=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek: =kj; tujFUNt ek:

Mo;thh;fs; thop. mUspr; nray; thop. jho;thJkpy; Futh; jhk; thop. - Vo;ghUk; ca;a. mth;fs; ciuj;jitfs; jhk; thop. nra;a kiw jd;DlNd Nrh;e;J. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 3Mk; ghRuk;) Mo;thh;fs; Vw;wk;. mUspr; nray; Vw;wk;. jho;thJk; ,d;wp mit jhk; tsh;j;Njhh; - Vo; ghUk; ca;a. mth;fs; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; cs;snjy;yhk; itak; mwpag; gfh;Nthk; tha;e;J. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 34Mk; ghRuk;) njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs;. rPh;ik mwpthuhh;. mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w ehjKdp Kjyhk; (Kjyhd) ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy; Ngij kdNk! cz;Nlh NgR. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 36Mk; ghRuk;) Rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; mtjhpj;j Mo;thh;, Mrhh;ah;fs; ngah;fSk; jpUer;rj;jpuq;fSk; fPNo tUkhW : Mo;thh;/Mrhhpah;; jpUehkk; jpUel;rj;jpuk; gf;fk; tLfek;gp mr;tpdp 3 – 7 ca;af;nfhz;lhh; fhh;j;jpif 8 – 10 vq;fsho;thd; Nuh`pzp 11 - 14 vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUthjpiu 15 - 22 Nrhkhrpahz;lhd; jpUthjpiu Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp; [Pah; jpUthjpiu rf;futh;j;jpj;jpUkfd; Gdh;G+rk; 23 – 29 Kjypahz;lhd; Gdh;G+rk 30 – 36 Nfhapy; Fkz;^h; ,isatpy;yp Mr;rhd; Mapy;ak; 37 – 40 Njtg;;ngUkhs; `];jk; 41 - 52 =fplhk;gpahr;rhd; `];jk; kJuftpaho;thh; rpj;jpiu 53 – 61 mee;jho;thd; rpj;jpiu elhJhuk;khs; rpj;jpiu

(76-77)

gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; jpUNthzk; 62 – 68 QhdjPU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp (Xd;whd Mj;jhd; ];thkpapd; jpUf;Fkhuh;)

jpUNthzk;

Xd;whd jpUf;FUq;Fb uhkhE[ [Pah; jpUNthzk; jhjhrhhpah; jpUNthzk; ek;ngUkhs; Nutjp 69 - 75 ,th;fspd; jdpad;, ehs;ghl;L, thopj;jpUehkk; kw;Wk; ,th;fs; mUspAs;s g;uge;jq;fs;, f;ue;jq;fisg; gw;wp fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk; :

=: =kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

=kj; tutuKeNa ek: tLfek;gp - tU\jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu - mr;tpdp

tLfek;gp – ]hyf;uhkk; - mtjhu];jyk;

Gifg;gl cjtp : = rhe;j Fkhh; fypAh; kd;dhh; jdpad; irj;Nu j;t];tpdp ]Q;[hjk; ]k;]huhh;z tjhufk; / uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; Me;j;uG+h;z k`k; gN[// uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; ]hyf;uhk epth]pek; / gQ;rNkhgha ]k;ge;jk; Me;j;uG+h;z k`k;gN[// thopj;jpUehkk; rpj;jpiuapy; m];tdpapy; rpwg;Gld; gpwe;jhd; thopNa kpJd rhy;;f;fpuhk efuj;ij tho;tpj;jhd; thopNa mj;jpfphp mbgdpe;jtdplk; fhjYw;whd; thopNa Mrhhpadd;wp NtW nja;tk; mwpahjtd; thopNa Kf;jp mila Mrhh;ad; ghjNk fjp vd;whd; thopNa ghy; nghq;fpLk; vd;W muq;fidNa ntWj;jhd; thopNa vjpuhrh; kpF mUs;ngw;Wzh;e;Njhd; thopNa tLfek;gp jpUtbfs; CopNjhh; Cop thopNa.

,th; jpUehuhzaGuk; mUfpYs;s ]hyf;uhkk; vd;w Chpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. ,tUf;F Me;j;u G+h;zh; vd;w kw;nwhU jpUehkKk; cz;L. vk;ngUkhdhh; Vw;gLj;jpa 74 rpk;khrdhjpfspy; ,tUk; xUth; Mthh;. ,th; mUspAs;s f;ue;jq;fs; - =uhkhE[ m\;Nlhj;ju]j ehk ];Njhj;uk; (27 ];Nyhfq;fs;), ajpuh[ itgtk; (114 ];Nyhfq;fs;), ajpuh[ kq;fsk; (21 ];Nyhfq;fs;) Mrhh;agf;jpf;F ,tUk; xU vLj;Jf;fhl;L (kJuftaho;thiug; NghNy) ,th; tho;f;ifapy; ele;j rpy epfo;Tfisf; fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;. ,th; ,uhkhD[Uf;F ghyKJ ifq;fh;ak; nra;J te;jhh;. xU cj;]t jpUehspy; ,uT ek;ngUkhs; Gwg;ghL fz;lUsp cilath; klj;J thrypy; vOe;jUSk; NghJ cilath; ngUkhis N]tpf;fg; Nghdhh;. mg;nghOJ tLfek;gpia ngUkhs; Nrtpf;f mioj;jhh;. mjw;F ek;gp `ck;Kila ngUkhis nrtpf;f te;jhy; vd;Dila ngUkhSf;Fg; ghy;nghq;fpg;NghNk’ vd;W nrhd;dhh;. kJuftpaho;thiug;Nghy NjTkw;W mhpahJ cilatNu nja;tk; vd;W ,Ue;jhh;. ,th; cilatUila =ghjjPh;jj;ijf; nfhz;L fPo; ehl;by; gQ;rj;ij Nghf;fpdhh;. cilath; =ghjjPh;j;jk; jtpu NtW =ghjjPh;j;jk; nfhs;tjpy;iy vd;Dk; epajpAk; ,tUf;F cz;L. $uj;jho;thDk; Kjypahz;lhDk; ngUkhsplj;jpYk; cilathplj;jpYk; <LghL nfhz;lth;fs;. mjdhy; ,th;fis `,Ufiuah;’ vd;W tLfek;gp nrhy;Ythh;. ,th; cilathpd; jpUtbr;RtLfis jpde;NjhWk; jpUthuhjdk; nra;thh;. xUehs; ahj;iuf;F Gwg;gLk; nghOJ cilath; jpUthuhjdg;ngUkhisAk; cilath; jpUtbr;RtLfisAk; xd;whff; nfhz;L te;jhh;. ,ijf;fz;L cilath; `tLfh ,njd; nra;jPh;’ vi;W Nfl;f, ek;gpAk; `cq;fs; Njthpy; vd; NjtUf;F vd;d Fiw?’ vd;W nrhy;yp tpl;lhh;. =it\;zth; my;yhj jk;Kila cwtpdh;fs; rpyh; te;J ,tufj;jpNy jq;fpg;Nghdhh;fs;. mth;fs; nrd;wTld; mfj;ijnay;yhk; Rj;jp gz;zp, mth;fs; njhl;l ghj;jpuq;fisAk; cilj;Jg;Nghl;L, mth;fs; te;J ,Ue;jjw;F gpuhar;rpj;jkhf Kjypahz;lhd; mfj;jpy; Giof;filapy; fopj;Jf;fple;j ghz;lq;fis vLj;J te;J jk;kfj;jpy; cgNahfg;gLj;jpdhh; vd;gJ gpurpj;jk;.

vk;ngUkhdhh; jhk; mKJ nra;jUspa Nr\ g;urhjk; g;urhjpf;Fk;NghJ tLfek;gp ,uz;L jpUf;iffspYk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L g;urhjk; ];tPfhuk; gz;zpaTld; ifapy; xl;b cs;s g;urhjj;ij jk; jiyapNy jpUf;iffshy; Jilj;Jf;nfhs;thuhk;. xUehs; vk;ngUkhdhh; ,ijf;fz;L kpfTk; Nfhgpf;f kWehs; cilath; gftj;g;urhjj;ijf; NfhapypNy g;urhjpf;f mij mKJ nra;jgpd; jpUf;if tpsf;fpdhuhk; tLfek;gp. cilath; ,J fz;L tLfh! vd; nra;jha;? vd;d, tLfek;gp New;W mUsr; nra;jgb nra;Njd; vd;d, cilath; ck;kplk; Njhw;Nwhk; vd;W mUspdhuhk;. ,tUila kbapy; Kbia itj;J vk;ghh; Mrhhpad; jpUtb mile;jhh;. tLfek;gp jpUehl;Lf;F Nghdhh; vd;W xUth; mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhhplk; te;J $hpdhh;. ,th; mthplk; `vk;ngUkhdhh; =ghjj;Jf;;Fg; Nghdhh;’ vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W jpUj;jpaUspdhh; cilath; nghpa ngUkhis N]tpf;Fk; nghOJ `tLfh fz; moifg;ghh;’ vd;W nrhd;dhh;. mjw;F ,th; `vd;dKjid (cilatiu)f; fz;l fz;fs; kw;nwhd;wpidf; fhzNt’ vd;W nrhd;dhuhk;. ,t;thwhf vk;ngUkhdhiuj; jtpuj; NjTkw;wwpahjpUe;j ,k;k`hrhhpah; vk;ngUkhdhuJ itgt gukhd ajpuh[itgk; xd;iwNa mUspr;nra;Js;shh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; jpt;a g;uge;jq;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl jk;Kila jpUKbia vk;ghh; njhlapYk; jpUtbia tLfek;gp njhlapYk; itj;Jf; nfhz;L jpUehL myq;fuj;jhh;. ek;ngUkhs; jd;Dila t]e;j kz;lgj;jpy; ,tUila jpUNkdpia vOe;jUsg; gz;z Vw;ghL nra;jhh;. ruNkhghaeph;zak; xUehs; vk;ngUkhdhh; tLfek;gpia mioj;jUsp tLfh! Mrhh;a mgpkhd ep\;ld; vj;ijg;NghNy ,Ug;ghd; vd;W Nfl;f Ntk;gpd; GOg;NghNy ,Ug;gd; vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;. mjhtJ Ntk;gpd; GO Ntk;gd;wpAz;zhJ vd;fpwgbNa Mrhh;ad; mgpkhdj;jpNyNa xJq;fp ,Ug;ghd; rp\;ad;.

jpUf;FWq;Fb ek;gp; tLfek;gp cUtj;jpy; te;J cilatUf;F cjTjy; Nfushtpy; tp\;lhj;itj kjj;ijg; gwg;Gtjw;fhf vk;ngUkhdhUk; tLfek;gp cs;gl gy rp\;ah;fSk; jpUtde;jGuk; nrd;W Nrh;e;jdh;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpAw;w mde;jgj;gdhgDf;F G+i[ nra;Ak; ek;G+j;hpfs; ngUkhsplk; vk;ngUkhdhh; ,e;jf; Nfhapiy tp\;lhj;itjkj nfhs;iffis gpd;gw;Wk; Nfhapyhf kw;wf;$lhJ (ghQ;ruj;jpu M`kk;) vd;W Ntz;bf;nfhz;ldh;. ngUkhSk; ,jw;F cWjpaspj;jhh;. md;W ,uT vk;ngUkhdhh; cwq;fpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ngUkhs; fUldplk; `,tiu jpUf;FWq;Fbapy; XLk; \puhg;jp Mw;wq;fiuapy; (ek;gp MW) gfy; tpbtjw;f;Fs; ahUk; mwpahtifapy; nfhz;L tpl;L thUk;’ vd;W $wpdhh;. fUlDk; ,tiu mq;F ,wf;fptpl;L te;J tpl;lhh;;. fhiyapy; fz; tpopj;J ghh;j;jNghJ `jhk; jpUtde;jGuj;jpy; ,y;iy’ vd;W czh;e;jhh;. mJ =it\;zek;gp vOe;jUspapUf;ff;$ba jpUf;FWq;Fb vd;fpw jpt;aNjrk; vd;gij njhpe;J nfhz;L `tLfek;gp’ vd;w cwj;jFwypy; $g;gpl;lhh;. clNd =it\;zek;gpNa tLfek;gpahf mq;F te;J vk;ngUkhdhh; me;j Mw;wpy; ePuhLtjw;F Ntz;ba cjtpfs; nra;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; ePuhhbagpwF ngUkhs; mtUf;F fh\ha Nt\;biaf; nfhLj;jhh;.

