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KNOWING
ORCHIDS
CULTIVATION
(Species, propagation
& planting)
POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN RESOURCE
• Beautiful landscape
• Fertile soil
• Expected of climate
INDONESIA AS A MEGABIODIVERSITY COUNTRY
• Indonesia has about 4000 orchids species is distributed in many islands.
• Kalimantan & Sumatera have about 986 orchids species and Java has the ones more than 971 species.
• Maluku has about 123 species.• Irian jaya has about more than 1000 species
(Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum)
• Growing at elevations from sea level up to 3000 meters and temperature between up 8,7 °C to 32°C.
• They are found on branches of trees at in tropical rain forests.
CARACTER OF ORCHIDS DISTRIBUTED
• Cosmopolite orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in whole Indonesian land (Dendrobium crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata).
• Endemic orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in specific places.
Phalaenopsis javanica grows in west Java, Cymbidium hartinahianum is found in North Sumatera, Vanda celebica is found in Sulawesi only.
TAXONOMY
• Phyllum : Spermatophyta• Class : Angiospermae• Subclass : Monocotyledoneae• Ordo : Gynandrae• Family : Orchidaceae
ORCHIDS CARACTERISTIC
• Foliage shape• Flower consist of ;
- Sepal
- Petal
- Column
- Labellum• Fruits• Seeds
FIGURE
ORCHID
SHAPE
CARACTERISTIC OF ORCHIDS GROWS
• Epiphyte; type of plant which grows on another
but isn’t a parasite & deriver its own
nutrients from the air, rain, etc.• Saprophyte; (plant) any organism living on
decaying or putrefied matter.• Terrestrial; (plant) living & growing on land• Lithotrof; type of plant which grows above stone.
GROWTH STRUCTURE IN ORCHID
• Monopodial orchids such as Aerides, Phalaenopsis & Vanda have main stems which grow constantly.
• Sympodial orchids, such as Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium have a main stem, or pseudobulb, which is produced annually and matures at the end of each growing season, often culminating with flowering.
Simpodial orchid Monopodial orchid
ORCHIDS GENUS IN INDONESIA
• Such as; DENDROBIUM, BULBOPYLLUM, COELOGYNE, CYMBIDIUM, GRAMMATOPHYLUM, PHALAENOPSIS,
RENANTHERA, VANDA, AERIDES, RYNCOSTYLIS, PAPHIOPEDILUM, ERIA.
• DENDROBIUM THE GREATES OF GENUS, ABOUT 1800.
• ABOUT 900 GENUS ARE FOUND IN INDONESIA
Aerides odorata
• About 20 species belong to this genus of monopodial epiphytes.
• Aerides odorata is variable
in colour, from deep pink
to pure white.
Bulbophyllum biflorum_yellow
• Over 2000 named species
are included in this cosmopolitan
genus, with flowers that come
in all shapes, sizes and colour.• Most of these sympodial plants grow
and lithophytes as epiphytes.
Cymbidium bicolor
• Most of the species are terrestrial,
with upright flower spikes bearing
blooms in many colour.• In the lowlands, most cymbidium take
to the trees as epiphytes, growing in
high light.
Dendrobium
• An amazing diversity of plant habit,
flower form & colour is found in
this large genus.• Quite a number of species produce
new plants off the older pseudobulbs.
these are called aerials or “keikis”
a Hawaiian word which means baby.
Phalaenopsis amabilis
• Most people would be familiar
with Phalaenopsis, known as the
“Moth Orchids”.• Many hybrids have been produced
from the 50 or so wild species.• Most of these white hybrids have been derived
from the magnificent “White Moth Orchid”,
Phalaenopsis amabilis.
Paphiopedilum
• The “Slipper Orchids” have long been
highly prized in horticulture.• Some species are terrestrial, growing
through the leaf litter on the forest
floor, others are lithophytes which
show a preference for limestone cliffs,
while a number are epiphytes, & live in the major
forks of suitable trees.• Most of the species produce a single flower.
Vanda tricolor
• Vanda tricolor is a distinctive common
species, found on rocks or trees on
the fringes of lowland forest in Java.• It has perfumed flowers.• Monopodial plants grow
and as epiphytes.
GROWTH CONDITION
• Light, humidity, temperature.
