Australia & New ZealandKnow Before You Go

A step by step guide to your Trafalgar trip.

Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park

Your insider’s journey begins…

Thank you for choosing Trafalgar to show you the insider’s view of Australia and New Zealand. A wealth of experience has taught us that your journey begins well before you leave home. So we have compiled this guide to provide you with as much information as possible to help you prepare for your travels. We look forward to welcoming you on the trip of a lifetime!

Before you go…Travel DocumentsA couple of weeks prior to your holiday you will receive your Trafalgar wallet with your travel documents and literature. These documents are valuable and contain a wealth of advice and essential information to make your holiday as enjoyable as possible. Please read them carefully before your departure.

Passports and VisasYou are responsible for all visas, permits, necessary health requirements, and any other documents as required by laws, regulations and orders of the countries visited. All guests travelling internationally require a passport valid for 6 months beyond the conclusion of their trip, along with appropriate visas. Some of our itineraries enter a country more than once, so multiple-entry visas may be required for some countries. Please contact your travel agent or applicable government authorities to get necessary travel information.

Travel InsuranceWe strongly recommend that you take out a comprehensive travel insurance policy that covers you the entire time you are away from home. Your policy should cover the following:

• Trip cancellation or curtailment

• Loss or damage to property and baggage

• Loss of cash, traveller’s cheques, etc.

• Medical costs and personal accident

Please ensure you pack a copy of your policy, contact phone numbers and instructions on how to claim in the unlikely event that it is necessary.

Trafalgar’s Express Check-InTrafalgar’s Express Check-In is an online check-in facility that allows you to provide all your essential details and preferences to Trafalgar, prior to your departure, so that you don’t have to fill in any additional forms on the first day of your holiday. In order for your Travel Director to receive your information, we recommend that you complete Express Check-In at least 30 days prior to your departure date. If it is already less than 30 days before your departure, please complete the registration form, print it and hand it to your Travel Director on the first day of your guided holiday. Check-in takes 5-10 minutes. From Australia go to: www.trafalgar.com/express/aus_index.htm From New Zealand go to: www.trafalgar.com/express/nz_index.htm From UK go to: www.trafalgar.com/express/uk_index.htm From Europe go to: www.trafalgar.com/express/eu_index.htm From South Africa go to: www.trafalgar.com/express/sa_index.htm From Asia go to: www.trafalgar.com/express/gsa_index.htm

Luggage

Luggage Allowance

This is restricted to one large suitcase per person with dimensions not exceeding 30x19x10” (76x45x25 cm) and a maximum weight of 50 lb (23 kg). Hotel porterage of this luggage is included in your holiday price.

Hand Luggage

Hand luggage should be one piece per person and small enough to fit under your coach seat or on the small overhead shelf compartment. This is your responsibility and should be carried on/off the coach with you. Please note that luggage with an adjustable handle and wheels will not fit in the overhead compartment of the coach and cannot be accepted as carry-on luggage.

Your understanding and cooperation is appreciated, particularly as it is necessary for your safety and comfort. If a second suitcase is carried, or if it exceeds the permitted weight and/or dimensions, a charge of AUD/NZD$5 per travelling day will be collected by your Travel Director.

Airlines may have additional restrictions and may impose additional charges if you choose to check any baggage. Please contact your airline or refer to its website for detailed information regarding your airline’s checked baggage policies.

Please note that airport porterage at the beginning and end of your guided holiday is not included. Loss or damage to luggage or any of your belongings is at your own risk, so please protect yourself with appropriate insurance.

PackingWhen travelling as a couple, pack each suitcase with day and evening clothing for each person, so that in the unlikely event one of your suitcases is mislaid on your flight, you’ll still be able to manage.

Ensure that your personal and holiday details are written on a label inside each suitcase (including name, address, telephone number, departure and return flight details). Write only your name and destination address on outside labels.

Make sure that your luggage is in good secure condition, and when carrying fragile items, use a rigid style suitcase for protection.

Check in only your own suitcases. Do not carry items packed by other people. Never accept packages or articles from anyone unknown to you to carry on board the aircraft.

There are strict airport security regulations on items that may be carried on board aircraft such as liquids/gels and metal

30”

19”

objects. Consult your travel agent or airline for information on these and other restricted items and how they must be displayed at airport security checkpoints.

We suggest you pack only essential items for daytime use in your hand-baggage, both for your flight and while on the coach. For example, your camera, medicines, anything that you use frequently or is particularly valuable. Expensive jewellery, clothing, etc. should be left at home for your peace of mind.

ClimateDepending on where you are travelling, the climate can vary greatly both between and within Australia and New Zealand. Please refer to the listings under each country for further information.

What to BringThis will depend upon your personal preferences, where you are travelling to and the time of year you are travelling. We generally recommend casual, lightweight, drip-dry clothing that requires little or no ironing. Laundry facilities are available at most of the places we stay, however, take sufficient clothing to last for about a week. If your itinerary visits National Parks or the Australian outback, you may need to walk over rough and uneven ground, so comfortable walking shoes are advisable. Please be aware that the outback can be quite dusty, so we recommend that you avoid packing good white clothes and other colours that show up the dust easily. A supply of plastic bags for protecting clothing, cameras or other items from dusty areas in inland Australia could also be useful. Below is a list of items to consider packing for your Trafalgar holiday:

Clothing

Swimsuit Undergarments Sandals Socks Hat Sleepwear Shorts/skirts Jeans/trousers Warm jacket Pullover/cardigan Waterproof jacket Shirts/blouses Good walking shoes

General Items

Spare batteries/charger Camera & film/memory cards Medications Power plug adapters/converter & prescriptions Toiletries Collapsible umbrella Insect repellent Suntan lotion Travel sewing kit Pocket calculator Plastic bags Travel alarm clock Water bottle (screw top lid) Sunglasses Sachets of washing powder Money belt or holster

Essentials

Passport & Visas Travel insurance policy (where applicable) Traveller’s Cheques/Cash Credit cards Trafalgar documents Airline tickets

NB Do not pack your passport or money in your suitcase.

HealthTravellers should have a personal supply of any special medications that they may need and bring a copy of the

prescriptions. For easy access when travelling, please keep all your medication in your hand luggage, not in your suitcases. Carry prescription drugs in their original package to avoid customs questions.

It must be understood that Trafalgar is not a medical facility and therefore has neither expertise nor responsibility regarding what medications or inoculations you require guidance on. Please consult your private physician for your safe participation in the trip.

If you have any existing medical conditions, dietary requirements or disability that should be brought to our attention, it is essential that you inform us via your travel agent. Again, please ensure you have adequate travel insurance, including medical cover, before you leave home.

In most cases, vaccinations are not required unless you have recently travelled through an infected area, in which case you should seek medical advice before travelling to Australia and New Zealand.

ElectricityThe electrical current in Australia and New Zealand is 220-240V AC 50Hz and power plugs are the flat, three-pinned type. So you may need to bring a converter and/or adapter plug if you are planning to bring any electrical items.

Make Friends Before You GoWhen you travel with Trafalgar you will have the opportunity to meet new and interesting people from around the world. You can meet up with your fellow travelling companions by visiting Trafalgar’s Online Community. Read posts from fellow travellers in our Online Forum and register for My Community, your private travel group portal. Visit www.trafalgar.com/community and click on the links at the bottom of the page.

BudgetingTrafalgar itineraries include many features that will save you money on your trip – if you study your itinerary pages in the Trafalgar brochure you will see how many highlight visits and other sightseeing is included, as well as meals and entertainment. However, you’ll find you have plenty of time to explore independently during your holiday, so we recommend you budget for the following extra expenses per person:

Personal ExpenditureAs a rough guide, we suggest that you budget AUD/NZD$100 per day to cover personal expenses such as non-included meals, drinks, laundry, souvenirs, gifts and optional sightseeing. However, this also depends on how much you spend on shopping as there’s plenty to tempt you in Australia and New Zealand!

Optional ExcursionsExperience has shown us that most guests participate in these excursions and you should therefore budget for them in advance. Please read your travel documents prior to the start of your holiday for prices and information on any optional excursions you may wish to participate in.

MoneyTry to arrive at your first destination with at least a small amount of local currency in cash for initial expenses. In Australia and New Zealand, currency exchange desks are open at international airports to meet incoming flights.

Bank Machines – ATMs are widely available throughout urban regions of Australia and New Zealand. Most accept Visa or MasterCard provided they are encoded with a Personal Identification Number (PIN). However, please be aware that not all banks offer ATMs that are compatible with your credit cards and you should ask your bank prior to leaving home which ATMs you can access money from. Please note that banking facilities in remote areas can be limited, especially on weekends. Although a convenient way to obtain cash in different areas, you should not totally rely on bank machines during your holiday.

Traveller’s Cheques – These are still the safest way to carry money while on holiday. Try to arrange cheques in Australian/New Zealand currency as these can be cashed in small amounts almost anywhere. Foreign currency cheques are best cashed at banks, which impose restrictions, and are generally not open on weekends. Equal quantities of AUD/NZD$20 and AUD/NZD$50 denominations are recommended.

Please remember to keep a copy of your credit card details, traveller’s cheque numbers and emergency contact numbers with you, but separate from the cards and cheques, in case of their loss or theft.