jpde;NjhWk; vk;ngUkhdhh; ePuhlhba cld; jhk; Jthjr Ch;j;Jt Gz;luk; mzpe;j gpwF tLfek;gpf;Fk; mij ,l;LtpLtJ tof;fk;. =it\;zek;gpAk; ntFehl;fshf vk;ngUkhdhh; jdf;F Ch;j;Jt Gz;luk; mzptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjph;ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bapUe;jhh;. me;jj; jUdk; md;W jhd; te;jJ. vk;ngUkhdhh; jhk; mzpe;j nfhz;l cld; =it\;zek;gpia (tLfek;gp tbtpy; ,Ue;;j) mioj;jhh;. mtUk;; ve;j jaf;fKk; ,y;yhky; Ch;j;Jt Gz;luk; vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUf;iffshy; mzptpj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. ,jd; gpwF =it\;zek;gp (tLfek;gp tbtpy; ,Ue;;j) <ukhd fh\haNt\;bia %q;fpy; $ilapy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L vk;ngUkhdhUld; jpUf;FWq;Fb NfhapYf;Fs; nrd;whh;. mq;F vk;ngUkhdhh; njh[];jk;gj;jpd; mUfpy; fPNo jz;ld; rkh;gpj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;NghJ =it\;zek;gp me;j %q;fpy; $ilia mq;Nf itj;Jtpl;L kiwe;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; tLfek;gpiaNa kwe;Jtpl;L =it\;zek;gpapd; %y];jhdj;ij mile;jhh;. mq;F =it\;zek;gpia Nrtpj;jNghJ mth; jpUKfj;jpy; ,lg;gl;bUe;j jpUkz;fhg;G jhk; tLfek;gpf;F ,l;lJNghyNt ,Ue;jjhYk; mq;F tLfek;gpia fhzhjjhYk; tLfek;gp cUtj;jpy; te;jth; =it\;zek;gpNa vd;W czh;e;J kpfTk; kfpo;e;jhh;. jpUttju];jyk; - Nky; ehl;by; jpUehuazGuj;Jf;F Nky; ]hyf;uhkk;. jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - ]hyf;uhkIad; jpUehkq;fs; - tLfek;gp, gQ;rNkhgha ]k;ge;jh; Mrhhah; - vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUthuhjdk; - vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfs; ,th; guik fhe;jpaha; Mrhh;a mgpkhd ep\;luha; ,Uf;ifahNy ,tUf;F ,Ug;gplk; vk;ngUkhdhh; re;epjpNa. (NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp ntspapl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgtkQ;[hp E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ) tLfek;gp jpUtbfNs ruzk;. thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

=: =kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

=kj; tutuKeNa ek: ca;af;nfhz;lhh; - tU\jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu – fhh;j;jpif

ca;af;nfhz;lhh; - jpUnts;siw -mtjhu];jyk;

jdpad; Nk\khN] ]Nuh[hr\k; fpUj;jpfh [hjkh];uNa / ehjNahfp gjhk;Ngh[ j;te;j;tg;utz khe]k; // ek: gq;f[ Nej;uha ehj =ghjgq;fN[ / e;a];j ]h;t guhah];kj; Fyehjha jPkNj // ek];ahk;autpe;jhr\k; ehjghNt t;at];jpjk; / ]{j;j]j;;;t kak; n]sNu utjhu kpthguk; //

thopj;jpehkk; thynta;Nahd;jiz ntd;w tbtofd; thopNa khy; kzf;fhy; ek;gp njhO kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa rPykpF ehjKdp rPUiug;Nghd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; fhh;j;jpif ehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa ehypuz;L ikiae;Jk; ekf;Fiuj;jhd; thopNa ehnyl;bDg;nghUis elj;jpdhd; thopNa khyuq;f kzthsh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa itaKa;af;nfhz;lth; jhs; itafj;jpy; thopNa. Fwpg;G : ehypuz;L – jpUntl;nlOj;J, Iiae;J – 25 mr\uKs;s j;tak; Ehnyl;L -32 mr\uKs;s ruk];Nyhfk;, u`];aj;uaKk; nrhd;dgb ca;af;nfhz;lhh; mUspAs;s jpUg;ghit jdpad;fs; md;dtaw; GJit ahz;lhs;. muq;fw;Fg; gd;DjpUg;ghitg; gy;gjpak; - ,d;dpirahy; ghbf;nfhLj;jhs; ew;ghkhiy. G+khiy #bf; nfhLj;jhisr; nrhy;Y. #bf;nfhLj;j Rlh;f;nfhbNa !. njhy;ghit ghb aUsty;y gy;tisaha; - ehbeP Ntq;fltw; nfd;id tpjpnad;w tpk;khw;wk; ehk; flth tz;zNk ey;F. mtjhu];jyk; - jpUnts;siw jpUehkk; - Gz;lhPfhr\h; Mrhhpad; - =ke;ehjKdpfs; rp\;ah;fs; - kzf;fhy;ek;gp, jpUty;ypf;Nfzp ghz;ngUkhs; miuah;, Nrl;lYhh; nrz;lyq;fhujh]h;, =Gz;lhPfjh]h;, Nfhklk; jpUtpz;zfug;gd;, cyfngUkhs; eq;if ,tUila mtjhu];jykhd jpUnts;siwapd; ngUik jr\pzNjrk; KOtJk; fhlhapUe;j fhyj;jpNy =uhkgpuhDf;Fk; Kd;Ndhdha;, ruzkile;j GwhTf;fhfj; jd; cliyNa jpahfk; nra;aj; Jzpe;jtdhd rpgpr;rf;uth;j;jp tho;e;j fhyj;jpNy, fq;if aKid ghAk; kj;jpagpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3700 G+h;trpf =it\;zt g;uh`;kz FLk;gq;fs; jpUnts;siwapy; te;J FbNahp mq;F Nfhapy; nfhz;L vOe;jUspapUe;j Gz;lhPfhr\g; ngUkhSf;F ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J te;jdh;. ,g;gb Mjpfhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l jpUnts;siw jpt;aNjrk; ,d;Wk; [dq;fshy; Mjp jpUnts;siw vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jyk; nghpaho;thh;, jpUkq;ifaho;thuhy; kq;fshrh]dk; nra;ag;ngw;w ngUikaia cilaJ.

,tuJ mtjhu Fyg;ngUik Nrho Njrj;jpw;F Mjpfhyj;jpy; te;jth;fshd G+h;trpf =it\;zt g;uh`;kzh;fs; Fyj;jpNy mtjhpj;jUspath; gukhrhh;auhd ca;af;nfhz;lhh;. Gz;lhPfhr\h; ca;af;nfhz;lhh; MdJ =ke;ehjKdpfspd; rp\;ah;fspy; =Gz;lhPfhr\Uk;, FUiff;fhtyg;gDk; Kf;fpakhdth;fs;. =ke;ehjKdpfsplk; ,uz;L epjpfs; ,Ue;jd;. gftj;g;uhg;jpf;F cWg;ghd gf;jpNahfk; xd;W. gfj;];t&g&gFz tpG+jpfisj; njspag;NgRk; ehyhapuk; ghRuq;fisAila jpt;a g;uge;jq;fs; kw;nwd;W. Kjy; epjpahNy Nrjdd; jhd; xUtd; Nkhr\kila KbAk;. ,uhz;lhtjhNy cyifNa ca;tpf;f Kbak;. ,tw;wpy; vjpy; cq;fSf;F Ntz;Lk; vd;W FUiff;fhtyg;gid tpdtpdhh; =ke;ehjKdpfs;. gf;jpNahfj;ijg; ngw;W ca;e;J NghfpNwd; vd;whh; mth;. mg;gbNa cgNjrk; ngw;W ca;e;J Nghdhh; FUiff;fhtyg;gd;. ePUk; Nahfj;ijNa ngw;Wg; NghfpwPNuh? vd;W =Gz;lhPfhr\iuAk; tpdtpdhh; =ke;ehjKdpfs;. gpzq;fplf;f kzk; Gzh;thh; cz;Nlh? cyfNk Mj;keh]k; mile;J gpzf;fhlaha; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mbNad; xUtd; kl;Lk; vk;ngUkhNdhL Mj;k tpth`k; nra;J nfhz;L Nkhr\kiltJ rhpahFNkh? mbNad; vg;gbahdhYk; gutpapy;iy cyfk; ca;Ak;gb jpt;ag;uge;jq;fis mbNaDf;F cgNjrpg;gPh; vd;whh; mg;nghpath;. ,ijf;Nfl;l =ke;ehjKdpfs; mtiu thhpaidj;Jf;nfhz;L Gz;lhPfhr\Nu! ePNu cyifAk; cyif cilatdhd ehuhazidAk; mtidr; nrhy;Yk; mUspr;nray;fisAk; mijg;ngw;w vd;idAk; ca;af;nfhz;lth;. ck;khNyNa jhd; mUk;ghLgl;Lg; ngw;w mj;jkpo; kiwfs; cyfk; vq;Fk; gutp midtiuAk; ca;tpf;fg;Nghfpd;wd. ,d;W Kjy; ePh; ca;af;nfhz;lhh; vd;w jpUehkj;jhNy gpurpj;jp ngw;W tpsq;ff;fltPh; vd;W cgNjrpj;jhh;. ca;af;nfhz;lhUila ,j;jifa Raeyk;Ngzhj gue;j kdg;ghd;ikahNy ,d;W ehk; mUspr;nray;fshNy ca;e;J NghfpNwk;. ,tUf;F ek;kho;thplkpUe;J ngw;w ehyapu jpt;a gpuge;jj;ij mUspr;nra;jhh;. ca;af;nfhz;lhh; jk;Kila rp\;ah;fs; %yk; jpt;ag;uge;jq;fisAk; itzt rh];j;uq;fisAk; cyfpy; gug;gpdhh;. gtp\;ajhrhh;a tpf;u`j;ij kzf;fhy;ek;gpaplk; xg;gilj;jy; ca;af;nfhz;lhh; jpUNkdp jsh;e;J jpUehl;Lf;F vOe;jUSk; jUzj;jpy; kzf;fhy;ek;gpiaAk; kw;w rp\;ah;fisAk; mioj;J `,dp kzf;fhy;ek;gpNa ek; jh;rdj;ij cyfnky;yhk; gug;g top nra;thh;’ vd njhptpj;J =ke;ehjKdpfs; jk;kplk; nfhLj;jpUe;j gtp\;ajhrhh;a tpf;u`j;ij kzf;fhy;ek;gpaplk; nfhLj;J `=ke;ehjKdpfSf;F aKidj;Jiwth; vd;fpw Ngud; mtjhpf;fg; Nghfpwhh.; mthplk; ,e;j tpf;u`j;ij nfhLj;J mth; %yk; ,e;j jh;rdj;ij tsh;f;Fk;gb nra;tPh;’ vd;W njhptpj;jhh;. (NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp ntspapl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgtkQ;[hp E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ) ca;af;nfhz;lhh; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

vq;fsho;thd; - tU\jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu – Nuhfpzp

vq;fsho;thd; (jpUtbapy; elhJhuk;khs;) - jpUnts;siw -mtjhu];jyk;

jdpad; =tp\;Z rpj;j gjgq;f[ ]q;fkha NrNjh kk ];g;U`aNj fpkj: gNuz / Neh Nre;kkhgp ajpNrfu ghujPehk; ght: fjk; gtpJkh;`jp thf;tpNja : //

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,th; mUspAs;s f;ue;jq;fs; 74 ]pk;`hrehjpgjpfspy; xUtuha; vk;ngUkhdhuhy; epakpf;fngw;w ,th; =tp\;ZGuhzj;jpw;F tp\;Z rpj;jPak; vd;Dk; t;ahf;ahdj;ijAk;, ]pj;jhe;j g;uNkaq;fisr; RUf;fp g;NuNka ]q;f;u`k; vd;Dk; f;ue;jj;ijAk;, g;u`;k]{j;uj;jpd; mjpfuzq;fspd; ]q;fjpia (njhlh;r;rpia) tpsf;fp ]q;fjpkhyh vd;Dk; f;ue;jj;ijAk,; fj;a t;ahf;ahdk; xd;iwAk; tlnkhopapy; vOjpcs;shh;. kzpg;uthseilapy; ]huhh;j;j rJ\;lak; vd;Dk; u`];ak; thh;j;jhkhiyapy; xU thh;j;ijahf cs;sJ. ,tw;wpy; =tp\;ZGuhz t;ahf;ahdk; xd;Nw ,g;NghJ cs;sJ. ,tiu `mk;khs; Mrhhpad;’ vd;W miog;gjd; fhuzk; xUehs; ehlhJhuk;khs; elhJhh; Mo;thdplk; =gh\;a fhyf;N\gk; nrhy;Yk;gb Nfl;lhh;. mjw;F mth;, (KJikapd; fhuzkhf), eP jpUnts;siw nrd;W vq;fsho;thdplj;jpy; fw;Wf; nfhs; vd;W nrhd;dhh;. mjd;gb ehlhJhuk;khSk; vq;fsho;thd; jpUkhspiff;Fr; nrd;W fjitj; jl;bdhh;. cs;spUe;J vq;fsho;thd; ahh; te;jpUg;gJ vd;W Nfl;f mjw;F ehlhJhuk;khs; `ehd; jhd; te;jpUf;fpNwd;’ vd;W gjpy; nrhd;dhh;. ,ijf; Nfl;l clNd vq;fsho;thd; `ehd; nrj;j gpwF thUk;’ vd;W gjpy; $wpdhh;. ehd; vd;Dk; m`q;fhuk; nrj;j gpwF th vd;w cl;fUj;ij mwpahj tujh; fhQ;rpGuj;jpw;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;W elhJhh; Mo;thdplk; ele;j tw;iw vy;yhk; nrhd;dhh;. ,ijf; Nfl;l elhJhh; Mo;thd; nghpath;fsplk; khpahijahfg; NgrNtz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;yp `ehd; vd;gjw;F gjpyhf mbNad;’ vd;W nghpNahh;fsplk; ngsakhf NgrNtz;Lk; vd;W mwpTwpj;jp, ,tiu kPz;Lk; jpUnts;siwf;F NghFk;gb nrhy;yp, mth; Nfl;gjw;F mbNad; vd;W gjpy; nrhy;yr; nrhd;dhh;. mjd;gb ,tUk; mthplk; ele;J nfhz;lhh;. vq;fsho;thDk; ,tiu jk; rp\;auhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L gftj;tp\aj;ij ,tUf;F mUspdhh;. ,jdhy; vq;fsho;thd; ehlhJhuk;khSf;F Mrhhpad; Mdhh;. mjd; fhuzkhfNt vq;fsho;thd; mk;khs; Mrhhpah; vd;W miof;fg;lhh;. ehlhJhuk;khSk; ,thplk; Nfl;l gftj;tp\aj;ij jk;Kila gy rp\;ah;fSf;Fk; Njtg;ngUkhs; rd;djpapy; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jhh;. ,th; jpUtk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;jth;fs; `mk;khs; Mrhh;ah;’ vd;W miof;fLfpwh;fs;. vq;fsho;thd; rp\;ah;fspy; ehlhJhuk;khs; Kjd;ik Mdhth;.

