structure The overall plan of a piece of music.

What are Dynamics How Loud or quiet the music is

What is Timber? The different types of instruments or sounds used in a piece.

What is Pitch? How high or low the sounds of notes or music are.

What is Duration? How long or short a note is played for.

What is Tempo? How fast or slow a piece is.

What is Texture? Who thick or thin the piece is (lots of sounds or few sounds).

What does Lento mean? Very slow

What does Andante mean? At a Walking speed

What does Presto mean? Very fast

What does Forte Mean? Loud or Strong

What does Piano mean? Quiet or soft

What does Crescendo mean? Gradually getting louder

What does Diminuendo mean? Gradually getting quieter

Draw a keyboard and label the note on the keyboard?

What is Binary Form? AB or AABB where the music is made up of two sections.

What is ternary form? ABA where music is split into two section but A sandwiches section B.

What does legato mean? Play smoothly

What does staccato mean? Short and detached.

What does a cappella mean? Singing without music

What is meant by melody and accompaniment? A melody played by one instrument and accompaniment music which supports the melody.

What is a ground Bass? A short repeated melodic line (ostinato) using low pitched notes

Polyphonic texture? More than one tune being played.

What is a broken chord? Notes of a chord played one after the other.

What is a Bass Clef? Is a symbol to show the lower pitched notes on the stave

What is another name for the Bass clef? The F Clef

Draw a bass clef

What is another name for the Treble clef? The G clef

What is it called when you have a Treble and Bass clef combined onto one stave?

The Grand Stave

What do we call the note C that connects the Treble and Bass clefs on the Grand Staff

Middle C

What are the two sentences we use to help us remember the notes for the Bass clef?

Green Bogies Deserve Flicking Away All Cows Eat Grass

What is a time signature? Two numbers which tell you how many beats you are counting in and what you are counting in

What is a drone? A long sustained note

Physical Education

Question: Answer:

Rugby

Which direction must the ball travel when passing? The ball must travel backwards when passing.

How can a player be offside in a rugby game? Yes. The only people who can collect the ball must be people who

start behind the kicker

A player can be offside if the player is in front of the ball when it is

being kicked.

What is a “high tackle” and what are consequences? A tackle that is made where contact occurs above a person’s waist.

If there is a high tackle in the game the referee will stop the game

and award a penalty to the opposing team.

What is known as the “breakdown”? The breakdown is the phase of play that happens when a tackle has

been made and the tackler and the ball carrier are lying on the floor.

Who is the “ball carrier” and what must the ball

carrier do when they are tackled.

The ball carrier is the person who is holding the ball at any time, the

ball carrier must present the ball to the team and release the ball.

What is a “ruck”? The ruck is where opposing players bind on to each other and try

and clear each other away from the break down

1) What is a “maul”?

2) what is a “rolling maul”?

1) a maul is when a tackle has occurred, but the ball carrier doesn’t

go to ground and then more players bind on the push each other

forwards or backwards towards the try line.

2) a rolling maul is when the players have bound on to each other

and start moving either forwards or backwards

What happens if a player knocks the ball forward? This is called a “knock on” and a penalty is awarded to the other

team who restart the game in a scrum.

What is a scrum and how many players are involved

in scrum?

A scrum is when eight players in three rows bind on to each other in

an attempt to restart the game. The team who puts the ball in is the

team who the infringement went for.

What happens when a team performs a forward

pass or knock on

The referee blows the whistle and allows for a scrum when both

these fouls are performed.

How many points are awarded in rugby?

Try:

Conversion:

Penalty/Drop goal:

5 for a try

2 for a conversion

2 for a penalty or drop goal

How are the teams divided up? The teams are divided into two main groups: the forwards and the

backs

Netball

What is the distance you must be before raising your

hands to defend a player with the ball?

1 metre/ 3 feet

How many thirds can the centre position move

between in a full court Netball game.

Centres are allowed to play in all three areas.

What area is the WA (wing attack) allowed to play in? The wing attack is allowed to move in the attacking third and the

centre third however not the defensive third.

How long can you hold on to the ball for before

making a pass?

You can hold on to the ball for a maximum of 3 seconds

Which positions are allowed inside the netball goal

circle?

GA, GS, GD, GK

If a player contacts another player what happens?

