Knowledge and Wisdom: the role of research libraries in supporting the European research agenda

Dr Paul Ayris

Director of UCL Library Services and UCL Copyright Officer; President of LIBER (Association of European Research Libraries)

e-mail: p.ayris@ucl.ac.uk; Twitter: ucylpayIGELU meeting 2012, Zurich

Contents

1. EU Digital Agenda European Research Infrastructures - Europeana Libraries

2. Discovery and retrieval

3. Open Access developments PEER project Finch Report Gold Open Access monographs

4. Data-driven science ODE project

5. Conclusions

2

Contents

1. EU Digital Agenda

2. Discovery and retrieval New model for UK cataloguing?

3. Open Access developments

4. Data-driven science

5. Conclusions

3

1. Europe’s Digital Agenda

Charting a course to maximise the social and economic potential of ICT

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See http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/digital-agenda/index_en.htm

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Libraries: Great Library at Alexandria

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Said to contain 70% of all human knowledge

See http://www.crystalinks.com/libraryofalexandria.html

Digital Agenda: Digital Libraries Initiative

The EU's digital libraries initiative sets out to make all Europe’s cultural resources and scientific records – books, journals, films, maps, photographs, music, etc. – accessible to all, and preserve them See

http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/digital_libraries/index_en.htm

The challenge for the digital age is to do even better than that – and make the result last longer

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Priorities for Libraries

Cultural heritage – creating electronic versions of the materials in Europe's libraries, archives and museums, making them available online, for work, study or leisure, and preserving them for future generations

Scientific information – making research findings more widely available online and keeping them available over time

Developing Europeana – a single access point for consulting digital copies of the materials held by libraries, museums, galleries and archives

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Research Infrastructures

Original aims of LIBER’s Europeana Libraries project Bring to Europeana the digital collections of some of Europe’s

leading research libraries from 11 countries. The content is of the highest quality and is also significant in terms of scale – over 5,000,000 items

Be the first project to offer digital collections where the text will be fully searchable in Europeana, making it possible to search inside books and other materials

Establish systems and processes capable of ingesting and indexing significant quantities of digitised material, including text, images, moving images and sound clips

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Research Infrastructures

LIBER is also a partner in the EU-funded Europeana Newspapers project

17 European partners providing 18 million pages

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Underpinning themes

Innovation through co-operation Creation of a critical mass of content Availability of the content to researchers

largely in Open Access ‘Research libraries’ engagement with RIs has been low…

it now represents a big gap in the European strategy…’ See Lossau, N (2012) ‘An Overview of Research Infrastructures

in Europe – and Recommendations to LIBER’ at http://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/view/8028/8386

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Europeana Cloud

Europeana itself is a cultural

heritage portal, aimed at the

European citizen, not primarily at a researcher audience New project - Europeana Cloud

To establish a cloud-based system for Europeana and its aggregators. Europeana Cloud will contain new content, new metadata, a new linked storage system, new tools and services for researchers and a new platform - Europeana Research

Researchers require a digital space where they can undertake innovative exploration of digitised content

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Benefits of Europeana Cloud

2.4 million new metadata records and 5 million research–focused digital items of research-focussed content

Develop a subscription model which is open to all European research libraries

Develop a digital platform, named Europeana Research Provide tools and services for researchers that permit

innovative research that exploits digitised content 13

Challenges for Europeana Research Visibility of libraries in research workflow

Will researchers visit one platform,

Europeana Research, to access all content?

Europeana Research will initially concentrate on materials in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Is this sufficiently broad to capture researchers’ interests? What

about Science, Technology and Medicine?

Sustainability A subscription model underpins the sustainability of the service

Will libraries pay to have their content visible here? 14

Contents

1. EU Digital Agenda

2. Discovery and retrieval New model for UK cataloguing?

3. Open Access developments

4. Data-driven science

5. Conclusions

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The Problem

Our key finding is that the current arrangements for producing and distributing bibliographic data for both books and journals involve duplications of efforts, gaps in the available data, and missed opportunities. ...[T]here would be considerable benefits if libraries, and other organisations in the supply chain, were to operate more at the network level.

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Open and Linked Data

The Open Knowledge Foundation identifies a number of advantages to libraries opening up their bibliographic data:Shared cataloguingNew services

Linked Data refers to a set of Best Practices for connecting structured data on the web See http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data

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Open and Linked Data

Library catalogue becomes re-positioned in terms of its relationship to the wider context of the web, and the social network of links that the web represents

Benefits to a shared approachCost savingsImproved access

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Recommendations

Best solution is for a cloud-based implementation to stand in for both local and central management of systemsLocal library management functions Centrally shared metadata catalogue

E.g. community zone, using the Ex Libris tools Metadata issues will need to be addressed

Duplication of records for same item needs to be replaced by concept of Master record