ehlhJhuk;khs; mUspa jj;t]huk; vd;Dk; f;ue;jj;jpy; vq;fsho;thd; ngUikiaf; $Wk; =tp\;Zrpj;j vd;W njhlq;Fk; Kjy; ];NyhfNk ,tUf;Fj; jdpadha; mike;Js;sJ. ,j;jdpad; NkNy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUnts;siuapYk;, jpUtuq;fj;jpYk; ,e;j jpUtk;rj;jpy;; te;jth;fs; gy ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J tUfpwhh;fs;. mth;fSs; th;j;jkhd = c.Nt mk;khs; n]sk;a ehuhazhrhhpahh; ];thkpAk; xUth; Mthh;. ,tUk; gy f;ue;j Ehy;fSf;F ciu vOjpAk;, gy Ehy;fs; vOjpAk; =it\;z rk;g;ujhaj;ij tsh;j;J tUfpwhh;. ,th; Mrhh;agPlj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L gQ;r]k;];fhuk; nra;J gy rp\;ah;fis c[;[Ptpg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;. NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspAl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgkQ;[hpy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. vq;fsho;thd; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh;, N]hkhrpahz;lhd;, Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp [Pah; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu - jpUthjpiu

jhd;cfe;j jpUNkdp - =ngUk;G+Jhh;

jkh;cfe;j jpUNkdp – Nky;Nfhl;il

jhdhd jpUNkdp - =uq;fk;

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rq;fu ghw;fuahjt ghl;lg; gpughfuh; jq;fs; kjk; rha;Tw thjpah; kha;Fth; vd;W rJkiw tho;jpL ehs; ntq;fyp ,q;fpdp tPW ekf;fpiy vd;W kpfj; jsh; ehs; Nkjpdp ek; Rik MWk; vdj;Jah; tpl;L tpaq;fpa ehs; kq;ifauhsp guhq;Fr Kd;dth; tho;T Kisj;jpL ehs; kd;dpa njd;duq;fhGhp khkiy kw;Wk; cte;jpL ehs; nrq;fay; thtpfs; #o; tay; ehSk; rpwe;j ngUk;G+Jhh;r; rPkhd; ,isaho;thh; te;jUspa ehs; jpUthjpiu ehNs. *,e;j thopj;jpUehkk; jhd; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh Nfhapy;fspYk; rhw;W Kiwapd; NghJ mDre;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; mUspAs;s f;ue;jq;fs; 1. fPjh gh\;ak; 2. = gh\;ak; 3. Ntjhj;j rq;fufk; 4. Ntjhe;j rhuhk; 5. Ntjhe;j jPghk; 6. fj;aj;uak; 7. epj;ja f;ue;jk; (jpUthuhjdf; fpukk;) vk;ngUkhdhh; vd;W ngah; tuf;fhuzk; (Mwhapug;gb FUguk;guhg;ghtk;) u`];ahh;j;j tpNr\q;fis Nfl;L njhpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf cilath; jpUf;Nfh\;bA+h; ek;gpfsplk; nrd;whh;. ,tUld; $uj;jho;tDk;, Kjypahd;lhDk; nrd;wdh;. mth; `,g;nghOJ nrhy;y KbahJ’ vd;W $wp ,tiu jpUg;gp =uq;fj;jpw;;Nf NghFk;gb nrhy;yp tpl;lhh;. ,t;thW 17 jlit jpUf;Nfh\;bA+h; nrd;W te;jhh;. 18Mk; jlit nry;Yk; NghJ, ek;gp ,tUf;F nghpa jpUke;jpuj;jpd; mh;j;j tpNr\q;fis vy;yhk; nrhd;dhh;. gpwF ek;gp ,thplk; ,e;j ufrpaj;ij vthplKk; nrhy;yf; $lhJ vd;W rj;jpak; thq;fpf; nfhz;lhh;. kWehs; fhiyapy; cilath; jpUf;Nfh\;bA+h; vk;ngUkhdhd njw;;fho;thh; jpUNthyf;fj;jpNy mq;F FOkpapUe;j =it\;zth;fsplj;jpy; jpUke;jpuj;jpd; mh;j;jj;ij mUspr;nra;jUspdhh;. ,jidf;Nfs;tpAw;w ek;gp cilathplk; `vd;dplk; nfhLj;j cWjp nkhopia Vd; kPwpdPh;’ vd;W Nfs;tp Nfl;lhh;. ,jw;F cilath; `ehd; nrhy;ypaijf; Nfl;L Mapuf;fzf;fhd Nghpd; Mj;kh gukgjk; milal;Lk;, ehd; kl;Lk; FUtpd; thh;j;ijia kPwpajw;;fhf eufj;jpw;F Nghdhy; guthapy;iy vd;W epidj;J’ ,t;thW nrhd;Ndd; vd;W $wpdhh;. ,e;j thh;j;ijfisf; Nfl;l ek;gpfs; ,e;jg; gu]k;Uj;jp ekf;Ff; $bw;wpy;iyNa! vd;W epidj;J, ,e;j jpahfr;nraiyg; ghuhl;b vk;ngUkhdhNu! thUk; vd;W vLj;J mizj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. ,Jtiuapy; ,j;jh;]ek; gukitjpf]pj;jhe;jk; vd;wpUe;jJ. ,d;W Kjy; vk;ngUkhdhh; jh;rdk; vd;Dq;Nfhs; vd;W

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];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh;, N]hkhrpahz;lhd;, Ml;nfhz;ltpy;yp [Pah; jpUtbfNs ruzk; thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a

=: =kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

=kj; tutuKeNa ek: Nfhapy; =uhketkp – rpj;jpiu Rf;y gr\ etkp

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Ngaho;thh; - %d;whk; - jpUte;jhjp - 52Mk; ghRuk; va;jhd;kuhku NkOk; ,uhkdha; va;jhdk;khd; kwpiaVe;jpiof;fha; - va;jJTk; njd;dpyq;iff;Nfhd;tPo, nrd;W FwSUtha; Kd;dpyq;iff;nfhz;lhd;Kad;W. jpUkopirg;gpuhd; ehd; Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 28Mk; ghRuk; ,Jtpyq;ifaPlopaf; fl;baNrJ ,Jtpyq;FthypiatPo;j;jJ - ,Jtpyq;if jhndhLq;ftpy;Elq;fj; jz;jhhpuhtzid CndhLq;fnta;jhDfg;G. jpUr;re;jtpUj;jk; - 32Mk; ghRuk; Fuf;fpdg;gilnfhL Fiuflypd; kPJNgha; muf;fuq;fuq;f ntQ;ruk;Jue;jMjpeP ,uf;fkz;nfhLj;jtw;F ,Uf;f xd;Wkpd;wpNa guf;fitj;jse;Jnfhz;l gw;gghjdy;iyNa? ek;kho;thh; jpUtpUj;jk; 77Mk; ghRuk; jpq;fsk;gps;isGyk;g. jd;nrq;NfhyuRgl;l nrq;fsk;gw;wp epd;nws;FGd;khiy. njd;ghypyq;if ntq;fsQ;nra;jek;tpz;Nzhh;gpuhdhh; Joha;Jizah eq;fiskhiknfhs;thd;. te;JNjhd;wpeypfpd;wNj. nghpajpUte;jhjp – 17Mk; ghRuk; #o;e;jbahh; Ntz;bdf;fhy; Njhd;whJtpl;lhYk; tho;e;jpLth; gpd;Dk; jk;tha;jpwthh.; #o;e;njq;Fk; ths;tiufs;Nghyuf;fd; td;jiyfs;jhkpba jhs;tiu tpy;Nye;jpdhh;jhk;. jpUtha;nkhop - 7Mk; gj;J 5Mk; jpUtha;nkhop 1Mk; ghRuk; fw;ghh; ,uhkgpuhiday;yhy; kw;Wk; fw;gNuh? Gw;ghKjyhg; Gy;nyWk;ghjp xd;wpd;wpNa ew;ghyNahj;jpapy;thOk; ruhruk;Kw;wTk; ew;ghYf;F ca;j;jdd; ehd;Kfdhh; ngw;w ehl;LNs.

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njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; jpUkhiy – 11Mk; ghRuk; xUtpy;yhy; xq;F Ke;ePuilj;J cyfq;fSa;a nrUtpNy muf;fh;Nfhidr;nrw;w ek;Nrtfdhh; kUtpanghpaNfhtpy; kjps;jpUtuq;fnkd;dh fUtpNy jpUtpyhjPh;! fhyj;ijf;fopf;fpd;wPNu. jpUgs;spnaOr;rp - 4Mk; ghRuk; Nkl;bsNkjpfs; jistpLk;Mah;fs; Nta;q;FoNyhirAk; tpilkzpf;FuYk; <l;ba,irjpir gue;jd taYs; ,hpe;jdfRUk;gpdk;, ,yq;ifah;Fyj;ij thl;ba thprpiy thdtNuNw! khKdpNts;tpiaf;fhj;J. mtgpujk; Ml;ba mLjpwyNahj;jpnak;kuNr! muq;fj;jk;kh! gs;spnaOe;jUshNa. jpUghzho;thh; - mkyehjpgpuhd; - 4Mk; ghRuk; rJukh kjps; #o; ,yq;iff;fpiwtd; jiy gj;J cjpu xl;b. Xh; ntq;fiz ca;j;jtd; xj tz;zd; kJuhkh tz;L ghl khkapy; Mluq;fj;jk;khd;. jpUtapw;W cjuge;jk; vd; cs;sj;Js; epd;W cyhfpd;wNj. jpUkq;ifaho;thh; nghpa jpUnkhop - gj;jhk; gj;J – 3Mk; jpUnkhop – 1Mk; ghRuk; Vj;Jfpd;Nwk; ehj;jOk;g ,uhkd; jpUehkk; Nrhj;jek;gP! Rf;fPhpth! ck;ikj;njhOfpd;Nwk; thh;j;ij NgrPh; vk;ik cq;fs;thduk; nfhy;yhNk $j;jh;Nghy MLfpd;Nwhk; FokzpJuNk. jpUf;FWe;jhz;lfk; - 2Mk; ghRuk; fhw;wpidg;Gdiyj;jPiaf; fbkjpspyq;ifnrw;w Vw;wpid. ,kak;Nka vopy;kzpj;jpuis. ,d;g thw;wpidmKje;jd;id mTzdhUapiuAz;l $w;wpid. Fzq;nfhz;Lcs;sk;! $WeP$WkhNw.

jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 20Mk; guRuk; NjuhSk; thsuf;fd; nry;tk;khsj; njd;dpyq;if Kd;kyq;fr;nre;jPnahy;fp Nghuhsdhapue;Njhs;thzd;khsg; nghUfliy muz;fle;JGf;Fkpf;f ghuhsd;. ghhple;JghiuAz;L ghUkpo;e;Jghuse;J ghiuahz;l Nguhsd;. NgNuhJk;ngz;iz kz;Nky; ngUe;jtj;jnsd;wy;yhy;NgryhNk? jpUntO$w;wpUf;if xUKiw ,URlh; kPjpdpypaq;fh Kk;kjpspyq;if ,Ufhy; tisa Xurpiy nahd;wpa <n uapw;woy;tha; thspapd; ml;lid rpwa jpUkly; Muhypyq;if nghbnghbahtPo;e;;jJ ? …. 26 nghpajpUkly; kd;ddpuhtzidkhkz;LntQ;rkj;J nghd;Kbfs;gj;Jk; Gusr;ruk;Jue;J ….. 98 jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - ,uhkhErEw;we;jhjp - 37Mk; ghRuk; gbnfhz;lfPh;j;jp ,uhkhaznkd;Dk; gf;jpnts;sk; Fbnfhz;lNfhapypuhkhDrd; Fzq;$Wk;. md;gh; fbnfhz;l khkyh;j;jhs; fye;Js;sq;fdpAk; ey;Nyhh; mbfz;Lnfhz;Lfe;J. vd;idAk; Msth;f;fhf;fpdNu. mUshsg;ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; mUspa Qhd]uuk; - 10Mk; ghRuk; ehS Kyif eypfpd;w thsuf;fd; NjhSk; jiyAk; Jzpj;jtd;jd; - jhspy; nghUe;jhjh Us;sj;Jg; G++kle;ij Nfs;td; ,Ue;jhYk; Ks;Nk tpUg;G.