Credit CardsMost credit cards such as American Express, Visa, MasterCard and Diners Club are accepted in Australia and New Zealand. Please note that any purchases by credit card may be charged based on the exchange rate at the time the credit card company invoices your account and many banks charge an exchange fee. The following offers some useful tips on using credit cards on your holiday:

• Call your credit card company to advise them you will be travelling, as some companies will block the credit card when they notice unusual charge activity.

• Ensure you memorise your Personal Identification Number (PIN); do not write it down.

• Ensure that your credit card is kept in view at all times when paying for goods and services.

• Retain all copies of sales vouchers until you have verified them against your statements.

• Make sure your credit card is carried on your person.

• Never leave your credit card unattended in your hotel room, a vehicle or any other place.

• Report immediately the loss or theft of your credit card.

Banking HoursIn Australia, banking hours are generally Monday to Thursday, 9.30 am to 4 pm and Friday 9.30 am to 5 pm. Some banks are open Saturday mornings. Banks in New Zealand are generally open Monday to Friday, 9 am to 4.30 pm. Since banking facilities are limited in some remote areas, your Travel Director will give you advance notice of days when you may not be able to access money easily and will ensure you have ample opportunity to use banking facilities beforehand. Please note that you will generally receive a better exchange rate on your international currency in major cities than in regional towns.

Maori dancers in traditional costume

Note: This section applies to guests travelling on a Trafalgar guided holiday.

Your Travel Director and Coach DriverThroughout your Trafalgar guided holiday you will be accompanied by a professional Travel Director and experienced Coach Driver. A Trafalgar Travel Director is more than just a guide. They are seasoned and experienced travellers, specially selected for their in-depth knowledge of the regions you will visit. They will enrich your experience with informative commentary on the history, culture and natural landscape of the region and reveal the hidden places that only an insider would know. They will also introduce you to your travelling companions and make you feel welcome. Trafalgar’s Coach Drivers are fully licensed, qualified and experienced professionals who are selected for their impeccable driving skills and record.

Your HotelsOn every Trafalgar itinerary, you will stay in some amazing places, specially chosen for you to experience the real Australia and New Zealand. Ranging from resorts and lodges in special locations, to hotels at the centre of the action in towns and cities; each night’s stop is as varied as the places you will visit.

Hotel Accommodation

At Trafalgar, we pride ourselves on our superior hotel selection. Our hotels are centrally located and close to major attractions. As we travel from major cities to remote regions, the standards can vary, however, you can rest assured that the hotels we select are the best available.

All hotel rooms are clean and well serviced. Each room contains a private bathroom with toilet, shower and/or bath and vanity, as well as air-conditioning and television. Rooms also often contain tea and coffee making facilities, mini-bar, room service, STD/ISD phone, radio and in-house movies. Wherever possible, we select establishments that offer additional facilities such as swimming pool, sauna, bars and restaurants.

Please refer to the itinerary in your travel wallet for information regarding accommodation at each stop.

Laundry

Most of the hotels we use offer a limited number of coin-operated washing machines and driers. Ironing facilities are also available either in the hotel laundry or an iron and ironing board will be supplied to your room on request.

Personal Hotel Expenses

Any additional costs incurred during your stay at the hotels (for example, laundry, telephone calls and bar bills) are your responsibility. Please ensure that your account is settled on the evening before you leave to ensure a smooth and speedy departure the following morning.

Your MealsYour holiday cost includes the meals indicated in your specific itinerary. Breakfasts are à la carte or buffet style consisting of cereals, fruit juices and cooked dishes, toast, tea and coffee. Lunches are generally not included in your holiday price, but we will ensure that inexpensive and healthy options are available. Included dinners feature a variety of menus to reflect local cuisine. From a traditional Maori Hangi feast to a genuine Aussie outback barbecue, we strive to give you a real taste of the destination.

There are times when dinner is not included so that you will have free time and the opportunity to sample your own choice of local cuisine. Your Travel Director will always have a number of suggestions just right to fit your taste and budget. When not specified on an included meal, drinks are always at your own expense.

Your CoachModern, air-conditioned coaches have been carefully selected by Trafalgar with your comfort, safety and scenic viewing in mind. They are equipped with reclining seats, large panoramic windows, public address system, drinking water, luggage lockers that are pressurised to help prevent dust entry and an onboard restroom. On some occasions coach restrooms may be inaccessible depending on operational conditions.

Your Trafalgar team will explain all the safety features of your coach at the beginning of your trip. For the comfort of all travellers, Trafalgar enforces a no-alcohol and no-smoking policy on board the coach.

Please note that antiseptic, bandages and other over-the-counter medications such as aspirin are not carried on the coach. Your Travel Director will be able to direct you as to where these items may be purchased locally should you need them.

Porterage

Your coach crew is always there to lend a hand and to liaise closely with hotels to ensure efficient handling of your luggage.

Seat Rotation

To allow everyone the opportunity to enjoy window and front seats, guests change seats daily during the course of the holiday.

Your FeedbackYour feedback is always welcomed. Towards the end of your trip, your Travel Director will hand out a feedback questionnaire. We ask that you answer the questions, make any relevant comments and hand it back to your Travel Director. The questionnaires are sealed and returned to our Head Office. Every sheet is read and a summary of each itinerary is given to management, and where necessary, appropriate action is taken to rectify any problems.

While you are travelling...

Note: This section applies to guests travelling on a locally hosted/independent Trafalgar-AAT Kings tour.

Your Driver GuideOur qualified Driver Guides work to the highest professional standard and we are proud of the excellent reputation they have developed throughout the industry. During each day’s sightseeing you will join a different scheduled Day Trip, with a different group of people and Driver Guide.

Your Driver Guide is more than just a great driver! Trafalgar-AAT Kings Driver Guides are seasoned and experienced travellers selected for their in-depth knowledge of the regions you will visit. They will enrich your experience with informative commentary on the history, culture and natural landscape of the region and reveal the hidden places that only an insider would know. They are also fully licensed, highly skilled professionals with an impeccable driving record.

Your HotelsAt Trafalgar-AAT Kings, we pride ourselves on our superior hotel selection. Our hotels are centrally located and close to major attractions. As we travel from major cities to remote regions, the standards can vary, however, you can rest assured that the hotels we select are the best available.

All hotel rooms are clean and well serviced. Each room contains a private bathroom with toilet, shower and/or bath and vanity, as well as air-conditioning and television. Rooms also often contain tea and coffee making facilities, mini-bar, room service, STD/ISD phone, radio and in-house movies. Wherever possible, we select establishments that offer additional facilities such as swimming pool, sauna, bars and restaurants.

Please refer to the itinerary in your travel wallet for information regarding accommodation at each stop.

Laundry

Most of the hotels used offer a limited number of coin-operated washing machines and driers. Ironing facilities are also available either in the hotel laundry or an iron and ironing board will be supplied to your room on request.

Your MealsOn your locally hosted/independent tour, hearty full breakfasts are generally included to get your day off to a great start. At lunch and dinner you are free to do your own thing. You can choose where and when you want to eat, and discover some of the fabulous local restaurants and cafés. However, on some occasions, we have included some special dining experiences, such as a mouthwatering seafood buffet lunch on the Great Barrier Reef.

Your CoachModern, air-conditioned coaches have been carefully selected by Trafalgar-AAT Kings with your comfort, safety and scenic viewing in mind. They are equipped with reclining seats, large panoramic windows, public address system, drinking water, luggage lockers that are pressurised to help prevent dust entry and an onboard restroom. On some occasions coach restrooms may be inaccessible depending on operational conditions. For smaller groups, air-conditioned mini-coaches may be used.

Your Driver Guide will explain all the safety features of your coach at the beginning of your trip. For the comfort of all travellers, there is a no-alcohol and no-smoking policy on board the coach.

Please note that antiseptic, bandages and other over-the-counter medications such as aspirin are not carried on the coach. Your Driver Guide will be able to direct you as to where these items may be purchased locally should you need them.

Your HolidayTrafalgar’s philosophy is that it’s your holiday and you should have the freedom to enjoy yourself as you wish. However, a great deal of planning goes into your itinerary to ensure you see all the main sights in the places visited. Trafalgar ensures you enjoy a full sightseeing experience in all major stops on your itinerary. Local sightseeing is sometimes conducted by qualified Local Guides who are eager to share their vast knowledge and love of the local history and culture.

Optional ExcursionsWhile we include many sightseeing activities in the price of your holiday, we offer a range of optional visits and activities both during your trip and in the gateway cities before and after your holiday. Your travel documents include a comprehensive day-by-day itinerary with full details and costs of the optional excursions available. Please note that some optional excursions cannot be paid for by credit card – your Travel Director or Driver Guide will advise you. Also note that optional excursions are operated by third parties and Trafalgar accepts no liability. Please remember that all optional excursions are undertaken at your own risk.

WaterWe recommend you carry plenty of drinking water with you, particularly in the warmer climates. Drinking water varies from region to region, so check with your Travel Director or Driver Guide as to its suitability for consumption. Drinking water is available on our coaches.

Your FeedbackYour feedback is always welcomed. In your travel documents you will find a feedback questionnaire that we ask you to complete at the end of your holiday and hand to your Driver Guide. The questionnaires are sealed and returned to our Head Office. Every sheet is read and a summary of each itinerary is given to management, and where necessary, appropriate action is taken to rectify any problems.