The player who caused the contact must stand next to the player

of the opposite team who is taking the free pass. They cannot

move or talk until that pass is made.

What are the 5 different types of passes you can use

in netball?

Chest, shoulder, bounce, overhead and lob.

Religious Studies

Question: Answer:

Buddha’s early life and teachings

What is the religious symbol for Buddhism? A wheel.

What are the ‘four sights’? An old man, a sick man, a dead man, a holy man.

Why did Prince Siddhartha leave the palace (forever)? To find how to overcome suffering and find greater meaning in life.

What does Dhamma mean? Buddha’s teachings.

What are the three marks of existence and what do they mean?

Anicca - Everything (situation) is impermeant and changing. Anatta - the soul is impermanent, and people are constantly changing. Dukkha - impermanence leads to suffering and suffering exists.

What are the four Nobel truths and what do they mean?

1st Nobel truth - Dukkha - suffering exists. 2nd Nobel truth - suffering is caused by greed and selfishness. 3rd Nobel truth - Greed and selfishness can be stopped. 4th Nobel truth - following the eightfold path is the way to stop suffering.

Buddhist practises

What are three ways to achieve enlightenment? Meditation, following the middle way and following the eightfold path.

What is the ‘middle way’? Living a life that is not too extreme or not too deprived of pleasures.

What is the eightfold path? Eight actions Buddhists should do to live in the ‘middle way’ and reach enlightenment.

What are the eight actions of the eightfold path? Right action, right speech, right livelihood, right effort, right concentration, right mindfulness, right view and right intentions.

What are different ways a Buddhist can worship? Go to the temple, meditate, light incense sticks, light candles, recite the mantra and offer fruit.

Religion in the Media

What is the media? The main means of mass communication.

What are the three main types of media? Print media (magazines/newspapers), broadcast media (TV/Films) and the internet (world wide web).

What is a stereotype? A stereotype is a mistaken idea or beliefs about a group of people based upon how they look/behave. Stereotyping people is a type of prejudice.

What is prejudice? Unfairly judging someone before the facts are known.

What is Islamophobia? Unreasonable dislike or fear of, and prejudice against, Muslims or Islam.

What is a fundamentalist? A person who believes in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture in a religion.

What are two causes of islamophobia? 1. Media associating terrorism with Islam. 2. Miseducated ideas about Islamic beliefs.

Who were the KKK and what were their beliefs? KKK - Ku Klux Klan A hate group based in the US who believe in white supremacy and upholding ‘Christian morality’.

What is propaganda? Biased information used to promote a political cause or point of view.

Hinduism

What does Brahman mean? The idea of One true God/ One ultimate reality.

What is the Trimurti? The 3 forms of God; Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.

What does reincarnation mean? The process of the soul being born into a new body.

What is Moksha and why is it important? Moksha is liberation (freedom) from rebirth. It is important because it reunites one with Brahman/God.

What is the name of a Hindu temple? Mandir.

What are four key aspects/objects in a temple? Shrine area, arti tray, offerings, a bell and murti (image/statue).

What are two ways Hindu’s worship and explain how. Puja - ceremonial worship of a deity visa a murti by reciting prayers or mantras. Darshan - act of personal worship on one particular deity/murti. Act involves bowing of heads and holding hands together.

What are the four main groups of Hinduism? Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism and Smartism.

What are two significant Hindu places? Vrindavan and Varasani.

What are the two main festivals in Hinduism and why are they important?

Diwali - festival of lights to celebrate the return of Rama and Sita. Holi - festival of colour celebrate the beginning of Spring.

Science

Question: Answer:

Periodic Table

What are the typical properties of metals? • Shiny

• Solid at room temperature

• Hard and strong

• Good thermal conductors

• Good electrical conductors

What are the typical properties of non-metals? • Dull

• Can be gas, liquid or solid

• Poor thermal conductors

• Good thermal insulators

• Poor electrical conductors

What is a metalloid? An element that is a non-metal but has some metallic properties

What is the definition of malleable? Can be bent or moulded without breaking

What is the definition of ductile? Can be stretched into thin wires

What is each column in the periodic table called? Group

What is each row in the periodic table called? Period

What happens as you go down a group? The reactivity of the elements increase as you go down the group. They react in a similar way.