kzthskhKdpfs; mUspAs;s jpUtha;nkhop E}w;we;jhjp – 65Mk; ghRuk; fw;Nwhh; fUJk; tpraq;fSf;nfy;yhk; gw;whk; tpgtFzg; gz;Gfis - cw;Wzh;e;J kz;zpYs;Nshh; jk;kpoit tha;e;Jiuj;j khwd; nrhy; gz;zpypdpjhd jkpo;g;gh. ,uhgpuhdJ mtjhuj;ij fk;gh; ghyfhz;lk; (jpUt.t. 103) ghlypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sij fPNo fhz;Nghk;. xUgfy; cynfyhk; cjuj;Jl;nghjpe;(J) mUkiwf;F czh;tUk; mtid mQ;rdf; fUKfpy; nfhOe;J vopy;fhl;Lk; Nrhjpiaj; jpUTwg; gae;jds; jpwq;nfhs; Nfhriy. Copf;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; ahitAk; jd;tapw;wpy; itj;Jf; fhj;jtd; ehuhazd;. ehd;kiwfshy; mwpaKbahjtd;. ikapd; moifAk; fUNkf moifAk; fhl;Lfpd;w xsptbtpddhd jpUkhiy cyfj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; ,k;ik kWikr; nry;tq;fisg; ngWk;gb Nfhriy ngw;whs; vd;W $Wtjhy; jpUkhNy ];U\;b, ];jpjp, ]k;`huhq;fisr;nra;gtd;. me;j ehuhazNd ,uhkdhf mtjhpj;jhd; vd;W fk;gh; cWjp gLj;Jfpwhh;. NkNy nrhd;d fk;guhkhazj;ijg; gw;wpa tp\ak; = c.Nt N.S. fpU\;zd; ];thkp vOjpAs;s mUspr;nray; mKjKk; njhy;Gfo; mKjKk; vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; uhkha uhkgj;uha uhkre;juha NtjN` uFehjha ehjha ]Pjhah: gjNa ek: kq;fsk; Nfh]Nye;j;uha k`ePa Fzhj;kNe / rf;uth;j;jp jEh[ha ]hh;t ngskha kq;fsk; // =rPjh rNkj =uhkh; jpUtbfNs ruzk;. thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

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Kjypahz;ljDk; kpsfho;thDk; kpsfho;thd; nghpa tpj;thdhf ,Ue;jhh;. xUrkak; ,th; Kjypahz;lhdplj;jpy; thjj;Jf;F te;jhh;. thjj;jpd; epge;jid vd;wntd;why; thjj;jpy; Njhw;gth; kw;wtiuNjhspy; Rkf;f Ntz;Lk;. kpsfho;thd; thjj;jpy; Njhw;whh;. Mifahy; Kjypahd;lhDila ghjq;fis jiyapy; Vw;whh;. Kjypahz;lhd; ,tiu cilathplk; Mr;uapf;fr; nra;jhh;. cilatUk; ,tiu jk; rp\;auhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;L ey;y nfsutk; nfhLj;jhh;. ,tiu 74 rpk;khrehjpgjpfspy; XUtuhf;fpdhh;. Kjypahz;lhd; kpsfho;thdplk; `ePh; Vd; mbf;fb jpUthidf;fhtYf;F (rpt ];jtk;) nry;fPwph; ?;’ vd;W Nfl;lhh;. mjw;F ,th; `ehd; mth;fSf;F gftj; rk;ge;jkhd thh;j;ijfs; nrhy;Ntd;. mjdhhy; mth;fisj; jpUj;jpg; gz; nfhs;Ntd;’ vd;whh;. mjw;F Kjypahzlhd; `mg;gb ahuhfpYk; jpUe;jpdhh;fsh?’ vd;w Nfs;tp Nfl;lhh;. `ehd; vy;NyhiuAk; ehuhaz rk;ge;jpfshf epizf;fpNwd;. g;uf;Ujp rk;ge;jpfshf fhztpy;iy. xUt];JTk; me;a rk;ge;jkha; ,uhNj’ vd;W gjpyspj;jhh;.

rpWkhkdprh; xU rkak; $uj;jho;thd; jd; Foe;ijahd gl;lUf;F ghlk; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;LUe;j nghOJ Kjypahz;lhidf; fhl;b `,tiug; Nghd;W tbT rpWj;J g;ughtk; ngUj;jpUf;Fk; kdpjiu rpWkhkdprh; (8Mk; gj;J 10Mk; jpUtha;nkhop 3Mk; ghRuk;) vd;W ek;kho;thh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;’ vd;W tpsf;fk; $wpdhh;. thopj;jpUehkk; - mg;gps;is mUspaJ *mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa mUl;gr;ir thuzj;jpy; mtjhpj;Njhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPghba kPLKjy; rPh;ngWNthd; thopNa cj;jkkhk; thJhyk; caute;Njhd; thopNa Ch;jpUe;jr; rPh;ghjk; Cd;wpdhd; thopNa Kj;jpiuAk; nrq;NfhYk; KbngWNthd; thopNa Kjypahz;lhd; nghw;gjq;fs; CopNjhWk; thopNa. *,e;j thopj;jpUehkk; jhd; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh Nfhapy;fspYk; rhw;W Kiwapd; NghJ mDre;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ. rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa =uq;fuh[ub rpe;ij nra;Nthd; thopNa gf;jpAld; gjpd;kh; fiy ghpe;jspg;Nghd; thopNa ghJifaha; mjpgjp jhs; gjpf;Fktd; thopNa Kf;jpjUk; vl;nlOj;ij nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa Kf;Nfhy; vd;W vjpuhrh; nkhop ngw;Nwhd; thopNa jj;JtEhy; ghr\paj;ij jhpj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa jhrujp cgakyh;j; jhspizfs; thopNa mj;jpfphp aUshsh; mbgzpe;Njhd; thopNa mdtujk; vjpuhrh; mbnjhONthd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;tRehs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa =ghr\ar; nrOk;nghUis nrg;Gktd; thopNa gr;irthuhzk; tpsq;f ghh;it nra;jhd; thopNa gufhyd; mbapizfs; guTktd; thopNa cj;jk thJhyFy Kfe;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa ca;Jiz Kjypahz;lhd; xz;gjkpuz;Lk; thopNa.

ehs; ghl;L vl;Lkpuz;LlNdjkpy; NtjK NkhjpAzh;e;jpLehs; vq;Fkplh;nfl mq;fKghq;fKNkhq;fpAah;e;jpL ehs; kl;ltpOk;nghopy; kd;Dk; muq;fh;jk; nrq;Nfhy; rpwe;jpL ehs; khFlghiye;J ehuzdhh;gjp tho;T nghype;jpLehs; ,l;lKah;e;njjpuhrUld; kiwKg;GhpG+l;ba ehs; vd; kUkhd; vd;wpth; gjKk; jz;lKkhf;fpf; nfhz;lUs; ehs; rpl;lh;kfpo;e;jpl jhrujpf;FU Nghe;J gpwe;jUs; ehs; rpj;jpiuapy; Gdh;G+rkjhfpa nry;tk; kfpe;jpL ehNs. Kjypahz;lhd; mUspa ];Nyhfk; - Fuguk;giu jdpad; m];kj; Njrpf k];kjPa gukhrhh;ahd; mNr\hd;F&d; =kd; yr\;kz NahfpGq;ftkfhG+h;nzs Kepk;ahKek; uhkd; gj;ktpNyrdhk; Kdptuk; ehjk; rlj;Nt\pzk; N]Nerk; ];hPa kpe;jpuh ]fruk; ehuhazk; ]kh];uNa. ,e;j jdpadpd; tptuzk; ,g;G+Tyfy; cs;s vy;yh khdplh;fSf;Fk; ve;j rkaj;ijr; rh;e;jtuhapDk; mth;fSf;nfy;yhk; FU vd;fpw Mrhhpah; xUth; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gJ ntspg;gilahfj; njhpfpwJ. ek; ]k;g;ujhaj;jpy; =ke;jhjKdpfis nghpa Kjypahh; vd;W $WtJk; cz;L. mjdhy; nghpa ngUkhSld; =ke; ehjKdpfisAk; Kjy; MrhhpauhfTk; nfhs;syhk;. thh;jhkhiy 361 Mk; thh;j;ijapd; tptuzk; Kjypahz;lhd; mUspa thh;j;ij jpUke;j;uj;jpw;F Kjypahz;lhd; mUspa eph;th`k; jpUke;j;uj;jpd; Kjy; gjkhd g;uztk; ];t&g[;QhdKilikiaAk,; ,uhz;lhk; gjkhd ek: gjk; jd;id ur\pj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; jdf;F m]f;jpiaAk; %d;whk; gjkhd ehuhazha gjk; vk;ngUkhDf;Fg; ghpe;J ifq;fh;ak; nra;tijAk; nrhy;YfpwJ vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;.

thh;jhkhiy 50Mk; thh;j;ij tptuzk; mOf;file;j khzpf;fj;ij Neh;rhizapNy Vwpl;Lf;file;jhy; gsgsf;if tbthapUf;FkhNghNy, m[;Qdhd NrjeeDf;F jpNuhjhe ept;Uj;jpapNy mbNad; vd;if tbaha; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Kjypahz;lhd; mUspdhh;. ,rk;g;e;jj;jhy; Vw;gl;l m[;Qhdk;, fh;kk;, thrid, Urp Kjyhdit fope;jhy;, [Ptdhfpw uj;dj;Jf;F gftj;Nr\j;tkhfpw xspg;ufhrpf;Fk; vd;W fUj;J. thh;jhkhiy 167Mk; thh;j;ij tptuzk; gps;is cwq;fhtpy;yp jh]h; Kjypahz;lhdplk; rp\;aDila yr\;zj;ijg; gw;wp mUSr;nra;Ak;gb Nfl;f mJw;F Mz;lhd; mUspa thh;j;ij. Mrhh;a tp\aj;jpNy rp\;ad; gjpt;uijahd ghh;iaiag; (kiztpiag; NghNy) NghNy nrhd;dijf; Nfl;gdhfTk;, rhPuk; NghNy epidj;jijr; nra;gtdhfTk;, mwpT NghNy epidthfNtapUg;gtdhfTk; ,Ug;ghd; vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;. Kjypahz;lhid gw;wpa Kf;jf ];Nyhfq;fs;

=kj;jh]ujpk; te;Nj uhkhE[gjh`;tak; thJ}yhehkyq;fhuk; j;hpjz;lh`;taNj]pfk; =uhkhE[Uila jpUtb vd;Dk; jpUehkk; cilatUk; thJ}y Nfhj;uj;jth;fSf;F G+\zkhdtUk; =uhkhE[Uila j;Ujz;lkhfr; nrhy;yg;gLgtUkhd jh]ujp vd;Dk; Kjypahz;lhid tzq;FfpNwd;. mee;j ehuhaz Nfhjhk;gpfh fh;g;g]k;gtk; ghfpNeak; ajPe;j;u]a gN[ jh]ujpk; FUk; NkN\ Geh;t]{jpNe jh]uj;;ak;]]k;gtk; ajPe;j;ughJfhgpf;ak; te;Nj jh]ujpk; FUk; mee;jehuhaz jPr\pjUf;Fk; Nfhjhk;gpiff;Fk; Gj;udhf Njhd;wpatuha; =uhkhE[Uf;F kUkfdhd jhrujp vd;Dk; Kjpypahd;lhid tzq;fpNwd;. rpj;jpiu Geh;t]{tpy; uhkDila mk;]khfg; gpwe;jtuha; ajpuh[Uila ghJif vdg;gLgtuhd jhrujpia tzq;FfpNwd;. jh]uj;ak;] vd;gjw;F ghQ;r[e;ahk;] vd;Wk; ghlk;cz;L.

a: G+H;tk; gujhh;j;jpj: g;ujpepjk; =ghJfhkhj;ke: uh[;aha g;ujnjs ] Vt `p FU: =jh]uj;ah`;ta: G+j;th yr\;kzghJfhe;jpkANf]h;thj;kehk;];NuaN] ]hk;uh[;ak; ];takj;u eph;t`jp Neh ijtk; Fy];Nahj;jkk; vtd; xUtd; Kw;fhyj;jpy; gujdhy; gpuhh;j;jpf;fg; gl;L murhStjw;Fj; jpUg;ghJifiaj; jdf;Fg; gpujpepjpahff; nfhLj;jhNdh me;j uhkNd jhrujp vdg;ngaUs;s Mrhh;adha; vy;yh Mj;khf;fSk; ca;tpf;Fk;gb =it\;zt rhk;uh[;aj;ijj; jhNd ,q;F elj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. =it\;zt ]pNuhG+\h =uhkhE[ghJfh =thJ}y FNyhj;jk;]: =jh]ujpNujjhk; =ith\;zth;fspd; jiyf;F myq;fhukhapUf;Fk; =uhkhD[hpd; ghJifaha; =thJ}y Fyj;jpw;Fr; rpwe;j myq;fhukhd =jh]ujpnaDk; Kjypahz;lhd; ntw;wpngWthuhf. =uhkhk;] ]kh];yp\;lk; ghQ;r[e;ahk;] ]k;gtk; gQ;rehuhaz];jhe ];jhgfk; FUkh];uNa =uhkdpd; mk;rj;NjhL $batuha; ghQ;r[e;ahk;]khf mtjhpj;jtuha; 5 ehuhaz ];jyq;fis ];jhgpj;jtuhd Kjypahz;lhid Mr;uapf;fpNwd;. a];rf;Nu gf;jefNu jhBgQ;rf Kj;jkk; uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rhj;uk; te;Nj jh]ujpk; FUk; gf;j efuj;jpy; vtnuhUth; rpwe;j jhBgQ;rf ];Njhj;uj;ij ,aw;wpdhNuh, uhkhD[hrhh;ahpd; ey;y rp];auhd me;j Kjypahz;lhid tzq;FfpNwd;.

(NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspapl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgkQ;[hpy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ) =Kjypahz;lhd; jpUtbfNs ruzk;

=rf;uth;j;jpj; jpUkfdhh; (=uhkh;) tU\ jpUer\j;jpuk; rpj;jpiu Gdh;G+rk;. Mdhy; ,tUila mtjhu cj;]tk; Rf;y gr\j;jpy; etkpad;W jhd; =uq;fk;; fhQ;rpGuk; kw;Wk; gy jpt;aNjrq;fspy; `=uhk etkp’ ahf nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

=: =kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

=kj; tutuKeNa ek: Nfhapy; nfh(F))khz;^h; ,isatpy;ypahr;rhd; ];thkp (ghyje;tp) –

tU\jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu – Mapy;ak;

nrk;nghd;nra;Nfhtpy;, jpUehq;$hpy; vOe;jUspAs;s xd;dhd ,isaty;ypahr;rhd; ];thkp

Gifg;gl cjtp : = s.Rjh;rd; ];thkp, jpUehq;$h; jdpad;

=nfs]pfhe;ta k`hk;Gjp G+h;zre;j;uk; / =gh\;afhu [eeP ]`[h jEh[k; // =i]yG+h;z gjgq;f[ ]f;jrpj;jk; / =ghyje;tp FUth;a k`k; g[hkp // =ajPe;j;u khj;U ];t];;hPa: g;ujpjhh;agNj ];jpj: / %yG+j: nfsrpfhehk; jk; te;Nj ghyje;tpek; // thopj;jpUehkk;

gf;jpAld; gjpd;kh;fiyg; gfUktd; thopNa gz;luq;fh; gjk;neQ;rpy; gw;wp epd;whd; thopNa vj;jpuhrh; ,izabNa jQ;rnkd;whd; thopNa vopy; kiwapd; Vhpf;Nfhh; kjfhdhd; thopNa Kj;jpjUk; newpjd;id nkhope;jUs;Nthd; thopNa %J jpUkiyek;gpf; fhl;nra;jhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapy; Mapy;ak; rpwf;f te;jhd; thopNa rPh; ghyjd;tp FU jpUj;jhs;fs; thopNa. rPuhUk; jpUg;gjpapy; jpfo;e;jpUe;jhd; thopNa Ntq;flth; jhspizia tpUk;Gktd; thopNa VuhUk; vjpuhrd; ,izabNahd; thopNa rPuhUk; mth; jha;f;Fg; gpd;dts; jead; thopNa gj;jpAld; ghbaj;ijr; nrg;Gktd; thopNa vopy; rpj;jpiu Mapypak; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa ghh; tpsq;Fk; nfhkhz;^hpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa me;jkpy; rPh;,isatpy;ypg; gudbfs; thopNa. Fkhz;^h; ,iatpy;ypahr;rhd; itgr;RUf;fk;

= Fkhz;^h; ,iatpy;ypahr;rhd; (ghyje;tp) 72tJ ]pk;`h]dhjpgjpahf vk;ngUkhdhuhy; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. jpUtde;jho;thd; mk;rkhf nfsrpf Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; rj;Uf;did xj;j ,isatpy;ypahf rpj;jpiu khjk; Mapy;a el;rj;jpuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. ,th; ,uhkhD[Uila rpwpa jhahpd; jpUf;Fkhuh;. nghpajpUkiy ek;gpapd; kUkfd; Mthh;. Mifahy; nghpajpUkiy ek;gpfsplk; kpFe;j <LghL nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. ,th; tlnkhopapy; ghyje;tp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

,th; vk;ghiug;NghNy cilatUf;F rpwpajhahh; Fkhuuha; mtjhpj;J cilatUila jpUNkdp rk;ge;jk; ngw;wth;. ngUkhSf;F (,uhkUf;F) ,isangUkhs; vy;yh mbikfSk; nra;jJNghNy, cilath; jpUtbfspNy rfy ifq;fh;aq;fSk; ,th; nra;jikahy; vk;ngUkhdhuhNy ,isatpy;yp Mr;rhd; vd;w jpUehkk; rhj;jg;ngw;whh;. vk;ngUkhdhUila epakdg;gb nghpa jpUkiyek;gpaplk; ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J te;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUehL myq;fhpj;jjhf fdtpy; fz;l mstpNy, vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfNs ruzk; vd;W nrhy;yp %r;rlq;fg;ngw;whh;. ,tUila mh;r;rh jpUNkdpia =uq;fj;jpy; tlf;F cj;jpu tPjpapy; cs;s rpWGypA+h; ];thkp jpUkhspifapYk;, jpUehq;$hpy; nrk;nghd;nra; NfhapypYk;, =tpy;ypGj;J}hpy; ehr;rpahh; re;epjpy; cs;s jpUkhspifapYk; Nrtpf;fyhk;. NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; ,isatpy;yp = c.Nt rlNfhghrhh;ah; ];thkpapd; rjkhNehj;];t rpwg;G kyhpy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ (,e;j ];thkp ,isatpy;yp = c.Nt =epth] G+tuh`hrhh;ah; ];thkpf;Fk; kw;Wk; ,isatpy;yp = c.Nt fz;zkhrhh;ah; ];thkpf;Fk; jpUj;jfg;gdhh; Mthh;). mbNaDf;F NkNy nrhd;d rpy tp\aq;fisf; nfhLj;J cjtpa nfhkhz;^h; ,isatpy;yp = c.Nt gh\;afhuh; uq;fuh[d; ];thkpf;F kpf;f ed;wp. ruNkhgha eph;zak; - nfh(F)khz;^;h; ,isatpy;ypahr;rhd; vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtb miljy; Fkhz;^h; ,isatpy;yp vd;fpwth; jpUg;Ng&hpNy vOe;jUspapUe;jhh;. xU ehs; uhj;hp ];tg;dj;jpNy cilath; mNefkhapuk; Mjpj;ah;fs; Nru cjpj;jhw;NghNy eputjpfNjN[h&gkhd jpt;a tpkhdj;jpNy Vwp mUsp epw;fg;, gukgjj;Jf;Fk; G+kpf;Fk; eLNt eputfh]khk;gb gukgjehjd; mee;j fUl tp\;tf;N]dhjpfs; njhlf;fkhd mNefkhapuk; epj;a ]{hpfSk;, Mo;thh,; ehjKdpfs; njhlf;fkhd mstplKbahj Kf;jUk;, jhKkhf ]q;f fh`s Nghpfs; njhlf;fkhd thj;a Nfh\q;fSlNd te;J, cilatiu vjph; nfhz;L mioj;J jpt;a tpkhdk; Kd;Nd elf;fj; jhKk; ghpfuKk; gpd; njhlh;e;J Nghfpwjhff; fz;L jpLf;fpl;L vOe;jpUe;J, ts;sy; kzptz;zid mioj;jUsp vq;fs; Mrhh;auhd vk;ngUkhdhh; jpt;a tpkhdj;jpNy Vwp gukgjehjDk; epj;a ]{hpfSk; jhDkhf vjph;nfhz;L miof;f gukgjj;Jf;F vOe;jUSfpwjhff; fdT fz;Nld;. jhpNad; ,dp vd;W mUspr; nra;J vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfNs ruzk; vd;W nrhy;yp %r;rlq;fpdhh;. ,t;thU %r;rlq;fpdth;fs; gyh; cz;L. NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspapl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgtkQ;[hp vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,isatpy;yp = c.Nt rlNfhghrhh;ah; ];thkpapd; rjkhNehj;];t rpwg;G kyUf;F = = NguUshs uhkhE[ [{ah; ];thkp, jpUf;FWq;Fb (mbNaDf;F ,th; G+h;thr;ukj;jpy; neUq;fpa ez;gh; Mthh;) kq;fshrhrdk; mUspAs;shh;. mjpypUe;J xU gFjpia ,q;Nf mDgtpg;Nghk;. ,uhkh mtjhuj;J vk;ngUkhdhd jpUf;FWq;Fb ek;gp, cila eq;ifahhpd; kNehujk; epiwNtWtjw;fhf FU$h; ek;gpahf (ek;kho;thuhf) mtjhpj;jhh;. jpUtde;jho;thd; ek;gpapd; epakdg;gb, jpUf;FU$hpy; jpUg;Gsp Mo;thuhf (Gspa kukhf) mtjhpj;J, jd; epoypy; khwd; rlNfhgidf; fhj;J epd;whd;. ,isaho;thUf;Fk; ,isatpy;ypf;Fk; cs;s njhlh;G mth;fs; jpUttjhpj;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; jhd; Vw;gl;ljy;y. ,UtUNk jpUtde;jho;thdpd; mk;rkhff; fUjg;gLth;fs; Mjyhy;, ,j;njhlh;G jpNujhAfk; njhl;Nl ,Ue;J tUtjhFk;. ,isaho;thhpd; (vk;ngUkhdhhpd;) epakdg;gb, ntFfhyk; nghpajpUkiy ek;gpAld; jpUkiyapy; mtUila ifq;fh;aj;Jf;F crhj; Jizahf ,th; ,Ue;J te;jhh;. nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpf;F Ml;nra;jpUe;j ,isatpy;yp ];thkpapd; rpwg;G <L t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; fhl;lg; gl;Ls;sJ. ePaiyNa? rpWG+tha; ! neLkhyhh;f;F vd;J}jha; - jpUtha;nkhop 1Mk; gj;J 4Mk; jpUtha;nkhop 8Mk; ghRu t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; nghpa jpUiy ek;gp jk;Kila me;jpk jirapy;, jpUthuhjd vk;ngUkhdhd kiyFdpa epd;w ngUkhs; jpUKd;gpy;, jpUj;jpiuia thq;fr; nrhy;yp (jpiuia ePf;fp), rhanyhL kzpkhik jsh;e;Njd; ehd;. ,dp cdJ thayfpy; ,d;dbrpy; itg;ghiu ehlhNa vd;W mUspr; nra;jhh; vd;W vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r;nra;jp ,isatpy;yp ];thkp %ykhfNk vk;ngUkhdhh; cs;spl;lhh; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. Nfhapy; nfh(F)khz;^h; ,isatpy;ypahr;rhd; ];thkp jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

= : NguUshsd; ngUe;Njtpj;jhahh; jptbfNs ruzk; =kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

=kj; tuj FuNt ek: Njtg;ngUkhs;, fplhk;gpahr;rhd; - tU\ jpUer\j;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu - `];jk;

Njtg;ngUkhs;, ngUkhs; Nfhtpy;

Gifg;glk; cjtp: =Nfrt gh\;ak; ];thkp jdpad; irj;u khN] ]pNj gNr\ rJh;j;j];ahk; jpnjsKne / N]hgNe `];jer\j;Nu utpthu ]ke;tpNj //

tghN`hNk g;ut;Uj;Nj Jg;uhj]; ]tefhypNf / jhJUj;juNtj;ahk; Jg;uhJ uh]P[; [ehh;j;je: // kq;fsk; (jpahf kz;lgk;) m];J =];je f];JhhP th]eh th]p NjhuN] / =`];jpfphp ehjha Njtuh[h kq;fsk; // Mo;thh;fshy; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;ag;gl;l jpUg;gjpfs; Ehw;W vl;L. mtw;Ws; Nfhapy;, jpUkiy, ngUkhs; Nfhapy; g;u]pj;jp ngw;wJ. ngUkhs; Nfhapy; %d;whtJ g;u]pj;jp ngw;w ];jykhFk;. ,j;jpUf;Nfhapy; gw;wpa tptuq;fs; ngUkhs; jpUehkq;fs; - tujuh[d;, Njtuh[d;, Njtg;ngUkhs; , NguUshsd; jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu - `];jk; jhahh; jpUehkq;fs; - ngUe;Njtp, k`hNjtp, ghh;f;ftp jpUel;rj;jpuk; - gq;Fdp – cj;jpuk; tpkhdk; - ngUkhs; - Gz;aNfhb tpkhdk;, jhahh; - fy;ahz tpkhdk; jPh;j;jk; - =mde;jru]; , Nr\ jPh;j;jk; , tuh`h jPh;j;jk; , g;uk;` jPh;j;jk; , gj;k jPh;j;jk; , mf;dp jPh;j;jk; , FNry jPh;j;jk; , Ntftjp MW ];jy tphpf;r\k; - kfpo kuk; g;uj;jpa\k; - gpUk;kh, gpUF kfhp\p , MjpN\d; , =ehujh; ];jyj;jpd; tpNr\k; - rpj;uh ngsh;zkp md;W gpUk;kh Nky; Nyhfj;jpypUe;;J ,uq;fp te;J ngUkhSf;F jpUthuhjdk; nra;tjhf IjPfk;. ,NjNghy; gpu`];gjp Nky; Nyhfj;jpypUe;J ,uq;fp te;J Gul;lhrp khjk; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuj;jd;;W ngUkhSf;F jpUthuhjdk; nra;tjhf IjPfk;. ,J ,d;wsTk; ele;J tUfpwJ. (NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tptuq;fis nfhLj;J cjtpath; - Nfhklk; = =ehj; ];thkp, fhQ;rPGuk;) Njtg;ngUkhis G+jj;jho;thUk;, Ngaho;thUk;, jpUkq;ifaho;thUk; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;Js;shh;fs;. mth;fs; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;Js;s ghRuq;fs; 7. mjid ,q;Nf ehk; mDgtpg;Nghk;.