Keep Australia & New Zealand BeautifulHelp us by not littering the countryside or your vehicle. Each vehicle is equipped with waste disposal facilities, which guests are asked to use.

DoctorIf at any time on your guided holiday you require a doctor, please inform your Travel Director or Driver Guide who will arrange this for you. Ensure that you keep receipts for the doctor’s visits, medicines and any other expenses incurred, as you will need them to claim on your insurance.

TippingWe are confident that by the end of your trip you will have come to appreciate the important role your Travel Director and Coach Driver or Driver Guide have played in giving you the best possible holiday experience. If you have been pleased with their services, you may wish to express this satisfaction with a gratuity, as is customary throughout the world. Since this is a matter of a private and individual nature, you should seal your tip in an envelope to present to each of them separately at the end of your holiday.

A suggested tip (per person travelling) is AUD/NZD$5 per day for each of your Trafalgar team.

While not compulsory, tipping is becoming an increasingly accepted practice for the service industry in Australia and New Zealand, particularly in restaurants, bars and taxis.

PhotographyAustralia and New Zealand offer many wonderful photo opportunities. Please make sure that you bring film, extra batteries and memory cards. To protect your valuable camera equipment from dust, we suggest strong, re-sealable plastic bags.

Staying In TouchPhoning home from hotels can be very expensive since all hotels add a service charge to the cost of any phone calls you make from your room and this charge can be very high. It is always cheaper for you to use public pay phones. Alternatively, you could use an eKIT phone card.

What is eKIT?ekit is your global phone card and web communication service designed to keep you in touch with family and friends while you’re travelling.

eKIT provides:

• Low cost international calls

• Send and receive voice mails

• Free email service

• Send SMS text messages from the web

• An online travel vault for secure storage of important documents (e.g. passport number)

• 24-hour customer service

For more information check out the Trafalgar eKIT phone card in your travel wallet or go to www.Trafalgar.eKit.com

How do I join?

Use your credit card to set up an account at www.Trafalgar.eKit.com or call 24-hour customer service. Join before you go and receive a Trafalgar eKIT joining bonus!

How do I use it?

Your account number and PIN gives you access to all the phone and web based services. To make a call, simply use the toll-free access numbers for the country you are in, which you will find listed on your eKIT card, or at www.Trafalgar.eKit.com

How long does it last?

eKIT is a rechargeable service – simply recharge your account using your credit card at www.Trafalgar.eKit.com or call their 24-hour customer service. Ask about the monthly recharge bonus.

Is it competitive?

Yes – you may find cheaper phone cards in major cities – but you can only use them in the country of purchase and may not be in a language you understand.

The advantages of eKIT:

• It can be used from 70+ countries.

• You can call over 200 countries.

• You can recharge the card as you travel.

• You can use any balance remaining once you get home.

Emailing HomeE-mail is now a cheap and easy way to keep in touch. Internet cafes are available in many cities throughout Australia and New Zealand. Many hotels offer Internet services to their guests, however access charges can be expensive.

SecurityAustralia and New Zealand are generally safe and friendly places with people as warm and helpful as anywhere on the globe. In today’s world, security is an important consideration while travelling. By using common sense, most unpleasant situations can be avoided. We recommend that you:

• Carry copies of all your important documents in your hand luggage. Include a copy of your passport, credit card numbers and Traveller’s Cheques, as well as airline tickets and other documents.

• Never accept packages or articles from anyone unknown to you to carry on board an aircraft.

• If available, use a hotel security box for all your valuables – do not leave these items in your hotel room.

• Never leave your luggage and other personal items unattended when in public places such as airports, hotel lobbies and restaurants.

• Carry your valuables in a special money belt or in a bag that you can carry strapped across your front, and carry handbags and backpacks around your front.

• Upon arriving at each hotel, locate the nearest fire exit, directions to which must be posted in each guest room.

These recommendations will help you make your Trafalgar holiday as hassle-free as possible. If you are unsure about security while on holiday, your Travel Director will provide you with the best advice.

Re-routing of ItinerariesDecisions on re-routing itineraries are made just prior to each departure and consideration is given to the conditions prevailing at the time. In transit, if weather or unforeseen circumstances interfere with the itinerary, it is at the discretion of Trafalgar’s National Operations Office as to what alternative arrangements are made.

Public Holidays and ChangesIt is unavoidable to have a guided holiday program that is not in certain places on weekends, public holidays and days of closure for public buildings, shops and museums. We regret you may miss certain opportunities, but these are kept to a minimum.

Pre or Post Holiday ConnectionsIt is your responsibility to reconfirm your own air, road, rail or any other pre or post holiday connections.

Kangaroo

Capital: Canberra Population: 21 million

Largest city: Sydney Currency: Australian Dollar

Land area: 7,686,884 km2/2,967,910 mi2 Time zone: GMT+10

Australia

History TimelinePrior to European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by approximately 250 individual nations of indigenous Aboriginal Australians.

1606 William Jansz in the ‘Duyfken’ ‘discovered’ and charted 200 miles of the northern Australian Coast.

1616 Dirk Harthog made the first recorded landfall on the Australian coast.

1644 Abel Tasman explored the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.

1688 The first English explorer, William Dampier, landed on the northwest coast.

1770 Captain James Cook, after circumnavigating New Zealand, headed to Australia. Sighting land in the southeast corner of the continent, he turned north and charted the coastline. After 9 days he landed at Botany Bay.

1788 European settlement began, when Captain Arthur Phillip set up a penal colony on the site of present day Sydney. From this starting point Australia grew rapidly and continually, expanding across the entire continent.

1803 Convict settlement sited at Hobart, Tasmania.

1824 Another convict settlement was begun at Moreton Bay, now known as Brisbane, Queensland.

1829 The British Government formed a new colony in Western Australia, with its capital at Perth.

1835 John Batman purchased land from the Aborigines to pasture sheep. That land is now known as Melbourne.

1836 Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, was founded.

1840 End of transport of convicts from Britain to mostof Australia.

1851 Edward Hargraves became the ‘discoverer’ of gold in Australia after panning a small quantity near Bathurst, New South Wales and later at Ballarat and Bendigo, Victoria. In the next 50 years the ‘gold rush’ brought a population explosion and prosperity to Australia.

1853 End of transport of convicts to Tasmania.

1855 New South Wales is the first colony to draft a constitution.

1859 All colonies, except Western Australia, became self-governing.

1868 End of transport of convicts to Western Australia.

1890 Western Australia became a self-governing colony.

1901 The Commonwealth of Australia came into being as a federation of the States.

1927 Federal Parliament transferred to Canberra.

1988 Australian Bicentenary.

2001 Centenary of Federation.

GeographyAustralia is the largest of islands and smallest of continents. Located in the Southern Hemisphere, south of Asia, the coastline is 36,735 km/22,826 mi long and is washed by three oceans and four seas. About 40% of the continent is in the tropics. It is almost the same size as mainland USA and half as large again as Europe, excluding the former USSR. Australia is the only continent entirely occupied by one nation. The landscape has variety – from tortured red desert to lush green rainforest. Geologically, Australia is the oldest continent and is a vast storehouse of the world’s prized minerals and gemstones, including the famous Black Opal. Australia is the flattest continent with the only mountains over 1,600 m/5,250 ft being in the southeast where the highest peak, Mt. Kosciuszko, rises above 2,200 m/7,218 ft.

The Twelve Apostles, Great Ocean Road, Victoria

ClimateAustralia is the driest continent in the world, but in parts the average annual rainfall exceeds 3,750 mm/148 inches. The rainfall is uneven in distribution and areas, but generally speaking the highest rainfall occurs in the North Queensland ranges. In the tropics, summer and autumn are the ‘wet’ seasons, and winter and spring the ‘dry’. In the temperate south, falls are more even with most rain generally falling in winter and spring. Except in the high country of the southeast, severe winter spells are unusual. Except again for the southeast, summers can be extremely hot with temperatures above 38°C/100°F being common inland. The record highest temperature in Australia was 58°C/136°F in Cloncurry in western Queensland in 1889, but Marble Bar in Western Australia consistently has temperatures above 50°C/122°F. In the ‘wet’ season, the northern third of the continent is occasionally visited by cyclones with winds exceeding 160 kph/100 mph. They are accompanied by rains causing severe flooding and disruption to road and rail transport. Mosquitoes and a range of insects are common in Australia. To help avoid being bitten, regularly apply insect repellents and wear long, loose, light coloured clothing. Dark clothing, perfume, cologne and after-shave lotion attract mosquitoes. It is also advised to use an aerosol repellent to spray inside rooms.

DistancesAustralia is a big country and distances travelled can be quite long. Some days we will travel considerable distances by air, some days we do not cover much distance at all, particularly if we are sightseeing in and around town, or taking a cruise.

CurrencyAustralian currency is decimal with the Australian dollar being the basic unit. Notes come in $100, $50, $20, $10 and $5 denominations. Coins are minted in $2, $1, 50¢, 20¢, 10¢, and 5¢ denominations. If you are paying for goods with cash, you will find that prices are rounded up or down to the nearest 5¢ as there are no 1¢ or 2¢ coins.