Kind of orchids Light absorbtion• Arachnis 100• Renathera 100• Vanda daun 40 - 50• Cattleya 20 - 30• Dendrobium 40 - 50• Phalaenopsis 10 - 30• Paphiopedilum daun bintik 10 - 30• Paphiopedilum daun hijau 5 - 20• Aerides 20 - 40
TEMPERATURE
Kind of orchids Normal Temperature (°C)• Cattleya 20• Cymbidium 25• Dendrobium 25• Paphiopedilum 20• Phalaenopsis 21• Vanda 30
GENERATIF PROPAGATION
• Generatif
Pollination parent
male female
PREPARING INOCULATION CONSIST OF :
1. To provide a prominent seed.
2. To provide bottle, led & autoclve
3. Nutrient and equipment
e.1. Knudson C. Bahan Kebutuhan (g/ l) pH media
Ca (NO3)2H2O 1 KH2PO4 0,25 MgSO4 7H2O 0,25
Bbrp jenis anggek membutuhkan pH 5,2
(NH4)2SO4 0,25 Sukrose 20 FeSO4 4H2O 0,25
Phalaenopsis membutuhkan pH 5,5
MnSO4 0,0075 Agar-agar 15-17,5 Aquadest 1000 ml
e.2. Vacin & Went Bahan Kebutuhan (g/ l) pH media
Ca3(PO4)2 0,2 KH2PO4 0,25 MgSO4 7H2O 0,25
Pada umumnya digunakan pH 5,7-5,8
(NH4)2SO4 0,5 MnSO4.4H2O 0,0075 KNO3 0,525 Fe2(C4H4O6)3 atau Fe-chelate
0,028 0,057
Air kelapa 150 ml Sukrose 20 Agar-agar 7 Aquadest 850 ml
e.3. Resep Chang Bahan Kebutuhan (g/ l) pH media
Fish emulsion 1,5 sendok teh Pepton 1 sendok the
Dendro, Vanda, Arachnis 5-5,2
Gula pasir 5,5 Agar-agar 15
Phalaenopsis 6,8
Aquadest 1000 ml
How to inoculate ?
a. To sterilize into capurite solution,
about 10 minutes.
b. To remove into aquadest.
c. To inoculate into medium
(spread)
VEGETATIF PROPAGATION BY TISSUE CULTURE
• Requirements ;
a. Prominent explant
b. Appropriate of medium
c. Circumtance• Tissue culture rooms consist of;
a. Preparation room
b. Inoculation room
c. Incubation room
FIGURE INOCULATION ROOM
Sterilization
• To keep expant into 20% clorox solution, about 5 minutes, 10 % clorox solution about 5 minutes and
to rinse by aquadest.
Inoculation
• To provide sterile explant with less size and one
bud.
Incubation and Multiplication
• Explant is shaked on 100-200 rpm (shaker) in the long
periode, room temperature.
• Subculture
Removed explant into new medium.
PIGURE INCUBATION ROOM
ACCLIMATIZATION
VEGETATIF PROPAGATION
ORCHIDS PLANTING
1. To remove planlet in community pot
(in 9-12 months after innoculation).
- Dendrobium seedling better to control of light &
humidity.
- Each pot contains about
up 25 to 30 plants.
2. Terrestrial type using medium composition involve;
• Sand, soil, brick, manure, compost.
3. Vanda terres, its able to plant into earth.
4. Seedling is planted in large community (pot).
5. Removing explant up community pot to single pot.
- How to remove ?
- To prepare medium, consist of moss, brick,etc
6. Repotting. Why to repot?
- need a larger medium
- need much nutrients
Figure Single pot
• Each pot has one plant which
plant after about 4-6 months
in community pot.
PLANTING (in pot)
• Using in high quality pot.• Using stick to strengthen.• Using brick, moss, etc.
HOW TO PLANT;- To conbine a stick & pot.- To mix medium composition.
(brick) less than half pot.- To put plantlet on above medium.- To add moss later.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ;
• Stem can’t be covered by medium.• Might be planted monopodial type in centre pot.• Different to monopodial, sympodial type need to
close part of pot.
ORCHID MAINTENANCE
• Watering; (to note)
- Kind of water and pH level (5,6 – 6,0)
- Medium, humidity, temperatur, pot type, species of
orchids, phase of growth.
• Fertilizer application
• How to apply ?
-Spread, by watering, spraying.
Pemupukan Kebutuhan unsur Umur anggrek
N P K Seedling 60 30 10 Mid-size 30 30 30 Flowering-size 10 60 10
PLANT PROTECTION BY CONTROLING PEST AND DISEASE
• Pest; acarina, red spider, ant.• Insecticide; diazenon, malathion, sumithion 1-3 cc/
liter water.• Disease; leaf spot, soft-rot, physiology disease.• Fungicide; teresan 3 g/ liter water, captan 2 g/ liter
water, cuproxychloride 5 g/ liter water.