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Knowledge & Networks. John Goubeaux Ariane Gravel Darren Hardy. What is knowledge?. Information relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where) Knowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Knowledge & Networks
John GoubeauxAriane GravelDarren Hardy
26 April 2006 Hardy 2
(Fleming, 1996)
What is knowledge?
• Information relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where)
• Knowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how)
• Wisdom embodies principle, insight, moral, or archetype (why)
(Bellinger, 2004)
26 April 2006 Hardy 3
Epistemic communities
• Produces small-t local truth, not big-T universal Truth. (Miller & Fox,
2001) • Epistemology (Oxford)
The theory of knowledge, esp. with regard to its methods, validity, and scope.
The investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
• What do we know? How do we know it?• Shared concepts, language, symbols
26 April 2006 Hardy 4
The Information Age
• Epistemic communities What are our social institutions for knowledge? (e.g., science, libraries)
How does ICT change them?
• Key questions Can networks improve these institutions?
How do online communities support epistemic communities?
26 April 2006 Hardy 5
Roles
• Information seeker Search, Browse
• Information provider Authorship, Aggregation
• Knowledge managers
KMIKSL
26 April 2006 Hardy 6
Information retrieval
P
R
(Frakes & Baeza-Yates, 1992)
•Precision
•Recall
P NrelevantNretrieved
R Nrelevant _ retrivedNrelevant _ corpus
26 April 2006 Hardy 7
Information seeking
• Lancaster (1979) Information need -> stated request ->selection of database -> search strategy ->search in database -> screening of output
• Pharo & Järvelin (2006) “Irrational” searchers vs. IR-Rational researchers Disjointed incrementalism Searchers learn during a search process Searchers have subjective & dynamic information needs over time
26 April 2006 Hardy 8
Knowledge management
• Categorization Controlled vocabulary, taxonomy
• Search Full text or metadata
• Collaboration Flow in social networks
26 April 2006 Hardy 9
Categorization
• Library of Congress Subject Headings To assign information to a subject
Get a degree, become a librarian To find information on a subject
Talk to a librarian Go to the Card Catalog Wander the stacks
26 April 2006 Hardy 10
LCSH Example
BT (Broader Topic)NT (Narrower Topic)
RT (Related Topic)SA (See Also)UF (Used for)RF (Refer from)
Substance abuse (May Subd Geog) [HV4997-HV5840 (Social pathology)] [RC563-RC568 (Psychiatry)] UF Abuse of substances Addiction, Substance Addictive behavior Chemical dependence Chemical dependency Substance addiction BT Crimes without victims Psychology, Pathological SA subdivision Substance use under classes of persons and ethnic groups NT Aerosol sniffing Alcoholism Betel chewing Caffeine habit Church and substance abuse Drug abuse Dual diagnosis Solvent abuse Tobacco habit
Psychology, Pathological -- Substance abuse -- Alcoholism
26 April 2006 Hardy 11
The Semantic Web (Berners-Lee et al., 2001)
• Today: hypertext links related content• Tomorrow: links content by meaning• The hype: “The Semantic Web can assist the evolution of human knowledge as a whole”
Structured content (XML) Meaning (RDF) Ontology (OWL) - automated reasoning
A graph; nodes = concepts, links = semantics Or, a taxonomy plus set of inference rules
26 April 2006 Hardy 12
Seriously, onto-whatnow?
• FOAF• SIOC
(Harth et al., 2004)
• SWOOP (Hendler et al., 2005)
26 April 2006 Hardy 13
Social tagging
• 100% pure simplicity• Author
Whatever “tags” she thinks appropriate
No controlled vocabulary, no suggestions
• Social network dynamics does the rest
26 April 2006 Hardy 14
Social tagging examples
• Information seeking By popularity (Tag clouds) By example (Read an article, see tag)
By surfing (Edited what’s new page)• Meets “good enough” standards?• Application: Social bookmarking
Technorati 36.6 million sites, 2.3 billion links
del.icio.us
26 April 2006 Hardy 15
Tag cloud
Adland
26 April 2006 Hardy 16