Post OfficesPost Offices are open Monday to Friday 9 am to 5 pm. However if you are travelling on guided or independent holiday, you will find most hotels will be able to supply stamps for postcards and letters, and some hotels will also be able to handle larger packages.

ShoppingGenerally, most shops and businesses open at 9 am and close at 5 pm or 5.30 pm on weekdays, and midday or 1 pm on Saturdays. In major metropolitan areas shopping hours often extend until 4 pm or 5 pm on Saturdays and Sunday trading applies in some areas. Most cities have late night shopping (until 9 pm) on either Thursday or Friday nights (if not both). Most large supermarkets are open seven days a week.

Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory

TimeAustralia is divided into three time zones: Eastern Standard Time (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania) is 10 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Central Standard Time (Northern Territory, South Australia) is 9½ hours ahead of GMT and Western Standard Time (Western Australia) is 8 hours ahead of GMT. Between October and March all states except Queensland, Western Australia and Northern Territory observe daylight saving. Clocks are advanced by one hour during daylight saving.

Language English is our official language but you will hear many colourful expressions and of course, the Australian accent. To help you along, here is a list of words you may encounter:

• Barbecue – Cook on a grill or grate over a flame• Bathers/Togs/Swimmers – Swimming suit• Beaut – Beautiful/terrific• Billabong – Water hole in a semi-dry area• Billy Tin – container for boiling water • Boot – Trunk of a car• Bush – Countryside

• Chips – French fries or crisps• Chockablock – Completely full• Cordial – Sweet, fruit flavoured drink• Dunny/Outhouse – Toilet• Entrée – Appetizer (not the main course)• Fair dinkum – The real thing, absolutely true, genuine• Flat out – As fast as possible/busy• Footpath – Sidewalk• Jumper – Sweater• Lollies – Candy/sweets• Mate – Buddy/friend• Never-never – Far away desert land• Outback – Remote area, far away from the cities• Ports – Suitcases/luggage• She’ll be right – Everything will be OK• Swag – Bedroll and other worldly goods• Thongs – Sandals, flip-flops• Torch – Flashlight

• Tucker – Food

• Walkabout – Travelling on foot for long distances

Uluru (Ayers Rock), Northern Territory

Capital: Sydney Population: 7,017,100

Largest City: Sydney Main Industry: Livestock, tourism, information technology and financial services

Land Area: 800,642 km2 / 309,130 mi2

New South Wales

New South Wales, Australia’s most populous state, is home to our largest city, Sydney. Its temperate climate, with sunshine most days of the year, provides the ideal environment for visitors to this spectacular state.

Getting There By Air Sydney

You will have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Alternatively, on arrival at Sydney Airport, you can take the Kingsford Smith Bus Service for approximately AUD$14. This service departs from both the International and Domestic terminals every 30 minutes and will drop off at most Sydney hotels on request. Allow 35-45 minutes for the journey. A taxi from the airport to the city will cost AUD$50-$55. Sydney Airport is 20 km/12 mi south of the city centre.

Things to Do, Places to See Sydney

The capital of NSW and Australia’s oldest and largest city. Sydney was established by Captain Arthur Phillip as a penal colony. The city grew in chaos for many years until 1810 when Governor Macquarie set about restoring order and improving roads and communications. The city soon became a major shipping and trading centre for the southwest Pacific. Today, Sydney has the world’s best natural harbour with 55 km2/34 mi2 of water catering for 4,000 vessels each year.

Sydney Day Trips

Trafalgar, through AAT Kings, has an extensive range of half and full-day sightseeing tours in and around Sydney. With over 30 years of experience, we are experts in Sydney and its surrounds and offer day trips to:• The Blue Mountains

• Australia’s capital city, Canberra

• The wine producing areas and beautiful gardens of the Hunter Valley

• Sydney and its beaches

Sightseeing tours depart from the Coach Interchange Terminal, 'The Star' Pirrama Road, Pyrmont and bookings can be made by asking your Travel Director or phoning (02) 9700 0133.

Blue Mountains

The Blue Mountains, located 100 km/62 mi west of Sydney, is a popular destination for Sydneysiders and travellers alike. The Blue Mountains take their name from the blue haze which lingers over the range, a result of the fine mist of oil from eucalyptus trees. Some of the most popular attractions include Echo Point where you can view the Three Sisters rock formation, the cableway and the scenic railway which show the splendour of the Jamison Valley and the quaint town of Leura. You may like to visit the Blue Mountains on an optional day excursion.

Hunter Valley

Just 2 hours north of Sydney lies the picturesque Hunter Valley, Australia’s oldest wine producing area. Nestled amongst the exciting wineries is a fantastic spread of shops, restaurants and other attractions making the Hunter Valley the most visited region in Australia. Be amazed by the Hunter Valley Gardens, home to the largest gardens in the Southern Hemisphere.

Sydney Opera House The Three Sisters, Blue Mountains

Capital: Canberra Population: 339,900

Largest City: Canberra Main Industry: Government departments

Land Area: 2,280 km2 / 880 mi2

Australian Capital Territory (ACT)

In 1927, Federal Parliament transferred from its temporary seat in Melbourne to a location midway between the rival cities of Melbourne and Sydney. The new national capital was named Canberra, a derivation of the local Aboriginal word ‘Kamberra’ meaning ‘meeting place’.

In 1988 (Australia’s bicentennial year), Parliament moved from the famous Old Parliament House to the quite radically designed ‘new’ and permanent building, opened by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II. Canberra can be visited on an optional excursion from Sydney. Ask your Travel Director or phone (02) 9700 0133 for more details.

Australian War Memorial This is a Canberra monument and a museum, which houses the history and relics of many wars and conflicts. The Australian War Memorial houses some 20 galleries of exhibits depicting the Australian experience of war. The memorial is internationally recognized and is now a member of the Tourism Awards Hall of Fame.

Parliament House, Canberra

Capital: Darwin Population: 221,100

Largest City: Darwin Main Industry: Mining and tourism

Land Area: 1,349,129 km2 / 520,902 mi2

Northern Territory (NT)

The heart of the Outback, Australia’s Red Centre is an intriguing place, full of cultural and spiritual significance. Here you will find remarkable natural features such as Uluru (Ayers Rock) and Kata Tjuta (the Olgas), Kings Canyon, Palm Valley and Standley Chasm, as well as historic Alice Springs.

Getting There By AirAlice Springs

Alice Springs Airport is 14 km/8 mi south of town. You will have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Alternatively, on arrival at Alice Springs Airport, you can take the Airport Shuttle Coach which meets incoming flights and will drop off at city hotels. Cost is AUD$19 and the journey takes about 20 minutes. Otherwise a taxi will cost about AUD$35-$40.

Uluru (Ayers Rock)

Daily flights to Uluru (Ayers Rock) are available direct from Alice Springs, Cairns, Sydney, Brisbane and Perth, and via connections from Darwin, Melbourne and Adelaide and international cities. Ayers Rock’s Connellan Airport is about 5 km/3 mi from Ayers Rock Resort. AAT Kings operates a complimentary shuttle bus service which meets all incoming flights and drops off passengers at all accommodation facilities around the resort.

Things to Do, Places to SeeAlice Springs

Located in almost the geographical centre of Australia and 1,000 km/621 mi from the nearest capital city, Alice Springs is the gateway to the Northern Territory’s biggest tourist attraction, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and is a modern oasis in the MacDonnell Ranges. William Whitfield Mills discovered Alice Springs in 1871 while surveying a route for Overland Telegraph lines between Adelaide and Darwin. It was named in honour of Lady Alice Todd, wife of the superintendent of Telegraphs.

Alice Springs Day Trips

Trafalgar, through AAT Kings, has an excellent selection of sightseeing day trips to enjoy around Alice Springs. Journey with us to:

• Uluru (Ayers Rock)

• Kings Canyon

• Kata Tjuta (the Olgas)

• MacDonnell Ranges

• Standley Chasm & Simpsons Gap

• Palm Valley and moreAsk your Travel Director, or phone (08) 8952 1700 for details.

Uluru (Ayers Rock)

Known by the Aboriginal people as Uluru, it is not a rock but a huge bed of arkose sandstone deposited on the floor of an inland sea some 600 million years ago. It is properly described as a monolith and is a world famous rock formation. Uluru was first sighted in 1872. The Rock was given its English name after the Governor of South Australia, Sir Henry Ayers. Ayers Rock rises 348 m/1,141 ft above the surrounding plains and is nearly 9 km/5 mi around its base. The rock itself is world renowned for its changing colours as the light reflects from its surface at different times of the day. At sunset you can see crimsons turning to rust and pinks to mauves.

Ayers Rock Resort

Ayers Rock Resort, located 17 km/10 mi from Uluru, offers a range of accommodation from deluxe to budget at Sails in the Desert Hotel, Desert Gardens Hotel, Outback Pioneer Hotel, The Lost Camel, Emu Walk Apartments and Outback Pioneer Budget Rooms. The Resort is self-contained providing an array of amenities and comforts for guests including a Visitors’ Centre, a Touring and Information Centre, supermarket, souvenir shops, Medical Centre, café, restaurants and swimming pools.