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Strategic Recommendations

RLUK databases need to be re-positioned in the wider context of the webExpand coverage to include new media types, e.g. blogs,

wikis, Open Access content, E-Books Shared cataloguing service reduces the footprint of local

library management system and so will re-define how libraries work

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StrategicRecommendations

That funding is identified to investigate the requirements and feasibility of a shared UK cataloguing service

To co-sponsor with the JISC a full cost-benefit analysis of providing an overall, above-campus shared cataloguing system solution

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Contents

1. EU Digital Agenda

2. Discovery and retrieval

3. Open Access developments PEER project Finch Report Gold Open Access monographs

4. Data-driven science

5. Conclusions 23

Open Access – a perspective from the Commission

17 July 2012 Neelie Kroes, European Commission Vice-President,

talks to scientific experts about openness in science - and the great results that can be achieved with open access

See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94CtpXuuq5Y

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PEER project

PEER project See http://www.peerproject.eu

Investigated the potential effects of the large-scale, systematic depositing of authors’ final peer-reviewed manuscripts (so called Green Open Access or stage-two research output) on reader access, author visibility, and journal viability, as well as on the broader ecology of European research

The project ran from 1 September 2008 – 31 May 201225

PEER – main findings

Author self-archiving alone is unlikely to generate a critical mass of Green OA contentThe author deposit rate in the PEER Project was

exceptionally low The acceptance and utility of open access publishing has

increased rapidlyOpen access publishing is increasingly important for

publishers, repositories and the research community

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PEER – main findings

Overall, PEER is associated with a significant, if relatively modest, increase in publisher downloads, in the confidence range 7.5% to 15.5% Publisher downloads are growing at a faster rate the repository

downloads

The likely mechanism is that PEER offers high quality metadata, allows a wider range of search engine robots to index its content than the typical publisher, and thus helps to raise the digital visibility of scholarly content

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See http://www.researchinfonet.org/publish/finch/Report to Department of Business, Innovation and Skills

UCL responsesSee http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-in-global-open-access.html and http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-ucls-david-price-responds.html

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Finch Recommendations

Gold Open Access is the future UK produces 6% of world’s global research output For an extra £38 million to UK HE, UK research outputs

could be published as Gold OA research outputs Green OA would be for grey literature, theses

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Finch Recommendations

National licensing solutions could extend access to the National Health Service, SMEs (Small + Medium sized Enterprises)

£6 million - £12 million extra a year for equality of access across HE

£1 million - £2 million a year for access by the NHS

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For an individual institutional policy, as things stand, Green is the only affordable and practical option

JISC Report by John Houghton and Alma Swan - Going for Gold?

– see http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/610

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Debate in the UK

Debate in the UK is polarised between the benefits of Green or Gold

2 solutions not mutually exclusive Finch talks about a Gold OA future, not set in a timeframe

Also relies on the whole world going Gold OA

Houghton and Swan look at transition issues and the position NOW

World will not go Gold OA overnight For the short to medium term, Green route is more cost effective

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UK Government funding

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7 September 2012

LERU Universities Going for Gold

One of the recommendations of the Finch Report is that experiments in Gold Open Access monograph publishing should continue

Debate to date has been largely about Gold Open Access journals, not monographs

Some LERU universities, with others, bidding for EU funding for pan-European Gold Open Access publishing infrastructure for monographs

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Professor Kurt DeketelaereSecretary General of LERU

Master Repository

Publication Management

Suite

Institutional repository

AuthorsEditorial boards

APIsOAI-PMH

etc

DP support

Public Catalogue

Formattransformer

Secure delivery

DOAB

Otherservices

Libraryplugin?

Catalogues

Finance

Order management

University Admin

Orders plugin?

Orders plugin?

BookMaster XML

Metadata

OA BookPDF

BPCs Subs

Kindle Hard copy

Other e-versions

OA BookPDF

On demand

Orders plugin?

Orders plugin?

Secure payment

Requests

Fulfilment

Paid-forversions

Technical

Editorial

plugin

35IGELU 2012

Contents

1. EU Digital Agenda

2. Discovery and retrieval New model for UK cataloguing?

3. Open Access developments

4. Data-driven science

5. Conclusions

36

5. Research Data Data-drive science is replacing hypothesis-driven science

as a methodology for scientific enquiry

Riding the Wave (2010) sets the scene for data-driven science See http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/e-infrastructure/docs/hlg-sdi-

report.pdf

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38

See Science as an open enterprise from the Royal Society (UK).

At http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/e-infrastructure/docs/hlgsdi-report.pdf

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UK developments

EPSRC – Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council has taken the initiative in the UK See

http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/about/standards/researchdata/Pages/default.aspx

Policy founded in seven core principles No. 1: EPSRC-funded research data is a public good produced in

the public interest and should be made freely and openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner

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EPSRC expectations

What do institutions need to do?