G+jj;jho;thh; - ,uhz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp – 95, 96Mk; ghRuq;fs; vd;ndQ;rk; Nkahd; vd;nrd;dpahd;;. jhdtid td;ndQ;rk; fPz;l kzptz;zd;. Kd;dk;Nra; Copahd; Copngah;j;jhd;. cyNfj;Jk; Mopahd; mj;jpA+uhd;. mj;jpA+uhd; Gs;isA+h;thd;. mzpkzpapd; Jj;jpNrh; ehfj;jpd;Nky; Japy;thd; - Kj;jP kiwahthd; khfly; eQ;Rz;lhd; jdf;Fk; ,iwahthd; vq;fs; gpuhd;. Ngaho;thh; - %d;whk; jpUte;jhjp - 26Mk; ghRuk; rpwe;j vd; rpe;ijAk; nrq;fzuTk;. epiwe;j rPh; ePs; fr;rpAs;Sk; - ciwe;jJTk; Ntq;flKk nt/fhTk; NtSf;ifg;ghbANk jhk;flthh;jz;Johahh;. jpUkq;ifaho;thh; nghpajpUnkhop - 6Mk; gj;J - 10Mk; jpUnkhop - 4Mk; ghRuk; fy;yhh;kjps; R+o; fr;rpefUs; er;rpg;, ghlfj;Js; vy;yhTyFk; tzq;f ,Ue;j mk;khd;. ,yq;iff;Nfhd; ty;yhshfk; tpy;yhy;; Kdpe;j ve;ij. tpgPlzw;F ey;yhDila ehkk; nrhy;ypy; eNkh ehuhazNk. jpUf;FWe;jhz;lfk; - 19Mk; ghRuk; gpz;bahh; kz;ilNae;jpg; gpwh;kid jphpje;Jz;Zk; Kz;bahd;. rhgk; jPh;j;j xUtDhh;. cyfNkj;Jk; fz;bA+h; muq;fk; nka;ak; fr;rpNgh;ky;iynad;W kz;bdhh;. ca;ayy;yhy; kw;iwahh;f;F ca;ahyhNk? jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 9Mk; ghRuk; tq;fj;jhy; khkzp te;Je;JKe;ePh; ky;iyaha;! kjps;fr;rpA+uha; ! Nguha; ! nfhq;f(F)j;jhh; tsq;nfhd;iwayq;fy;khh;td; Fytiuad; klg;ghit ,lg;ghy; nfhz;lhd; gq;fj;jha; ! ghw;flyha; ! ghhpd;Nkyha; ! gdptiuapDr;rpaha;! gtstz;zh! vq;Fw;wha;? vk;ngUkhd; ! cd;idehb VioNad; ,q;qdNk copjUNfNd.

jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 15Mk; ghRuk; fy;YAh;e;j neLkjps; R+o;fr;rpNka fspW! vd;Wk; fly; fple;efdpNa! vd;Wk; my;ypak;G+kyh;g;ngha;ifg;godNtyp mzpaOe;Jhh; epd;Wfe;j mk;khd;! vd;Wk; nrhy;Yah;e;j neLtPiz KiyNky; jhq;fpj; JKWty; eif,iwNa Njhd;wef;F nky;tpuy;fs; rptg;nga;jj;jltpMq;Nf nkd;fpspNghy; kpfkpow;Wk; vd;NgijNa. ,uhkhDrEhw;we;jhjp - 31Mk; ghRuk; Mz;Lfs; ehs; jpq;fsha;. epfo;fhynky;yhk; kdNk! <z;Lgy;Nahdpfs; NjhWoy;Nthk;. ,d;Nwh nuz;zpd;wpNa. fhz;lFNjhsz;zy; njd;dj;jpA+uh; foypizf;fPog;; G+z;ltd;ghsd;. ,uhkhDridg;nghUe;jpdNk. jpUfr;rpek;gpfs; - Njtuh[h\;lfk; - Kjy; ];Nyhfk; jpUfr;rpek;gpfs; Njtuh[h\;lfk; vd;fpw ];Njhj;jpuj;ij mUspr;nra;Js;shh;. ,J vl;L ];Nyhfq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. mjpy; xU ];Nyhfj;ij fPNo fhzyhk;. ek];Nj `];jpi]Ny] =ke;! mk;G[Nyhre ! ]uzk; j;thk; g;uge;Neh];kp g;uzjhh;j;jp`uhr;Aj ! =kzths khKdpfs; - Njtuh[ kq;fsk; - Kjy; ];Nyhfk; =kzths khKdpfs; Njtuh[ kq;fsk; vd;fpw ];Njhj;jpuj;ij mUspr;nra;Js;shh;. ,J 13 ];Nyhfq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. mjpy; xU ];Nyhfj;ij fPNo fhzyhk;. kq;fyk; NtjN]h Ntjp Nkjp ePf;U`NkjpNe/

tujha jahjhk;Ne jPNuhjhuha kq;fsk; //

Njtg;ngUkhSk; Mrhh;ah;fSk; gy Mrhh;ah;fs; fhQ;rp Njtg;ngUkhSf;F ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J cs;sdh;. mtw;Ws; rpy Mrhh;ah;fisg;gw;wp ,q;Nf mDgtpg;Nghk;. =Mste;jhH; Mste;jhh; NguUshid nrtpg;gjw;fhf =uq;fj;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L jk; rp\;ah;fSld; fhQ;rp efuk; te;J Nrh;e;jhh;. mq;F jpUf;fr;rp ek;gpfs; %yk; ,uhkhE[hpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf;Nfl;L jkf;Fg;gpd; ,uhkhE[Nu =it\;zt Fygjpahf ,Uf;fj; jFe;jth; vd;W KbT nra;jhh;. mtiuf; fhzNtz;Lk; vd;W tpUg;gq;nfhz;L xUehs; ahjtg;gpufhrh; Nfhapiyg; gpujr\zk; nra;Ak; NghJ mtUld; kpf;f Nj[];tpaha; xU rp\;ah; tUtijf; fz;Zw;whh;. mth; tbtofpYk; Qhdg;nghyptpYk; <Lgl;L Mste;jhh; mUfpYs;s jpUf;fr;rp ek;gpia ,th; ahh; vd;W Nfl;f ,tNu ,uhkhD[h; vd;W gjpYiuj;jhh;. jk; jpUMuhjdj;jpy; ,Uf;fpw gtp\;ajhrhh;ah; tpf;u`j;NjhL ,th; xj;jpUg;gJ fz;L kpfTk; Cskfpo;e;J MKjy;td; ,td; (7Mk; gj;J 9Mk; jpUtha;nkhop 3Mk; ghRuk;) vd;W jk;jpUTs;sj;Nj epr;rapj;J jd; kdjhu ,tiu MrPh;tjpj;jhh;. `tujuh[g;ngUkhNd! ,tNu vd; rp\;auhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W vk;ngUkhdplk; gpuhh;j;jid nra;J nfhz;L me;j ed;dhs; ve;ehNsh vd;w FiwAld; =uq;fk; jpUg;gpdhh;. jpUfr;rp ek;gpfs;, nghpa ek;gp, vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUkopirg;gpuhd; cgNjrg;gb Kjypy; jpUty;ypf;Nfzp vk;ngUkhDf;F G\;g ifq;fh;ak; nra;J te;jhh;. gpd;dh; ,th; Njtg;ngUkhSf;F jpUthytl;l ifq;fh;ak; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhh;. Njtg;ngUkhSld; NgRk; ghf;ak; ngw;wth;. vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUmtjhuk; nra;atjw;F mth; jfg;gdhh;f;F cjtp Ghpe;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb NguUshsd; jpUf;fr;rp ek;gpf;F MW thh;j;ij mUspr;nra;jhh;. Mste;jhh; ];Njhu uj;dk; vd;w tlnkhop ghkhiyia (=ke; ehjKdpfisg; Nghw;wpAiuf;Fk; ];Nyhfq;fs;) gl;Nlhiyahf;fp, Kjph;r;rpapd; fhuzkhfTk;, jpUNkdpapy; NehT rhw;wpf;nfhz;ljhYk;, nghpa ek;gpfsplk; mijf; nfhLj;J fhQ;rp NguUshsdplk; rkh;g;gpj;J ,isaho;thiu mioj;J tUk;gb fl;lisapl;lhh;. nghpa ek;gpfs; clNd fhQ;rPGuk; nrd;W NguUshsid Nrtpj;J ];Njhu uj;d =Nfhrj;ij mth; Kd; itj;J Ntz;bdhh;. ,isaho;thh; jpdKk; Njtg;ngUkhSf;F rhiyf;fpzw;wpypUe;J jpUkQ;rd jPh;j;jk; nfhz;L tUtJ tof;fk;. md;W mt;thW jpUkQ;rd jPh;j;jk; nfhz;L tUk; nghOJ nghpa ek;gpfs; topapy; epd;W nfhz;L =Mste;jhh; mUspa ];Njhj;u uj;d ];Nyhfq;fis tha;tpl;L mD]e;jhdk; nra;jhh;. ,ijf; Nfl;L ,isaho;thh; =nghpaek;gpfsplk; `,ij mUapr;nra;jth; ahh;’, vd;W Nfl;f mjw;F ,th; `,ij =Mste;jhh; mUspa cs;shh;. mth;

Neha;tha;g;gl;L cs;shh;. clNd ePh; mtiur; Nrtpf;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W njhptpf;f, ,UtUk; Njtg;ngUkhsplKk;, jpUfr;rpek;gpfsplKk; tpil ngw;Wf;nfhz;L =uq;fk; Nehf;fp ele;jdh;. =uq;fk; te;jile;j NghJ =Mste;jhh; gukgjpj;Jtpl;lhh; vd;W Nfs;tpAw;W kpFe;j Jf;fKk; Vkhw;wKk; mile;jdh;. ,isaho;thh; =Mste;jhiu Nrtpj;j NghJ mtUila tyJ if tpuy;fs; %d;W klq;fpapUg;gij fz;Zw;W mijg; gw;wp mq;F ,Ue;jth;fsplk; tprhhpj;j NghJ %d;W cWjpnkhopfis gpufldg;gLj;Jtjhf mJ cs;sJ vd;W mth;fs;; njUtpj;jdh;. mjhtJ, (1) tpahrUk;, guhRuUk; ek; jhprdj;jpw;Fr; nra;Js;s gukNkhgfhuj;jpd; epidthf mtuJ ngaw;fisj; jk; gps;isfSf;F #l;lNtz;Lk;. (2) jpUtha;nkhopf;F ey;ynjhU t;ahf;ahdk; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (3) tpah]hpd; g;u`;k]{j;uj;jpw;F tprp\;lhj;itj ]pj;jhe;j gukhf xU gh\;ak; ,aw;w Ntz;Lk;. `,tw;iw Mrhh;ad; mEf;u`kpUe;jhy; mbNad; epiwNtw;WNtd;’ vd;W ,uhkhE[h; $w, me;j %d;W tpuy;fSk; epkph;e;jd. gpd;dh; jhk; te;j Mir epiw Ntwhjyhy; nghpa ek;gpfsplk; njz;ldpl;L tpil ngw;Wf;nfhz;L, nghpa ngUkhisAk; N]tpf;fhky; ,uhkhE[h; fhQ;rPGuk; jpUk;gpdhh;. gpwF =Mste;jhhpd; Miria epiwNtw;W tjw;fhf nghpaek;gpfs; jd; FLg;gj;jhUld; fhQ;rp Nehf;fp Gwg;gl;lhh;. NghFk; topapy; kJuhe;jfj;jpy; ,uhkgpuhid Nrtpg;gjw;f;fhhf jq;fpdhh;. mNjrkak; NguUshdplj;jpy; jpUfr;rp ek;gpfs; %yk; MWthh;j;ijfis Nfl;L njhpe;J nfhz;l ,isaho;thh; mjid epiw Ntw;W tjw;fhhf nghpa ek;gpfis fhz jpUtuq;fk; Gwg;gl;lhh;. NghFk; topapy; kJuhe;fj;jpy; vOe;jUspAs;s ngUkhis Nrtpf;fr; nrd;whh;. mq;F mg;nghOJ te;jpUe;j nghpa ek;gpia njz;ldpl;L `];thkp mbNaDf;F ,g;nghONj `pNjhgNtrk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W g;uhjpj;jhh;. fhyk; jho;j;Jjy; $lhJ vd;W fUjp, nghpa ek;gpfs; ,isaho;thUf;F gQ;r rk];fhuq;fs; mq;NfNa nra;J gy cgNjrq;fs; nra;jhh;. gpwF ,UtUk; fhQ;rp nrd;wdh;. fhQ;rpapy; rpy khjq;fs; nghpaek;gpfs; ,isaho;thhpd; jpUkhspifapy; jq;fpapUe;J gy mh;j;j tpNr\q;fis cgNjrpj;jhh;. xUehs; nghpaek;gpfs; NjtpfSf;Fk; ,isaho;thh; NjtpfSf;Fk; fpzw;wb rz;il Vw;gl;lJ. ,ijawpe;j nghpaek;gpfs; jk; NjtpfSld; ,isaho;thhplk; nrhy;ypf;fhkNy =uq;fj;jpw;F Gwg;gl;L nrd;Wtpl;lhh;. MrhhpaUf;F jk; Njtpfs; mgrhuk; nra;Jtpl;lijg; nghWf;fhj ,isaho;thh;, mtSld; thof;$lhJ vd;W jPh;khdpj;J, jpUfr;rpek;gpapd; Jidnfhz;L, Mste;jhiu Mrhh;adhf kdj;jpy; j;ahdpj;Jf; nfhz;L, NguUshsid Mr;uk ];tPfhu ]hr\pahf;fp, ]e;;ah]hr;ukj;ij Vw;whh;.