Ayers Rock Day Trips

Trafalgar through AAT Kings offers the most extensive range of day trips at Uluru (Ayers Rock). Join us for:

• Uluru sunrise and sunset

• Climb Uluru

• Tour the base of ‘The Rock’

• Valley of the Winds

• Kata Tjuta (the Olgas)

• Kings Canyon

Please ask your Travel Director or phone (08) 8956 2171 for more details.Uluru (Ayers Rock), Northern Territory

Kings Canyon

The spectacular Kings Canyon is 100 km/62 mi to the southwest of Alice Springs. A climb to the rim of the Canyon will be rewarded with a view of the ‘Lost City’ – weathered rock which resembles the ruins of an ancient city and the ‘Garden of Eden’, a valley where permanent water holes are overgrown with ancient cycad palms. Sometimes referred to as Australia’s Grand Canyon, this extraordinary sandstone chasm plunges over 91 m/300 ft into the earth. Rich in fauna and flora, rock pools, sand plains and gullies, Kings Canyon has played an important role in Aboriginal life for over twenty thousand years.

The Olgas

A total of 36 domes make up Kata Tjuta (the Olgas), the other major attraction in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. The tallest of the domes, at a height of 550 m/1,804 ft, is some 200 m/565 ft taller than Uluru (Ayers Rock) and was named Mt. Olga by explorer Ernest Giles in 1872 after the Spanish Queen of the day. Trafalgar offers an optional day trip to Kata Tjuta including a walk into either the Valley of the Winds or Walpa Gorge. Please ask your Travel Director for details.

Northern Territory Top End

The Top End is a region with magnificent scenery, world-famous natural and cultural attractions, such as the World Heritage listed Kakadu National Park, and many crystal clear waterfalls and swimming holes.

Darwin

Darwin Airport is only 6 km/4 mi from the city centre. You will have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Alternatively, on arrival at Darwin Airport, you can take a Darwin Airport Shuttle Coach which meets all incoming flights and will drop off at city hotels on request. Cost AUD$15. Duration 20 minutes. Taxi fare approximately AUD$25-$30.

The capital of the Northern Territory and principal port of entry from Europe and Asia, Port Darwin was discovered in 1839 and named after Charles Darwin. It was not chosen as a town site until 1866 and not permanently populated until 1869. The new town was originally named Palmerston and was so known until 1911 when the name was officially changed to Darwin. In the early days, Darwin’s growth was slow, however the mineral wealth in the Northern Territory has made Darwin the prosperous city it is today.

Darwin Day Trips

Trafalgar, through AAT Kings, has an exciting range of sightseeing tours around Darwin and the Top End.

Join us for trips to:• Kakadu National Park

• Mataranka

• Territory Wildlife Park

• Litchfield National Park

• Katherine Gorge

• Arnhem Land, and more…

Please ask your Travel Director or phone (08) 8923 6555.

Kakadu National Park

The World Heritage listed Kakadu National Park covers almost 20,000 km2/7,722 mi2. Kakadu is jointly managed by its Aboriginal traditional owners and the Commonwealth organisation, Environment Australia. Kakadu National Park is one of the few World Heritage Areas that has been listed for both its cultural and natural heritage. It encompasses a variety of landscapes of superb natural beauty, not to mention some of Australia’s best Aboriginal rock art. One of the most scenic parks in Australia contains two kinds of wilderness: the black soil flood plains and paper bark lagoons of the Alligator River system, and the rugged walls of the Arnhem Land escarpment which is deeply indented with gorges, streams and waterfalls. At the northern end of Kakadu is a series of shallow lagoons and billabongs that attract thousands of water birds. Also in this area is Cannon Hill, the Aboriginal ‘art gallery’ of Arnhem Land.

Katherine

Along the Stuart Highway, known as ‘the track’, 310 km/193 mi south of Darwin is the town of Katherine and the spectacular Katherine Gorge National Park. Here, the clear river flows between towering, brilliantly coloured walls to form one of the most fascinating river canyons in Australia. The Katherine River was named after the daughter of one of the sponsors of John McDougall Stuart, who was the first white man to discover it in 1862. Carved out of solid rock by years of summer rains, the ochre walls and peaceful waters of Katherine Gorge will be a highlight of your visit to the Top End.

Litchfield National Park

Litchfield National Park, west of Batchelor in the Tabletop Range, is a huge sandstone plateau cloaked with dry woodlands and forests. Close to the edge of the escarpment, springs bubble into creeks that have their ultimate destination within the rainforest valleys below, making spectacular waterfalls that flow throughout the year. Litchfield National Park is located less than 2 hours from Darwin and is an attraction for all seasons. It features beautiful perennial waterfalls and associated monsoon rainforests. It is the ideal place for some moderate to easy grade bush walks with always a cool refreshing swim at the end. Experience the beauty of Florence and Tolmer Falls or take a dip in the water hole at Wangi Falls.

Capital: Brisbane Population: 4.1 million

Largest City: Brisbane Main Industry: Tourism, mining, bananas, pineapples, sugarcane

Land Area: 1,730,648 km2 / 668,207 mi2

Queensland (QLD)

Rightly deserving its reputation as the ‘Sunshine State’, Queensland is fortunate to experience a perfect tropical climate. With over 1.7 million km2, Queensland is one of Australia’s largest states with variety to match its series of distinct regions. From the lush coastal region, the mountainous Great Dividing Range and tablelands to the vast outback, Queensland has amazing sights.

Getting There By AirBrisbane

You will have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Otherwise, Coachtrans operate the Skytrans Shuttle Service which departs from outside both the Brisbane International and Domestic terminals. This service runs between the Airport and Brisbane city hotels. Cost is approximately AUD$16. Taxis are available from outside the terminals and the fare to the city is approximately AUD$40.

Gold Coast

Surfers Paradise is situated approximately 1 hour south of Brisbane on Queensland’s Gold Coast. On arrival at Brisbane’s International or Domestic terminal, take the Coachtrans Airporter Service which departs every 45 minutes from the front of the terminal and drops off at Gold Coast hotels on request. The cost is approximately AUD$46.

Cairns

If you have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday, please refer to the transfer details in your travel documentation. Alternatively, on arrival at Cairns Airport you can take the Sun Palm Transport shuttle bus into town. This service meets all incoming flights and costs AUD$10. A taxi will cost around AUD$25.

Brisbane Brisbane is the capital city of the state of Queensland and is situated on the Brisbane River, 34 km/21 mi upstream from Moreton Bay. A penal colony was the first settlement here in 1824. Brisbane has a sub-tropical climate and was the host city for World Expo in 1988. On the southern banks of the city lies Brisbane’s favourite leisure and entertainment precinct – South Bank Parklands.

South Bank Parklands Formerly the site of Expo ‘88, South Bank has been extensively redeveloped and is now one of the city’s liveliest and most interesting areas. Its attractions include restaurants and cafés, parklands and bike paths, a rainforest sanctuary, market stalls and even a sandy swimming lagoon and beach.

Cairns Cairns is the ‘capital’ of the tropical north. The city was more or less founded in 1876, with a settlement that grew on Trinity Bay to service gold and tin fields up-country. Sugar cane growing was established in the 1880s. Cairns was proclaimed a town in 1903 and a city in 1923. Modern Cairns still relies heavily on sugar for its prosperity.

Today, this tropical city has something for everyone. The Cairns coastal and regional areas have their own unique beauty and draw visitors to Cairns all year round. Take a guided tour to one of these many attractions or browse galleries and cultural parks. Perhaps shop at the Pier Marketplace or relax in one of the many cafés.

Great Barrier Reef

Spanning more than 2,000 km/1,200 mi along the north eastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is where you can enjoy the immense beauty, colour and richness of a truly natural underwater wonder. It is not a continuous barrier, but a broken maze of coral reefs and coral cays. The Reef is home to many diverse species of marine life including 1,500 species of fish, 400 types of coral and 1,500 types of mollusc. It can be explored on daily cruises, by seaplane, air charters and on special helicopter flights.

Kuranda

Kuranda Scenic Railway Train winds through 15 tunnels and over 36 bridges as it travels along the train track between Cairns and Kuranda. Kuranda’s picture postcard railway station, decked out in tropical flowers and ferns is justly famous. Other attractions of this quaint village on the edge of the Atherton Tableland include the colourful morning markets with produce, coral arts and crafts on display – there is quite a large ‘alternative’ crowd living in Kuranda.The Whitsundays

Capital: Adelaide Population: 1.6 million

Largest City: Adelaide Main Industry: Agriculture, automotive, fishing

Land Area: 983,482 km2 / 379,725 mi2

South Australia (SA)

In size South Australia represents one eighth of the Australian Continent. Great Britain and Ireland together would fit into it four times and Belgium 31 times. It is 1.5 times the size of Texas. South Australia has a special place in the history of Australia as it was settled entirely by free people and has no convict background. Driving today through the rolling hills of the Fleurieu Peninsula south of Adelaide or the green wheat fields bordering Spencer Gulf, it is easy to forget that two-thirds of South Australia is harsh barren outback country. Obviously South Australians have chosen their homes in the cooler, kinder southern parts of the state, where there is sufficient rain and irrigation to make the land both productive and hospitable.