1. All institutions will promote awareness of the EPSRC policy

2. Published papers will explain how data can be accessed

3. Each institution will have relevant policies and procedures, and researchers and students will comply with them

4. Research data not in digital form must still be made available for sharing

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EPSRC expectations

5. Appropriate metadata describing the data will be available within 12 months of the data being generated

6. If data is restricted, the metadata must explain why and indicate how access would be possible

7. EPSRC-funded research data must be digitally curated for at least 10 years from the time it is public

8. Effective digital curation will be provided throughout the whole lifecycle

9. Organisations will pay for the infrastructure for data curation via existing funding streams 42

Roles and responsibilities of the Library

One of the issues identified in the Royal Society Report is the role and responsibilities of libraries ‘A particular dilemma for universities is to determine the

role of their science libraries in a digital age’ Report analyses the traditional role of the Library in

research processes repository of data, information and knowledge source of expertise in helping scholars access them

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Libraries and data-driven science

The ‘processes and the skills that are required to fulfil the same function are fundamentally different. They should be those for a world

in which science literature is online, all the data is online, where the two interoperate, and where scholars and researchers are supported

to work efficiently in it’ LIBER (Association of European Research Libraries) has

produced ten recommendations on what Libraries should do NOW about Data Emanating from the E-Science Working Group See http://www.libereurope.eu/news/ten-recommendations-for-

libraries-to-get-started-with-research-data-management 44

ODE – Opportunities for Data Exchange ODE is looking at the potential of the data deluge

See http://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/index.php/community/current-projects/ode

This potential can only be realised by adding an interoperable data sharing, re-use and preservation layer

to the emerging eco-system of e-Infrastructures. The importance of this layer, on top of emerging connectivity

and computational layers, has not yet been addressed coherently at ERA or global level

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Where do researchers store their data?

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PARSE Insight survey of 2009 asked academics (n=1202) where they stored their data

ODE conclusions

ODE identified 7 areas of opportunity: Availability Findability Interpretability Re-usability Citability Curation Preservation

Each stakeholder group was mapped against the criteria47

Opportunities

Libraries/ Data Centres

Availability Lower barriers to researchers to make their data availableIntegrate datasets into retrieval services

Findability Support for persistent identifiersEngage in developing common meta-description schemas & common citation practicesPromote use of common standards and tools

Interpretability Support crosslinks between publications and datasetsProvide and help researchers understand meta-descriptions of datasetsEstablish and maintain knowledge base about data and their context 48

Opportunities

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Libraries/ Data Centres

Re-usability Curate and preserve datasetsArchive software needed for analysis of dataBe transparent about conditions under which data can be re-used

Citability Engage in developing uniform data citation standardsSupport and promote persistent identifiers

Curation/Preservation

Transparency about curation of submitted dataPromote good data management practiceCollaborate with data creatorsInstruct researcher in Best Practicee.g. data formats, preservation formats, documentation of experiment

Contents

1. EU Digital Agenda

2. Discovery and retrieval New model for UK cataloguing?

3. Open Access developments

4. Data-driven science

5. Conclusions

50

Conclusions?

For vendors/suppliers

1. Your services and software need to have the ‘Open Agenda’ at the heart of your offering

2. Future is collaborative, and pan-European

3. No single Library can offer services and software facilities to meet all its users’ needs. Vendors need to understand that pan-European Research Infrastructures are the way forward for European research libraries

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Conclusions?

4. The European researcher requires/wants a one-stop shop for resource discovery. Is this Primo and Primo Central? Is this the mission and vision that Ex Libris has?

5. The EC is fully committed to Open Access and Open Data – we need to develop software and services to deliver on this Agenda

6. Research Data. We need platforms and services which support research universities

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Conclusions?

7. Platforms which support digital curation for cultural heritage do not in themselves meet our needs

8. Research Data and Data-driven science represent a revolution in the way science is performed in Europe, and globally

9. For vendors to thrive, they have to make a credible offering in this space

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Conclusions?

For Libraries

1. The agenda for Libraries has changed and Libraries need to change too

2. European Libraries need to model how they can participate in European Research Infrastructures This is the way that European Research is progressing

3. The ‘Open’ Agenda is THE agenda for European research libraries in the next 10 years

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Conclusions?

4. Digital curation is a vital part of the future for European Research Libraries. We performed this role in a paper world and we are best placed to carry this forward in a digital world

5. Data-driven science represents a revolution in the way that research is undertaken

6. Unless Research Libraries embrace the requirements of research data, they will be marginalised in the University

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Conclusions?

7. Research Libraries should not under-estimate the level of change that is required

8. In the late fifteenth century, the invention by Gutenberg in the West of moveable type printing transformed scholarship. In the twenty-first century, the prevalence of the Internet and the ‘Open’ agenda could do the same

9. Librarians in Research Libraries need a new raft of skills to meet the demands of Data-driven Science

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If you have been…

Thanks for listening

LIBER is happy to

participate in a

discussion

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