How are elements arranged in a period? The elements have similar properties

What are group 7 elements called? Halogens

What are the physical properties of halogens? • Non-metals and do not conduct electricity

• Brittle and crumbly

• Poisonous and smelly

Name the halogens Fluorine, Bromine, Chlorine and Iodine

Electricity

What is this circuit symbol?

Cell

What is this circuit symbol?

Light

What is this circuit symbol?

Ammeter

What is this circuit symbol?

Voltmeter

What is this circuit symbol?

Battery

What is a battery? More than one cell connected together

What is current? A flow of electrons in a circuit

What two things are needed for an electric current to flow?

1. something to transfer energy to the electrons, such as a battery or power pack

2. a complete path for the electrons to flow through (an electric circuit)

What is the function (job) of an ammeter? An ammeter measures current in a circuit

What is potential difference? Potential difference is a measure of the difference in energy between two parts of a circuit. The bigger the difference in energy,

the bigger the potential difference.

What is the difference between a series and parallel circuit?

In a series circuit electrons flow around in one loop in a circuit. In a parallel circuit, electrons flow through different routes in a circuit.

If mmore than one ammeter was placed into a series and parallel circuit how would the ammeter readings

be different in both circuits?

In a series circuit, all the ammeter readings will be the same.

In a parallel circuit, the ammeter readings will be shared equally between the ammeters.

What is resistance? Any wires and the other components in a circuit that reduces the flow of charge through them.

What is resistance measured in? Ohms (Ω)

What needs to be done so this circuit lights up?

Close the switch

Spanish

Question – Translate to English: Answer:

Mis vacaciones – My holidays

¿Adónde fuiste de vaccaciones? Where did you go on holiday?

el año pasado last year

el verano pasado last summer

Fui a... I went to...

Escocia Scotland

España Spain

Francia France

Gales Wales

Grecia Greece

Inglaterra England

Irlanda Ireland

Italia Italy

¿Con quién fuiste? Who did you go with?

Fui con... I went with...

mis amigos/as my friends

mi clase my class

mi familia my family

mis padres my parents

¿Cómo fuiste? Ho w did you get there?

Fui/Fuimos en... I/We went by...

autocar coach

avión plane

barco ferry

coche car

tren train

No fui de vacaciones. I didn’t go on holiday.

Exclamiaciones - Exclamations

¡Qué bien! How great!

¡Qué bonito! How nice!

¡Qué divertido! How fun/How funny!

¡Qué guay! How cool!

¡Qué rico! How tasty!

¡Qué suerte! What luck/How lucky!

¡Qué aburrido! How boring!

¡Qué horror! How dreadful!

¡Qué lástima! What a shame!

¡Qué mal! How bad!

¡Qué rollo! How annoying!

¿Qué hiciste? - What did you do?

Bailé. I danced.

Compré una camiseta. I bought a T-shirt.

Descansé en la playa. I relaxed on the beach.

Mandé SMS. I sent texts.

Nadé en el mar. I swam in the sea.

Saqué fotos. I took photos.

Tomé el sol. I sunbathed.

Visité monumentos. I visited monuments.

No nadé en el mar. I didn’t swim in the sea.

El último día de tus vacaciones, ¿qué hiciste? What did you do on the last day of your holiday?

Bebí una limonada. I drank a lemonade.

Comí paella. I ate paella.

Conocí a un chico/a guapo/a. I met a cute boy/girl.

Escribí SMS. I wrote texts.

Salí con mi hermano/a I went out with my brother/sister.

Vi un castillo interesante. I saw an interesting castle.

¿Cuándo? - When?

luego then

más tarde later

después afterwards

el primer día on the first day

Spanish

el último día on the last day

otro día another day

por la mañana in the morning

por la tarde in the afternoon

¿Cómo te fue? - How was it?

Fue divertido. It was fun/funny.

Fue estupendo. It was brilliant.

Fue fenomenal. It was fantastic.

Fue flipante. It was awesome.

Fue genial. It was great.

Fue guay. It was cool.

Fue regular. It was OK.

Fue un desastre. It was a disaster.

Fue horrible. It was horrible.

Fue horrorose. It was terrible.

Fue raro. It was weird.

Me gustó. I liked (it).