Getting There By AirAdelaide

You will have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Alternatively, on arrival at Adelaide Airport you can take the transit bus to many of Adelaide’s city hotels. Skylink Airport Shuttle operates this service. The cost is AUD$10. Contact (08) 8332 0528. A taxi will cost around AUD$25 and the journey will take about 10 minutes. Adelaide Airport is 7 km/4 mi west of the city.

AdelaideAdelaide, the capital of South Australia, is Australia’s fifth largest city. Superbly nestled between a range of low hills and sheltered gulf waters, it enjoys 32 km/20 mi of clean white sandy beaches. Just 20 minutes from the city are the magnificent Mt. Lofty Ranges with valleys filled with grapevines, dairy pastures and fertile market gardens. Abundant wildlife roams the hills, the plains and the sea. Adelaide has carefully preserved natural habitats and environments for its cherished fauna and flora, making it a perfect eco-tourism destination. Adelaide is classed as one

of the world’s most convenient cities and boasts some of the world’s best wine, food and environment. The host of many international events, Adelaide is known as Australia’s arts capital. It is also famous for its internationally renowned wineries and as home to Australia's national gemstone, the opal.

Coober Pedy

The world’s opal capital, Coober Pedy is South Australia’s oldest and largest opal mining town. The town’s population is multicultural with over 50 nations represented. The relaxed and friendly lifestyle of the town made it a breeding ground for cultural tolerance, diversity and acceptance. The opal veins here occur up to 30 m/98 ft below the surface, but small opals are often found loose on the ground. Due to the heat Coober Pedy is also known for its unique style of ‘underground’ living. Visitors are able to explore authentic underground homes as well as underground museums, opal shops, an art gallery and of course opal mines.

Kangaroo Island

The third largest island off the coast of Australia, Kangaroo Island is a nature lover’s dream, with over 30% of the Island dedicated to National Parks. With extensive touring options and a variety of quality accommodation, the Island has an enviable reputation as an excellent place to see Australian wildlife in its natural habitat including the world’s largest breeding colony of sea lions. Regular ferries and coach connections are available from Adelaide. Kangaroo Island is probably best known for its accessible wildlife. Free from mainland predators, it is a natural habitat for koalas, platypus, goannas, the rare glossy black cockatoo, wallabies and the Island’s own species of kangaroo. Its shores are also home to the elusive leafy-sea dragon. Here, you can walk amongst wildlife in natural surroundings, including the colony of sea lions at Seal Bay.

Flinders Ranges Remarkable Rocks, Kangaroo Island

Capital: Melbourne Population: 5.2 million

Largest City: Melbourne Main Industry: Manufacturing, mining, agriculture (wheat, barley & oats)

Land Area: 227,416k m2 / 87,806 mi2

Victoria (VIC)

Victoria is our smallest mainland state, yet has the country’s second highest population. Victoria’s capital, Melbourne is recognised as the cultural capital of Australia with its wide array of restaurants, shopping, entertainment and sports.

Getting there by AirMelbourne

You will have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Otherwise, Sunbus operates a shuttle service which departs every 15 minutes for the city, with connections to city hotels. Cost AUD$26 one way. A taxi from the Airport will cost around AUD$55-$60 and will take around 30 minutes.

Melbourne Declared Australia’s first capital city in 1901, Melbourne was once the financial and business capital of Australia. Now it is more renowned for its fine food, fashion, sport and culture, as well as its historic buildings and delightful gardens. It is 5 km/3 mi inland from Port Phillip Bay, by the banks of the Yarra River and has a population of over three million people.

Melbourne Day Trips

Trafalgar, through AAT Kings, has a wide range of sightseeing tours in and around Melbourne. With us you can visit:

• The Great Ocean Road

• Phillip Island Penguin Parade

• Yarra Valley wineries

• Melbourne city sights

• Sovereign Hill and Ballarat, and much more

Ask your Travel Director or phone (03) 9663 3377 for details.

Phillip Island

A popular location for Victorian travellers is Phillip Island, 140km from Melbourne on Westernport Bay. Phillip Island’s attractions include its excellent beaches, the nightly ‘Little Penguin Parade’, the Koala Conservation Centre and the Seal Rocks Life Centre. See these and more on an optional day tour to Phillip Island. Ask your Tour Director or phone (03) 9663 3377 for more details.

Beechworth

Beechworth is Victoria’s best preserved gold town and lies cradled in the foothills of the Australian Alps. The town’s wide, tree-lined streets contain over 30 buildings listed by the National Trust. The town was closely associated with the infamous bushranger Ned Kelly and the courthouse where his final trial commenced still stands on Ford Street.

Great Ocean Road

One of the world’s great scenic coastline drives begins at Torquay, about 100 km/62 mi southwest of Melbourne and extends for over 300 km/186 mi. Visit the Great Ocean Road’s most famous attractions including the Twelve Apostles, Loch Ard Gorge, Bells Beach and the seaside village of Lorne on an optional ‘Great Ocean Road’ day trip. Ask your Travel Director or phone (03) 9663 3377 for details.

River Yarra, Melbourne Penguin Parade, Phillip Island

Australia

Melbourne119 Swanston St Vic 3000

Tel: 61-3-9662 3524 Fax 61-3-9654 9213

enquiries@nationalopal.com

Sydney60 Pitt St. NSW 2000Tel: 61-2-9247 6344 Fax: 61-2-9233 7633info@nationalopal.com

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Multi award winning Daydream Island Resort & Spa offers guests a multitude of facilities and activities. If it’s relaxation

you are after, there’s a state of the art Rejuvenation Spa offering naturopathy, therapeutic and pampering treatments.

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movie cinema – there’s something for everyone on Daydream.

For more information visit our website onwww.daydreamisland.com

Immerse yourself in paradise!

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Australia

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Half page horizontal190(w) x 116(h)mm

Australia

your tour… Join DownUnder Tours for their allinclusive tour to Cape Tribulationand Daintree. Your day includesmorning tea, guided tour of theDaintree Discovery Centre, lunchin a rainforest setting and acruise on the Daintree River.

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your tour… Enjoy a great day combining Kurandawith an adventurous crocodile experience at Hartley'sCrocodile Adventures. Travel on the famous KurandaScenic Rail, enjoying breathtaking views along the way.There is limited free time in Kuranda before boardingthe worlds most beautiful rainforest experience,Skyrail Rainforest Cableway at 11.30am. There are 2stops enroute to explore, inc. boardwalks & the CSIROInterpretive Centre. We then transfer you to Hartley'sCrocodile Adventures - the best place to see crocodilesin Tropical North Queensland. Plenty of time is allowedto explore this fascinating park, inc. the wetlandscruise, crocodile attack show & snake show. We thenreturn you to your accommodation.

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The Best way to see Sydney

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The Best way to see Sydney

4 20 sightseeing and dining cruises departing

No. 6 Jetty, Circular Quay from 9:30am to

7:30pm daily 4 World famous Coffee Cruise 4 Breakfast, lunch and dinner cruises

4 Flexible All Day Explorer Pass

(02) 9206 1111

www.captaincook.com.au

The Best way to see Sydney

Queensland

Koalas

Capital: Wellington Population: 4 Million

Largest City: Auckland Currency: New Zealand Dollar

Land Area North Island: 115,000 km2/44,400 mi2 Time zone: GMT +12 South Island: 151,000 km2/58,300 mi2

New Zealand

The indigenous Maori named New Zealand Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud. New Zealand is made up of two islands referred to as the North and South Islands.

Mt. Cook

HistoryWhen New Zealand was ‘discovered’ by the Dutch navigator Abel Tasman in 1642, it was found to be already inhabited by Maoris who had migrated from Polynesia in ocean-going canoes. Oral Maori history supports the view that the migration was spread over several generations and perhaps centuries, with final migration of considerable magnitude in approximately AD1350. Further voyages followed, notably those of James Cook, who in the latter part of the 18th century was the first European to set foot on New Zealand. His extensive charting of the New Zealand coastline dispelled the myth that the west coast, first charted by Tasman, was the coastline of the ‘Great Southern Continent’ that was believed to exist by leading geographers of the time.

The first European settlers arrived in 1792 and in the following years, coastal whaling stations were established and missionaries arrived. Colonisation began in earnest in 1825, but it was not until 1840 that any major scheme showed success. The immediate effect of European contact was the outbreak of a series of wars between colonists and Maoris, but after 1870 there were no further hostilities and a lasting peace has prevailed since that time. British Sovereignty was formally proclaimed over New Zealand in 1840 by Captain Hobson with the Treaty of Waitangi, but all territorial rights remained with the Maori chiefs and their tribes. In 1861 large alluvial deposits of gold were discovered in the South Island and this led to a large influx of prospectors and miners from many parts of the world. This increased wealth and population stimulated economic and political growth in New Zealand. Dominion status was achieved in 1907 when New Zealand became a fully self-governing nation within the then British Empire, but complete autonomy from Britain was not gained until 1947 when the Statute of Westminster (1931) was formally adopted by the New Zealand government.

New Zealand is a member nation of the Commonwealth. During World War I and World War II, New Zealand troops fought with British and allied troops, and contingents were sent both to Korea and Malaysia in the 1950s and Vietnam in the 1960s. Historic and economic links with Britain, Western Europe and Australia have remained, but more recently with the signing of agreements such as the SEATO Treaty and the South Pacific Forum, New Zealand’s scope of interest

has widened to include South East Asia, the South Pacific and many other areas of the world.

