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SICNA 29 Aug 2013 – Lubbock TX
Improving the use of sorghum distillers grains in beef cattle diets
Jim MacDonald, PhD, PAS
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Status of sorghum distillers grains in beef cattle scientific literature
Owens, 2008
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Does Grain Type Influences WDGS?
100% Corn 100% Sorghum
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Nutrient profile of sorghum and corn
Item Corn Sorghum
NDF 10.1 8.7
ADF 3.7 5.2
Lignin 1.2 1.3
Hemicellulose 6.4 3.5
Hemicellulose % of NDF
63.2 40.0
Source: Dairy One Feed Library
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Does grain type influences nutrient profile?
Item Corn WDGS
Sorghum WDGS
Blended WDGS
CP 26.8 40.0 30.4
Fat 11.0 7.0 10.1
NDF 23.3 43.9 36.0
S 0.74 0.45 0.61
Solubles may have varied considerably
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Effect of Corn Processing and NDF Content on the Digestibility
of WDGS
DRC vs. SFC (P = 0.73)CWDGS vs. SWDGS (P < 0.01)
Interaction (P = 0.60)Assumes kp = 0.05/hr
Ru
min
al D
M D
ige
sti
blit
y, %
(Lewis et al, 2009. J. Anim. Sci. 87E-Suppl. 3:40 (Abstr.)).
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Relationship of NDF and Energy in WDGS
(JC MacDonald, unpublished).
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Strategies to Improve Fiber Digestibility
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Titration of limestone on the pH of wet distillers grains
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Effect of buffer and enzyme on fiber content and pH
No enzyme Added enzyme -P-Value-
Item No Buffer Buffer No Buffer Buffer SE Buffer Enzyme Interaction
Initial pH 3.68c 5.78a 3.63d 5.34b 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01Final pH 3.68c 5.17a 3.55d 4.46b 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01Final DM, % 33.1g 34.0f 33.3g 34.7e 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 0.05
Final NDF, % 40.6 40.7 37.9 37.2 1.61 0.83 0.05 0.82
Final ADF, % 16.9 17.1 16.6 17.4 0.82 0.51 0.93 0.71
Means within row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).
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Effect of buffer and enzyme on digestibility parameters
No enzyme Added enzyme -P-Value-
Item1 No Buffer Buffer No Buffer Buffer SE Buffer Enzyme Interaction
IVTD, % 79.7 81.2 81.3 82.5 0.9 0.14 0.10 0.85
NDFD, % 50.0 54.2 50.7 53.1 2.3 0.14 0.91 0.67
ADFD, % 46.9 51.7 56.4 59.3 2.5 0.12 <0.01 0.69
INDF, % 20.3 18.8 18.7 17.5 0.8 0.14 0.10 0.85
IADF, % 8.98 8.26 7.24 7.10 0.4 0.28 <0.01 0.47
IHEMI, % 11.4 10.6 11.5 10.4 0.5 0.07 0.93 0.77
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Effect of buffered enzymes on rumen digestibility
Item UNT ENZ BUFFERED NaOH NaOH+ENZ SE P-value
pH 3.27 3.25 4.71 4.96 4.46 - -Dry Matter
a (%) 47.7d 54.5b 60.7a 49.8c 54.3b 0.5 <0.01b (%) 45.2 40.9 38.0 40.5 39.3 2.6 0.17c (%/hr) 2.76ab 1.77b 1.89b 3.09a 2.37ab 0.5 0.06ERD (%) 63.3d 65.1bc 69.6a 64.0cd 66.1b 1.1 <0.01Extent (%) 89.1 87.9 88.5 86.4 88.2 1.5 0.45
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Effect of buffered enzyme on rumen ADF digestibilityItem UNT ENZ BUFFERED SEM P-value
ADF, % 25.1 27.3 20.5 - -a (%) 31.7c 44.1a 40.1b 0.2 <0.01b (%) 61.1 44.9 53.3 6.7 0.13c (%) 2.64 2.62 2.28 0.6 0.83ERD (%) 51.3b 59.3a 54.4b 1.5 0.01Extent (%) 85.1a 85.4a 79.7b 4.6 0.07
Indigestible ADF
12.2 11.1 9.3 -
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Summary of Laboratory Work
• Enzymes solubilize fiber• Remaining fiber has similar digestibility• Greater overall digestion
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Animal performance and digestion
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Nutrient profile of WDGS fed to growing steers
Item Control1 Enzyme Buffered Enzyme
CP 35.1 32.1 32.6
NDF 35.7 24.7 22.9
ADF 21.2 15.6 15.0
Crude fat 11.4 11.4 11.4
Ca 0.11 0.11 3.99
P 0.87 0.81 0.77
K 1.07 1.02 0.96
S 0.58 0.54 0.53
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Effect of buffered enzyme on performance of growing steers
Item Control Enzyme Buffered Enzyme
SEM P-value
Initial BW, lb
584 584 584 1 0.99
Ending BW, lb
868 873 854 9 0.32
ADG, lb 3.39 3.44 3.22 0.11 0.32
DMI, lb2 19.6ab 20.3a 18.5b 0.5 0.04
G:F 0.173 0.169 0.174 0.004 0.66
F:G 5.78 5.92 5.75 - -
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In Vivo Digestibility Estimates
Item Control Enzyme Buffered Enzyme
SEM P-value
OM Dig 76.0 73.8 76.0 1 0.23
NDF Dig 54.7 55.0 56.6 1.1 0.45
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Summary of buffered enzyme work
• Buffered enzymes showed promise in vitro• Animal trial do not support improved
performance• Animal performance trial• In vivo digestion trial
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Effects of NaOH on in vitro digestibility
% NaOH
% D
iges
tibili
ty
15% increase in fiber digestibility
(JC MacDonald, unpublished).
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Acknowledgements
Funding• United Sorghum Checkoff• Texas Corn Producers
Board• Biozyme Incorporated• USDA-ARS• Texas State Distillers
Grains Initiative
Research Team• Dr. Ted McCollum• Dr. N. Andy Cole• Dr. Jhones Sarturi• Dr. Christian Ponce• Jodi Patterson• Beverly Clark• Casey Brauer• Stacey Butler• Robby Bondurant