mg;ngUkhDk; mtUf;F ajpuh[h; vd;Dk; jpUehkj;ij mspj;jhd;. mjw;Fg;gpd; uhkhE[h; th;zh];uk Mrhuq;fspd;gb elg;gtuhf tpwq;fpdhh;. jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah; vk;ngUkhdhh; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;lij Nfs;tpAw;w nghpaek;gpfs; KjyhNdhh;, Mste;jhhpd; Miria epiwNtw;w, nja;tfhdk; ghLtjpy; ty;ytuhd jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuaiu fhQ;rpf;F mDg;gp ,isaho;thiu jpUtuq;fk; mioj;J tur;nrhd;dhh;fs;. mtuJ nja;tPf jpt;ag;gpuge;jg; gz; ,iria nrtprhj;jpa NguUshsd; mh;r;rfKNfd, `ckf;F vd;d tuk; mspf;fNtz;Lk;’ vd;W Nfl;f, `,isaho;thiu mbNaDld; jpUtuq;fj;jpw;F mDg;gpaUs Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W Nfl;lhh;. `mg;gbNa je;Njhk;’ vd;W miukdJld; mUshsd; mq;fPfhuk; mspj;jhh;. ,isaho;thh; mUshsdpd; Mizf;fpuq;fp, miuah;, $uj;jho;thd;, Kjypahz;lhd; kw;Wk; gy rp\;ah;fSld;, jpUfr;rpek;gpfsplk; tpil ngw;Wf; nfhz;L jpUtuq;fj;jpw;F Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;whh;. gps;is Nyhfhrhhpahh; Njtg;ngUkhs; mtjhuk; XUehs; gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah; jpUtuq;fj;jpy; jd;Dila rp\;ah;fis mioj;Jf;nfhz;L fhl;L mofparpq;fh; re;epjpapy; Vfe;jkhd ,lj;jpy; mth;fSf;F u`];ahh;j;jq;fis mUspr;nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhh;. Njtg;ngUkhs; ];tg;eKNfe kzg;ghf;fj;J ek;gpaplk; `ePh; Ngha; ,uz;lhw;Wf;F eLtpy; th;j;jpAk;, Nky;nfhz;L ckf;F ,t;th;j;q;fis vy;yhk; mq;Nf nrhy;fpNwhk;’ vd;W nrhd;dg;gb, kzg;ghf;fj;Jek;gp jpUtuq;fk; te;J, xJq;fpapUe;J Nyhfhrhhpah; nrhy;yp te;j mh;j;j tpNr\q;fis Nfl;lhh;. mit fhQ;rP NguUshsh; jkf;F cgNjrpj;j mh;j;j tpNr\q;fsha; ,Ue;jjhy;, cs;Ns ,Ue;J ntspNa te;j gps;isNyhfhrhh;ahpd; jpUtbfspy; tpOe;J `mtNuh ePh;’ vd;W Nfl;lhh;. gps;isNyhfhrhh;ahUk; `MtNjJ’ vd;W Nfl;f, kzg;ghf;fj;Jek;gp `fhQ;rP NguUshsh; jdf;F ];tg;ej;jpy; nrhd;d tp\aq;fis ePh; vLj;Jiuj;jPh;’ vd;W nrhd;d cld;, ,tiuAk; jdJ rp\;auhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;L, mh;j;j tpNr\q;fis vy;yhk; ,tUf;Fk; nrhy;yp te;jhh;. ,e;j epfo;r;rpad; %yk; ekf;F Njtg;ngUkhNs Nyhfhrhhpauhf mtjphpj;jhh; vd;W njUfpwJ. =kzths khKdpfs; khKdpfs; jpUkiyapypUe;J fhQ;rPGuk; nrd;W NguUshsd; tbtpy; <Lgl;L `Njtuh[ kq;fsk;’ vd;fpw 13 ];Nyhfq;fs; nfhz;l ];Njhj;jpuj;ij mUspr; nra;jhh;.

=fhQ;rP gpujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zq;fuhrhhpah; ];thkp rkPg fhyj;jpy; ek;kplNa tho;e;j =fhQ;rPP ];thkpiag;gw;wp vOJtjw;F fhy mtfhrk; NghuhJ. MfpYk; mth; nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fisg;gw;wp xh; ,U thh;j;ijfs; vOjpNa MfNtz;Lk;. =fhQ;rP jpt;a Njrj;jpy; mtjhpj;j ,e;j ];thkp, jkpo;, ]k;]f;Ujk;, njYq;F, `pe;jp Mfpa ehd;F ghi\fspYk; gj;jphpiffs; khjk;NjhWk; jhk; xutNu elj;jpte;jhh;. kw;Wk; gy vz;zw;w Gj;jfq;fs; ntspAl;Ls;shh;. ,jdpilNa gy gy jpt;a Njr ahj;jpiufs; Nkw;nfhz;L, Mq;fhq;Nf gy fhyNr\gq;fs; kpfTk; neQ;R cWFk; ksTk;, `h];aj;NjhlTk; epfo;j;jp te;;jhh;. mij mDgtpj;j Nfh\;lhahh;fs; ,d;wsTk; kwf;f khl;lhh;fs;. = c.Nt ,isaty;yp =epthr G+tuh`rhh;ahh; ];thkp nrhd;dJ Nghy;, ,t;tsT fhhpaq;fSf;F ,ilapYk;, fhQ;rP Njtg;ngUkhs; mUspr; nray; Nfh\;lia eph;tfpj;jNjhL my;ykhy;, xUehSk; jtwtpl;lth; my;yh;. ,e;j ];thkp fhQ;rP Njtg;ngUkhs; mUspr; nray; Nfh\;lia xUehSk; fPNo tpOe;J jz;ld; ,l;L Nrtpj;jth; my;yh;. (mjhtJ mUspr; nray; Nfh\;bf;F jhkjkhf te;jhy; my;yNth Nfh\;bia Nrtpf;f Ntz;Lk;). Njtg;NgUkhSf;F itfhrp khjk; gpuk;Nkhj;]tk; eilngWfpwJ. ,e;j cj;]tj;jpd; %d;whhk; ehs; fhiyapy; ngUkhs; fUl thfdj;jpy; vOe;jUsp gy yr;\f;fzf;fhz gf;jh;fSf;F mUs;ghypg;gJ fz; nfhs;sf;fhl;rpahFk;.

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tLfek;gp vk;ngUkhdhUf;Fg; ghyKJ fhr;Rk; ifq;fh;aj;ijr; nra;jJNghy, fplhk;gpahr;rd; klg;gs;sp ifq;fh;aj;ijr; nra;J te;jhh;. jpUkhypUQ;Nrhiy mofh; jpUKd;Ng mfjpk; (fjpaw;wtid) vd;W njhlq;Fk; Mste;jhh; mUspAs;s ];Njhj;u uj;jpdj;jpd; 48Mk; ];Nyhfj;ij ,th; tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;. ek;kpuhkhDrd; Mrhh;adhfg; ngw;w ePh; mfjpk; (fjpaw;wtd;) vd;W nrhy;yy; MfhJ vd;W mofh; mUspr;nra;jjhf <l;by; Ijp`k; cs;sJ. ,th; =gh\;aj;ij ]u];tjpaplk; fhz;gpj;jjhfTk; jpUkiyapy; Xh; ,ilr;rpf;Fg; gukgjk; mspj;jhfTk; ,th; jdpadpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,th; f;ue;jq;fs; vJTk; mUspr;nra;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. MapDk; Ntjhe;j ]h];j;ug; GyikapdhNy Ntjhe;Njhjaeh; vd;W vk;ngUkhdhh; ,tUf;Fg; gl;lkspj;jjhfj; ,tUila jdpadpy; ,Ue;J njhpfpwJ. NkYk; =Njrpfh; f;ue;jq;fspypUe;Jk; ,tiug;gw;wp tpsq;FfpwJ. e;ahakjj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fSf;Fj; jiytuha; F]{khQ;[yp vDk; jiyrpwe;j e;ahaf;ue;jj;ij ,aw;wpa cjadiu xj;j Nkjhtpyh]j;ij cila Ntjhe;jp ,th; vd;W fUj;J. =Njrpfd; mUspa gukgjN]hghek; mlw;Gs; shrpD ke;jzh; khl;bD kpd;dKjf; flw;gs;sp jd;dp;Dq; fhtphp As;s Kfe;jgpuh dpilg;gps;is ahfp Aiuj;j Jiuf;F nkjptudhh; kilg;gs;sp te;j kznkq;fs; thh;j;ijAz; kd;dpaNj. tptuzk; : typikkpf;f gr\puh[dhd fUld; ,lj;jpy; fhl;bYk; me;jzh;fspd; jdkhd Ntjq;fsplj;jpy; fhl;bYk; ,dpa mKjkhd gpuhl;b mtjhpj;j jpUg;ghw;flyplj;jpy; fhl;bYk; fhtphp kj;jpapy; cs;s =uq;fj;jpy; jpUTs;sk; cfe;j =uq;fehjd; ,ilr;rpWtdhd fz;zdhf mtjhpj;J ntspapl;l gftj; fPijapd; nghUisj; jk; fPjh gh\;aj;jpy; mUspa ajpuh[dpd; jpUkilg;gs;sp topahf fplk;gpahr;rhd; %yk; tPrpa eWkzk; mth; rPlh; guk;giuapy; te;j vq;fs; fpue;jq;fq;fspy; nghUe;jp cs;sJ. epfkehjpfhu ];Nyhfj;jpd; fUj;J ajpuh[Uila jpUkilg;gs;spapd;; kzg;ngUf;fpdhy; eWkz %l;lg;ngw;wjha;, mwpQh; FOthy; Ritf;fj;jf;fjha;, e;aha

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thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

= : =kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

=kj; tuj FuNt ek: kJuftpaho;thh;, mee;jho;thd;, elhJuk;khs; - tU\ jpUer\j;jpuk; -

rpj;jpiu khjk; rpj;jpiu er\j;jpuk;

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mee;jho;thd;

mee;jho;thd;, jpUkiy

jdpad; NkN\ rpj;jh ]Kj;G+jk; ajpehj gjh];hpjk; / =Ntq;fNl] ]j;gf;j kee;jhh;a k`k; gN[//

mee;jho;thd;,mtjhu];jyk; - rpwGj;Jhh; (fpwq;$h;) – (=uq;fg;gl;bzk; kpf mUfpy; cs;sJ) ,th; mUspa ];Njhj;jpuk; - uhkD[ rJ];Nyhfp, =Ntq;flhry ,jp`h] khyh, Nfhjh rJ];Nyhfp, `Va;e;j ngUk;fPh;j;jp ,uhkhD[d;’ vd;W njhlq;Fk; jpUtha;nkhop jdpad;. =Ntq;flhry ,jp`h] khyh vd;Dk; E}y; jpUg;gjp Njt];jhdj;jhuhy; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,th; mUspa jpUtha;nkhop jdpad; Va;e;j ngUq;fPh;j;jp apuhkhEr Kdpjd; tha;e;j kyh;g;ghjk; tzq;Ffpd;Nwd; - Ma;e;jngUQ; rPuhh; rlNfhgd; nre;jkpo; Ntjk; jhpf;Fk; Nguhj Ts;sk; ngw.