GeographyNew Zealand is situated in the South Pacific, just west of the International Dateline. It is approximately 1,600 km/1,000 mi southeast of Australia, 9,000 km/5,600 mi from Singapore and 11,000km southwest of San Francisco. The two major islands, the North Island and the South Island, combined with the much smaller but significant Stewart Island, give the country a combined area of approximately 268,000 km2/166,500 mi2. New Zealand has a wide varietyof spectacular scenery in a comparatively compact area, including snow-capped mountains, deep lakes, sub-tropical rainforests, glow worm caves, glaciers and snowfields, volcanoes and thermal geysers. The coastline is long and has many beautiful beaches. Mountains cover a large part of the South Island and central North Island, and there are 19 peaks over 3,000 m/9,800 ft, the highest being Mount Cook at 3,754 m/12,316 ft.

ClimateNew Zealand has a temperate climate, similar to the southern states of Australia. In fact, the top of the North Island is about the same latitude as Sydney and the lower end of the South Island is about the same latitude as Tasmania, with the climates being somewhat similar to their Australian counterparts. The South Island generally tends to be a few degrees cooler than the North Island and the alps are considerably cooler than the lower altitudes. New Zealand experiences the four seasons, much the same as southern Australia. Summer is between December and February and winter between June and August, with autumn and spring falling March-May and September-November respectively. The climate is temperate and equable, with a sunshine average of about 2,000 hours annually. Rainfall for the greater part of the country ranges between 600-1,500 mm/24-60 in annually. Temperature variations between seasons are generally small, except the interior South Island where wider ranges are recorded.

The PeopleApart from the Maori population of 270,000, New Zealanders are predominantly of United Kingdom descent, although there is a sizeable number of citizens of Dutch, Chinese and Indian descent.

The Maori

The Maori people are the original settlers in New Zealand whose migrations are thought to have preceded European settlement by some 400-500 years. Isolated from outside influence until European discovery, the Maori developed a unique culture comprised of highly developed social and ritualistic customs, and as a race, they displayed a great deal of courage. The traditional Maori art and craft persists today and over recent years there has been a major revival of interest. Maori art reflects the Polynesian origins of the people, but it has a distinctive and unique form. Wood carving, intricately designed, was the principal expression, The Kiwi

but weaving, stonework and tattooing became highly developed. The Maori language is still spoken, particularly by the North Island Maoris, but there are many who have never learnt to speak their native tongue. Educators and the Maori people have been aware of this shortcoming, and the language is being incorporated into the curriculum of an increasing number of secondary schools. Although Maori was not a written language before the coming of the white missionaries, it is a language rich in the traditions of both legend and poetry, which played primary roles in Maori life. Maoris live in harmony with other New Zealanders and form an integral part of New Zealand society. Inter-marriage between the Maori and European communities is common. Although an increasing number of Maoris are moving into urban areas, the traditional Maori way of life still continues in many parts of the country.

LanguageEnglish is the official language of New Zealand. The Maori people also have their own language and many place names in New Zealand are in this language. The standard version used today is quite simple as it has been written as it was first heard by early missionaries. All consonants are pronounced as in English, except ‘wh’, which is generally pronounced as ‘f’ and ‘ng’, which is pronounced as in ‘sing’.

CurrencyNew Zealand’s currency is decimal with the New Zealand dollar being the basic unit. Notes come in $100, $50, $20, $10 and $5 denominations. Coins are minted in $2, $1, 50c, 20c & 10c denominations. If you are paying for goods with cash, you will find that prices are rounded up or down to the nearest 10c, as there are no 1c, 2c or 5c coins.

Departure Tax International visitors before departing New Zealand, a departure tax is payable at airport, only if you are departing from an airport other than Auckland Airport, where the tax is included in the cost of your air ticket. The tax is currently NZD$25 (subject to change without notice).

Post OfficesPost Offices are open Monday to Friday 9 am to 5 pm. However, you will find most hotels will be able to supply stamps for postcards and letters, and some hotels will also be able to handle larger packages.

ShoppingGenerally, most shops and businesses open at 9 am and close at 5 pm or 5.30 pm on weekdays, and 12.30 pm on Saturdays. Most cities have late night shopping until 9 pm on either Thursday or Friday nights, if not both nights. Many large supermarkets are open seven days a week until 8 pm or later.

TimeNew Zealand is 12 hours ahead of GMT or two hours ahead of Australian Eastern Standard Time. Between October and March daylight saving is observed by New Zealand. Clocks are advanced by one hour during daylight saving.

DistancesNew Zealand is not a large country so the distances travelled in any one day are not great. In fact, some days we do not cover much distance at all, particularly if we are sightseeing in and around town, or taking a cruise.

Waitomo Glow Worm GrottoChurch of the Good Shepherd, Lake Tekapo

Largest City: Auckland Main Industry: Manufacturing, tourism, forestry, fishing

Land Area: 113,729 km2 / 44,281 mi2

Population: 3,250,700

North Island

The centre of the North Island is renowned for its geothermal activity and natural wonders, while the Northland region has delightful beaches and a colourful history. Combine all this natural beauty with the vibrant and sophisticated cities of Auckland and Wellington, and you have got the perfect holiday location.

Getting ThereAuckland

You have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holidays. Alternatively, on arrival at Auckland Airport (Domestic or International), you can make your way to the city by using Super Shuttle. Super Shuttle departs both terminals every 20 minutes and tickets can be purchased from the driver. Tickets cost NZD$34 one way for an adult into the city.

Auckland New Zealand’s largest city is sometimes referred to as the ‘City of Sails’, as it reportedly has the most boats per capita in the world. It also has the world’s highest concentration of Polynesians and is situated on a narrow peninsula between two harbours, providing some lovely water views.

RotoruaRotorua’s main attractions are the boiling mud pools, hot springs and geysers for which the area is famous. This geological activity is due to the fact that the earth’s crust is very thin in this area, allowing pressures from deep within the earth to be released to the surface. Rotorua, meaning ‘the second lake’, is also of cultural significance, with one-third of the 68,000-strong population being of Maori descent.

Waitomo Caves First explored by Europeans in 1887, the Glow Worm Caves have since been an attraction for visitors. These limestone caves, full of stalagmites and stalactites, have developed over thousands of years and provide a home for the tiny glow worms which light up the caves.

Wellington Wellington has been New Zealand’s capital since 1865, when the seat of government was moved here from Auckland. As Wellington is only 2 km/1.2 mi wide, it is explored easily by foot. Located between a beautiful harbour and rolling green hills, Wellington has excellent shopping, professional theatre and cafés and restaurants all close to untouched nature spots.

Bay of Islands The site of New Zealand’s first European settlement and first capital city, the Bay of Islands was also where the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, making New Zealand a British colony. With 144 islands, secluded bays, an abundance of marine life and scenery that is nothing short of spectacular, Bay of Islands is New Zealand’s finest Maritime Park.

Rotorua Thermal Reserve Wellington Cable Car

Largest City: Christchurch Main Industry: Tourism, fishing, dairy farming, forestry

Land Area: 151,215 km2 / 58,093 mi2

Population: 1 million

South Island

Running almost the length of the South Island are the rugged Southern Alps. To the west of the mountains lie many spectacular fiords and to the east, the beautiful Canterbury Plains. The eastern side of the Alps receives a relatively low annual rainfall, whereas the climate is much wetter on the western side due to the Alps providing a barrier to the westerly winds.

Getting There By Air

Christchurch

You have an airport transfer included in your Trafalgar guided holiday. Alternatively, on arrival at Christchurch Airport (Domestic or International), you can make your way to the city by using Super Shuttle. Tickets can be purchased from the driver and cost NZD$24. This service departs regularly from outside the terminals on the Shuttle/Taxi ranks. Call 0800 748 885 for reservations.

Christchurch The South Island’s largest city and the ‘English’ city of New Zealand, Christchurch is known for its beautiful gardens and the tree-lined Avon River which runs through it. Early settlers wanted to call the river ‘The Shakespeare’.

Dunedin Dunedin is the old Gaelic name for Edinburgh and means ‘Edin on the Hill’. Not surprising, Dunedin is known as the ‘Edinburgh of the South’. Situated on the south-eastern coast of New Zealand’s South Island, Dunedin is the main centre of Otago, a region recognized for its spectacular scenery. It possesses a unique combination of cultural riches, fine architecture and world-famous wildlife reserves on the Otago Peninsula. It is also known as a student town with the University of Otago, New Zealand’s oldest university, located here.

The sheer physical beauty of Dunedin, with its dramatic bush-covered hills and valleys at the head of a long natural harbour, attracted Maori settlers to the site over four centuries ago. Then in 1848 Scottish migrants established a town here and thirteen years later gold was discovered In Central Otago and the small settlement of Dunedin became the centre for the nation’s wealth. Soaring cathedral spires, a magnificent Flemish-style railway station, fine banks and office blocks, a nineteenth-century castle, old university buildings and a neo-gothic convent, are among the city’s architectural treasures.

Franz Josef and Fox GlaciersThe West Coast Glaciers are some of the largest and most accessible glaciers in the Westland National Park. Franz Josef was named in 1865 in honor of the Emperor of Austria. The Fox Glacier was named in 1872 after an early NZ Prime Minister, William Fox.