Me encantó. I loved (it).

¿Por qué? Why?

porque because

Hizo buen tiempo. The weather was good.

Comí algo malo y vomité. I ate something bad and vomited.

Llovió. It rained.

Perdí mi pasaporte/ mi móvil. I lost my passport/ my mobile

The preterite of IR (to go) and SER (to be)

IR

fui I went

fuiste You went

fue He/she/it went

fuimos We went

fuisteis You (plural) went

fueron They went

SER

fui I was

fuiste You were

fue He/she/it was

fuimos We were

fuisteis You (plural) were

fueron They were

Present Tense Endings for -ar Verbs

Hablar (To speak)

hablo I speak

hablas You (informal) speak

habla You (formal) speak

habla He/she/it speaks

hablamos We speak

habláis You (informal) speak

hablan You (formal) speak

hablan They speak

Present Tense Endings for -er Verbs

Comer (To eat)

como I eat

comes You (informal) eat

come you (formal) eat

come He/she/it eats

comemos We eat

coméis You (informal) eat

comen You (formal) eat

comen They eat

Spanish

Present Tense Endings for -ir Verbs

Vivir (To live)

vivo I live

vives You (informal) live

vive You (formal) live

vive He/she/it lives

vivimos We live

vivís You (informal) live

viven You(informal) live

viven They live

Mi movil – My mobile

¿Qué haces con tu móvil? What do you do with your mobile?

Chateo con mis amigos I chat with my Friends

Comparto mis videos favoritos I share my favourite videos

Descargo melodías o aplicaciones I download songs or apps

Hablo por Skype I talk on Skype

Juego I play

Leo mis SMS I read my texts

Mando SMS I send texts

Saco fotos I take photos

Veo videos o películas I watch videos or films

Todos los días Everyday

Dos o tres veces a la semana Two or three times a week

A veces Sometimes

De vez en cuando From time to time

nunca never

¿Qué tipo de música te gusta?- What music do you like?

El rap Rap

El R ‘n’ B R n B

El rock Rock

La música clásica Classical music

La música electrónica Electronic music

La música pop Pop music

¿Qué tipo de música escuchas? What type of music do you listen to?

Escucho rap I listen to rap

Escucho la música de….. I listen to the music of…..

Escucho de todo I listen to everything

Opiniones - opinions

Me gusta (mucho) I like it (alot)

Me encanta I love

No me gusta (nada) I don’t like (at all)

La letra The lyrics

La melodía The tune

El ritmo The rythm

Porque es guay/triste/horrible Because it is cool/sad/horrible

¿te gusta la música de? Do you like the music of?

Me gusta la música de… I like the music of….

Mi canción favorita My favourite song

Mi cantante favorito/a My favourite Singer

Mi grupo favorito My favourite group

En mi opinión In my opinion

Me gustan las comedias – I like comedies

Un programa de música A music show

Un programa de deportes A sports show

Un concurso A games show

Un documental A documentary

Un reality a reality show

Una comedia A comedy

Una serie policiaca A pólice series

Una telenovela A soap opera

El telediario The news

Divertido/a Fun

Spanish

Informativo/a Informative

Interesante Interesting

Aburrido/a Boring

emocionante exciting

¿Qué hiciste ayer? What did you do yesterday?

Bailé en mi cuarto I danced in my room

Fui al cine I went to the cinema

Hablé por Skype I talked on Skype

Hice gimnasia I did gym

Jugué en línea con mis amigos/as I played online with my friends

Jugué tres horas I played for three hours

Monté en bici I rode my bike

Vi una película I watched a film

Salí con mis amigos I went out with my Friends

No hice los deberes I didn’t do my homework

Ayer Yesterday

Luego Later

Por la mañana In the morning

Por la tarde In the afternoon

Un poco más tarde A Little later

Preterite Tense of Hacer

Hacer (To do)

Hizo I did

Hiciste You (singular) did

Hice He/she did

Hicimos We did

Hicisteis You (plural) did

Hicieron They did

Comparaciones comparisons

Mas…..que More….than

Menos….que Less….than

High frequency words

Así que So that

Mi/mis My

Su/sus His/her

Normalmente Normally

No No/not

Nunca Never

O Or

Porque because

También Also

Y and