Lake Tekapo The turquoise colour of the lake is due to fine particles of rock, called ‘rock-flour’, held in suspension in the glacial melt water which feeds it. The Church of the Good Shepherd stands beside the lake and was built in 1935 from stone and oak. Not far from the church is a bronze sheepdog statue, a tribute to these animals which helped to develop the pastoral farming country in this area.

Milford Sound Accessed from the resort town of Te Anau, Milford Sound is surrounded by walls that rise 1,200 m/3,900 ft from the sea. One of the most striking and famous features of Milford Sound is the 1,695 m/5,560 ft high Mitre Peak. The region’s annual rainfall is amongst the country’s highest.

Mount Cook New Zealand’s highest mountain at 3,754 m/12,316 ft and part of the Mount Cook National Park. Along with Fiordland, Aspiring and Westland National Parks, Mount Cook is part of a World Heritage Area. The mountain was named after Captain James Cook by Captain Stokes of the survey ship HMS Acheron in 1851 and is known to the Maori as Aoraki, meaning ‘cloud piercer’.

Canterbury Plains

Queenstown Nestled on the shores of Lake Wakatipu is scenic Queenstown, surrounded by the mighty peaks of the Southern Alps. During the winter months (Jun – Sep) the Remarkables are home to some of the world’s most spectacular skiing. During the warmer months (Nov – Feb) this winter wonderland transforms into a summer holiday resort town. Queenstown is recognized as the ‘adventure capital’ of New Zealand. However, there is also a wide variety of relaxing activities including wine trails, museums, shopping, restaurants and cafés.

Lake Wakatipu & Walter PeakLake Wakatipu is the third largest lake in New Zealand. During the gold rush days many steamships could be seen on the lake, transporting stakeholders from point-to-point. Now, only the vintage TSS Earnslaw remains. This stately ‘Lady of the Lake’ still makes trips across the lake to drop clients at Walter Peak, where there is an old colonial homestead and sheep station.

Mitre Peak

Booking offices

Trafalgar USACorporate Head Office 801 East Katella Avenue, Anaheim, California 92805-6606, USA

T 00 1 714 937 4915F 00 1 714 937 4901

www.trafalgar.com

Trafalgar Canada33 Kern Road, Toronto, Ontario M3B 1S9

T 00 1 416 322 8468)F 00 1 416 322 8239/8148)

Toronto, Wats (Ont/Que) 1 800 668 8282 Ontario, M3B 1S9. Wats (Canada): 1 800 387 2680

Trafalgar’s expert ground handler in Australia & New Zealand is AAT Kings Tours.

AAT Kings Sydney Jetty 6, Alfred Street, Circular Quay, New South Wales, 2000

T (02) 9700 0133 F (02) 9666 6468

AAT Kings Melbourne Federation SquareCnr Flinders & Russell StreetsMelbourne, Victoria, 3000

T (03) 9663 3377 F (03) 9663 3133

AAT Kings Ayers RockAyers Rock Resort, Yulara, Northern Territory, 0872

T (08) 8956 2171 F (08) 8956 3015

AAT Kings Alice Springs 74 Todd Street, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, 0870

T (08) 8952 1700 F (08) 8952 8028

AAT Kings Darwin Shop 6, 52 Mitchell Street, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0800

T (08) 8923 6555 F (08) 8923 6556

AAT Kings New ZealandT (09) 300 1520F (09) 300 1595

Note: The information provided in this document is intended to give a general overview of the destinations you will visit. Information provided is subject to change without notice and is dependent on a variety of factors.

unforgettable skippers canyon in queenstownYou are picked up from your hotel in a comfortable minibus bound for Skippers Canyon which is only 30 km away. You visit this secluded area in small groups of 9 passengers. Your local guide provides a commentary about the Goldrush Heritage and serves some refreshments with cheese. Plenty of photo stops and short walks make this experience truly unforgettable.

Queenstown Heritage Tours Ltd.Email: active@qht.co.nz Web: http://www.queenstown-heritage.co.nz

City&LakesTours

Bookings Essential Ph 07 345 6522www.rotoruaducktours.co.nz

A FUN ADVENTURE ALL AGES WILL ENJOY

We provide a great introduction to Rotorua, its history and its people with our fully guided sightseeing and informational tours.

DUKW’s (“ducks” as they are affectionately known) were originally an amphibious landing vehicle developed during World War II.

Two different tours available.Hotel pickups available for Tour Groups.

DucktoursAATad190x116.indd 1 12/12/11 1:23 PM

New Zealand

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THE IBEST 4X4 TOUR IBY FAR

New Zealand

Enjoy the spectacular AIR SAFARIS 50 minute “Grand Traverse” �ightseeing tour of Aoraki/Mount Cook and glaciers

from LAKE TEKAPO, highlights include:Aoraki/Mount Cook & Mount Tasman, Tasman & Murchison glaciers

Franz Josef & Fox glaciers plus much more!!

Flying from Lake Tekapo since 1970

LAKE TEKAPO - MOUNT COOK REGIONFREEPHONE 0800 806 880

www.airsafaris.co.nz

Ranked #1

*

*Rankers.co.nz - December 2011

Mount Cook/Mackenzie Experience

An AAT Kings Highlight

AIR SAFARISOPERATING FOROVER 40 YEARS

Two uniquely New Zealand experiences exploring the •‘World Heritage’ wilderness of the Mt Aspiring National Park

The Wilderness Safari - a half day trip combining an •exhilarating jet boat journey with an informative guided walk through ancient native forest and a back-country 4WD safari trip

The Funyak Safari - a full day trip offering the speed of a •wilderness jet boat ride up the Dart River then paddle back downstream in our Funyak canoes exploring hidden side-streams, full wilderness buffet lunch included.

Complimentary return shuttles operate ex Queenstown or •self-drive to Glenorchy

Queenstown Info Centre: Cnr Camp & Shotover Sts , Queenstown - or - Dart Visitor Centre: Mull St, Glenorchy Free phone: 0800 327 853 Email: reservations@dartriverjetsafaris.co.nz Web: www.dartriverjetsafaris.com

TM

World famous as the ultimate jet boat experience, Shotover Jet has thrilled over 3 million people since 1970, and now it’s your turn! Take a unique breathtaking ride through dramatic and narrow canyons, and hold on tight for Queenstown’s only exhilarating full 360˚ spins. Can you handle the canyons?

ReSeRvaTionS eSSenTial Shotover River Base, arthurs Pt, Queenstown Phone: 0800 SHoToveR email: reservations@shotoverjet.co.nz Web: www.shotoverjet.com

New Zealand

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Cruise in style in a 1937 convertible soft-top Chevrolet bus viewing fine art created by renowned New Zealand artists in their personal galleries, visit historic areas in the Queenstown-Arrowtown area and taste local cuisine. The scenery is breathtaking.Address: Telephone: Facsimile: Email: WebSite:

P.O Box 552, Queenstown.64 3 409 857864 3 409 8579info@remarkableexperience.comwww.remarkableexperience.com

Remarkable ExperienceUnique Art Wine & Heritage Tour

New Zealand

discover the haastexperience real New Zealand

The Red Barn, Haast Junction. Bookings essential. Freephone: 0800 865 382 www.haastriver.co.nz

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PO Box 293 • Paihia • Bay of Islands • New Zealand

0800 4 SALTAIR (0800 4 725 8247)info@saltair.co.nz www.saltair.co.nz

Cape Reinga Fly / Drive Half Day Scenic Flight TourScenic flights exploring Northland's spectacular east and west coasts andthe world famous 90 mile beach - including a guided vehicle tour of CapeReinga region. Tour duration approximately five hours. Departs twice daily.NZ$425.00 per person including GST

Bay of Islands & Hole in the Rock Helicopter Scenic Flight Departs from Paihia waterfront at Salt Air’s helipad. Fly over thespectacular Bay of Islands, out to the famous 'Hole in the Rock' at CapeBrett and over the local towns such as Russell, and Paihia.NZ$230.00 per person including GST

Heli Cruise Island EscapeExperience the Bay of Islands with our spectacular Heli Island Cruiseadventure. Depart Paihia for a scenic helicopter flight before landing onour custom-built Floating Helipad in the heart of the Bay of Islands.Boarding our Sea Shuttle, you are taken to the “island of choice” to partakein either hiking, fishing, snorkelling or just relaxing. We pick you up on theSea Shuttle and take you on an informative tour of the Bay while makingour way back to Paihia.$299.00 per person including GST

Northland - best seen from above

The world’s bestrestaurantwith a view *

*ABC News, 2010

lunch and dinner

Brecon Street,Queenstown

The world’s bestrestaurantwith a view *

*ABC News, 2010

SQ11

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New Zealand

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New Zealand

Auckland

Discover the real Middle-earth on the most picturesque private farmland near Matamata in the North Island of New Zealand, where you can visit the Hobbiton Movie Set from The Lord of the Rings film trilogy in a fascinating two-hour guided tour. Frequent daily departures.

501 Buckland Rd, Hinuera, MatamataP: 07 888 1505 | E: office@hobbitontours.com

W: www.hobbitontours.com

New Zealand

Dunedin, Otago