mee;jhz;gps;is vd;Dk; jpUehkk; vw;glf;fhuzk; G\;gkz;lgkhd jpUkiyapy; epj;athrk; nra;J rpe;JG+kfpOk; jpUNtq;flj;jhDf;Fg; G\;gifq;fh;ak; nra;thUz;Nlh? vd;W vk;ngUkhdhh; xUehs; jk; fhyN\g Nfh\;bapy; tpdt kw;Ws;shh; midtUk; vk;ngUkhdhUila gphpit epidj;J tha;Ngrhy; ,Uf;f mbNad; nry;fpNwd; vd;W gjpy; mspj;jhh; mee;jd;. ePNu Mz; gps;is vd;W vk;ngUkhdhuhy; ghuhl;lg;ngw;wth; ,t;thrhh;ah;. ,f;fhuzj;jhNy ,th; Fyj;jth;fs; ,d;Wk; mee;jhz;gps;is vd;Dk; gl;lj;NjhL tpsq;Ffpwhh;fs;. jpUehuazg;ngUkhSk; mee;jho;thDk; xU Vfhjrpad;W mee;jho;thd; jpUehuazg;ngUkhis N]tpf;Fk; nghOJ ,d;W jpUNtq;flKilahid N]tpf;f Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W tUj;jg;gl;lhh;. clNd jpUehuazg;ngUkhs; jpUNtq;flKilahdf mtUf;F fhl;rpaspj;jhh;. jpUNtq;flKilahd; jpUkhh;gpy; ,uz;L jhahh;fs; cz;Nl xU jhahh; jhNd ,q;F ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W epidj;jhh;. gpd;dh; ,uz;L jhahh;fSk; jpUkhh;gpy; vOe;jUspdhh;fs;. xt;nthU VfhjrpapYk; jpUehuazd; jpUNtq;flK- ilahdhf ,d;Wk; N]it ]hjpf;fpwhh;. (tpN\ cj;]t fhyq;fs; jtpu) =Mz;lhSk; mee;jho;thDk; G\;g ifq;fh;aj;jpy; kpFe;j <LghL nfhz;l mee;jho;thd; =Mz;lhis Nrtpf;f =tpy;ypGj;Jhh; nrd;whh;. Mz;lhs; ePuhba jpUf;Fsj;jpy; Fspf;Fk;nghOJ VNjh xU nghUis Fsj;jpw;Fs; Njbf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. `vd;d NjLfPPwPh;fs;’ vd;W mUfpypUe;jth; Nfl;f, Mz;lhs; Nja;j;Jf; nfhz;l kQ;rs; fpoq;Fj; Jz;L VjhjtJ fpilf;fhjh? vd;W Njbf;nfhz;bUg;gjhfj; njhptpj;jhh;. jpUNtq;flKilad; mee;jho;thidg;gw;wp mUspa jdpad;fs; jpUNtq;flKilaid Nrtpg;gjw;fhf =uq;j;jpypUe;J te;j thj;];a tujhrhh;ah; (elhJ}uk;khs;) KjyhNdhh; jpUkiyapy; VWk;nghOJ grp jhq;fhky; tUe;jpdh;. mg;NghJ =it\;zt g;uk;kr;rhhp xUtd; Nfhtpy; g;urhjq;fis mth;fsplk; nfhLj;jhd;. mth;fs; mtid eP ahh; vd;W Nfl;ljw;F mtd; ehd; mee;jho;thDila rp\;ad; vd;W $wpdhhd;. mijf; Nfl;l mth;fs; mg;gbahdhy; cd; Mrhh;ad; jdpaidr; nrhy;Y vd;w cld;, mtd; fPof;fz;l ,uz;L jdpad;fisr; nrhd;dhd;. mth;fSk; re;Njfk; jPh;e;J g;urhjj;ij mKJ nra;jdh;. jpUkiy nrd;W mt;tp\aj;ij nrhd;dhh;fs;. mee;jho;thd; mjw;F `jdf;F mg;gb ahWk; rp\;ah; ,y;iy’ vd;W njhptpj;jhh;. mth;fs; te;jJ jpUNtq;flKilahNd vd;W KbT nra;jdh;. ,d;Wk; ,e;j ,uz;L jdpad;fs; N]tpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

mfpyhj;k Fzhth]k; mQ;Qhe jpkpuhg`k; / Mr;hpjhehk; ]{ruzk; te;Nj mee;jhh;a Nj]pfk; // =kj; uhkhE[hrhh;a =ghj mk;NghU`j;tak; / ]Jj;jkhq;f ]e;jhh;ak; mee;jhh;ak; m`k; gN[// kw;WKs;s jdpad; ajPe;j;ughjhk;G[rQ;rhPfk; =kj;jahghyjiafghj;uk; =Ntq;fNl]hq;f;hpAfhe;juq;fk; ekhk; aee;jhh;akee;jf;Uj;t: mde;jho;thd; GU\hfhuj;jhy; kpsfho;thd; Nkh\k; miljy; kpstho;thd; jdf;F Nkhr\k; NtZk; vd;W vk;ngUkhdhiu Ntz;bf; nfhz;lNghJ mth; ePh; jpUkiyapy; Ngha; jpUNtq;flKlahid Ntz;bf; nfhs;tJ vd;W epakpj;jhh;. mg;gb mq;F nrd;W gyehs; Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhYk; ngUkhs; mjw;F nrtp rha;f;f tpy;iy. mg;NghJ ,th; mde;jho;thidr; Nrtpj;J Ntz;bf;nfhs;s, mth; mbNad; NjthPUf;fhf Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpNwd; vd;W tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;. mg;gbNa elf;f, kWehs; vk;ngUkhd; kpstho;thDf;F Nkhr\ rhk;uh[;aj;ij je;jhd; vd;W rhpj;jpuk; $WfpwJ. thopj;jpehkk; kiyapy; Ntq;fltw;F khkdhh; thopNa kzpr;Rlh;Nfhd; mde;jndd te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa cyFf;Nfhh; jQ;rnkd cjpj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa cyFKz;lkhybia cfe;Ja;e;jhd; thopNa ,yFrpj;jpiu jd;dpy; rpj;jpiuNahd; thopNa ve;ijnajpurhrh; ,izabNahd; thopNa myh;Nky; kq;if jpUTf;F mg;gdhh; thopNa mde;jho;thd; jpUtbfs; mdtujk; thopNa. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; =Ntq;flhj;hp fkpJ: ifq;fh;Na\{ e;aAq;f;j ak; uhkhE[hh;a]; j];ik ];ahj; mde;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

elhJuk;khs; (thj;];a tujhrhh;)

vq;fsho;thd; (jpUtbapy; elhJhuk;khs;) - jpUnts;siw -mtjhu];jyk;

jdpad; te;Nj`k; tujhh;ae;jk; tj;rhgp[d G+\zk; gh\;ahk;Uj g;ujhehj; a: re;[Ptajp khkgp ,j;jdpaidf; nfhLj;J cjtpa = S uhftd; ];thkpf;F kpf;f ed;wp. thopj;jpUehkk; Rj;jFz tpl;Lrpj;jd; RlubNahd; thopNa RUjg; gpufhrpifiar; nrhy;ypitj;Njhd; thopNa jj;tg;uNkaj;jpd; jukwpe;Njhd; (rhukPe;Njhd;) thopNa Gj;jpkpFrhuhh;j;j rJ\;laj;Njhd; thopNa Gfo;ghbag;nghUisg; Gjh;f;fspg;Nghd; thopNa Rpj;jpiuapy; rpj;jpiuehs; fr;rpte;Njhd; thopNa rPuhUk; mk;khs; jd;Nrtbfs; thopNa.

jpq;fs; Nghd;w jpUKfk; thopNa jpUkz;fhg;Gj; jpfo; new;wp thopNa njhq;F Kg;GhpE}y; khh;G thopNa Njhd;wpyr;rpidj; Njhs; kpf thopNa jq;F Nfhrk; tpsq;Fif thopNa jhq;F rpd;Kj;jpiu tpuy; thopNa nghq;F tj;]Fy tujhhpad; nghd;kyh;g;gjk; thopa thopNa jpUehkk; - thj;];a tujhrhh;ah;, elhJ}uk;khs; gpjhk`h; - elhJ}uho;thd; mtjhu];jyk; - fhQ;rPGuk; Mrhh;ah; - vq;fsho;thd; mUspa f;ue;jk; - jj;t]huk;, ruNkhgha]q;f;u`k;, =gh\;Nahge;ah]k;, cNghj;fhjk;, g;uNkakhiy, ajpuh[tp[agzk;, ]huhh;j;j]q;fu`k;, ];Nyhfj;tak;, guj;thjpgQ;rfKk; u`];aKk; mUspr; nra;jhh;. (jpUehq;$h; =.c.Nt P.B.K.=epthrhrhh;ah; ];thkp (= thR ];thkp) njhFj;jUspa Mrhh;ah;fs; mUspr; nra;j gl;Nlhiy vd;Dk; E}y; ,Ue;J NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ vWf;fg;gl;lJ) ,th; elhJuho;thd; Nguhh; Mthh;. (elhJuho;thd; ,uhkhD[hpd; rNfhjhpapd; Fkhuh; Mthh;). ,th; =ghjj;jpNy ];Ujg;ufh]pfhgl;lh;, fplhk;gp mg;gps;shd;. fplhk;gp mg;gps;shd; =ghjj;jpNy Jhg;gpy;gps;is vd;Dk; Ntjhe;jhrhh;ah;. elhJuho;thd; ,tiu jd;Dila rp\;auhd vq;fsho;thid Mr;uapf;Fk;gb mDg;gpdhh;. ,th; mUspAs;s ];Njhj;uq;fs; - ];Nyhfj;tak;, fN[e;juNkhr\k;, guj;thjp gQ;rfk;. (,itfs; fhiyapy; mD]e;jpf;f Ntz;ba ];Nyhfq;fshFk;) ,th; mUspAs;s vq;fsho;thd; jdpad; =tp\;Z rpj;j gjgq;f[ ]q;fkha NrNjh kk ];g;U`aNj fpkj: gNuz / Neh Nre;kkhgp ajpNrfu ghujPehk; ght: fjk; gtpJkh;`jp thf;tpNja : // ,th; vq;fsho;thd; rp\;ah;fspy; Kjd;ikahdth;. ,th; mUspa jj;t]huk; vd;Dk; f;ue;jj;jpy; vq;fsho;thdpd; ngUikiaf; $Wk; =tp\;Zrpj;j vd;W njhlq;Fk; Kjy; ];NyhfNk vq;fsho;thDf;Fj; jdpadha; mike;jJ. (,J NkNy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

elhJhuk;khs; itgr;RUf;fk; ,th; fhQ;rPGuj;jpy; elhJ}uho;thDf;F jpUg;Nguhdhf mtjhpj;jhh;. ,th; jkJ gpjhk`Uk; =gh\;a ]pk;`hrehjpgjpfspy; xUtUkhd elhJ}uho;thdplj;jpy; =gh\;a fhyNr\k; Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpaNghJ mfpyGte vd;W njhlq;Fk; =gh\;a kq;fs ];Nyhfj;jpd; tptuzj;jpNyNa mfpyGte vd;W nrhy;YthNdd;? epfpyGte vd;Nwh ]fyGte vd;Nwh nrhy;yyhfhNjh? vd;W Nfs;tp Nfl;lhh;. tajhdtuhd elhJ}uo;thd; thypguhd jk; NguDf;Fj; jf;fgb fhyNr\gk; nrhy;YtJ jk;khy; ,ayhJ vd;W czh;e;J jpdTnflr; nrhy;Ytd; jpUnts;siwr; NrhoPad;. eP jpUnts;siwf;Fr; nrd;W vq;fsho;thdplk; =gh\;a fhyNr\hk; Nfs; vd;W epakpj;Jf; fhQ;rpapypUe;J mtiu jpUnts;siwf;F mDg;gpdhh;. jpUnts;siwf;F xU ehs; tpbaw; fhiyapy; te;J Nrh;e;j ,th; vq;fsho;thd; jpUkhspiff; fjitj; jl;b mioj;jhh;. cs;spUe;J vq;fsho;thd; ahh; te;jpUg;gJ vd;W fl;f mjw;F ehlhJhuk;khs; ehd; jhd;te;jpUf;fpNwd; vd;W gjpy; nrhd;dhh;. ,ijf; Nfl;l clNd vq;fshothd; ehd; nrj;J thUk; vd;W fjitj; juf;fkNy gjpy; $wpdhh;. fhQ;rpGuk; jpUk;gpa gpwF jk; gpjhk`hplk; ehlhJhuk;khs; ele;j tw;iw vy;yhk; nrhd;dhh;. ,ijf; Nfl;l elhJhh; Mo;thd; nghpath;fsplk; khpahijahfg; NgrNtz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;yp ehd; vd;gjw;F gjpyhf mbNad; vd;W nghpNahh;fsplk; ngsakhf NgrNtz;Lk; vd;W mwpTwpj;jp ,tiu kPz;Lk; jpUnts;siwf;F NghFk;gb nrhy;yp mth; Nfl;gjw;F mbNad; vd;W gjpy; nrhy;yr; nrhd;dhh;. mjd;gb ,tUk; mthplk; ele;J nfhz;lhh;. vq;fsho;thDk; ,tiu jk; rp\;auhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L gftj;tp\aj;ij ,tUf;F mUspdhh;. ,jdhy; vq;fsho;thd; ehlhJhuk;khSf;F Mrhhpad; Mdhh;. mjd; fhuzkhfNt vq;fsho;thd; mk;khs; Mrhhpad; vd;W miof;fg;lhh;. ehlhJhuk;khSk; ,thplk; Nfl;l gftj;tp\aj;ij jk;Kila gy rp\;ah;fSf;Fk; Njtg;ngUkhs; rd;djpapy; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jhh;. vq;fsho;thDf;F rukji]apy; nrq;fkyehr;rpahh; vd;w ngz;%yk; gpwe;j njs`pj;uDf;F (NguDf;F) tujhrhh;ah; vd;Dk; jk; jpUehkj;ijNaapl;L ];tPf;UfGj;uh; Mf;fpdhh;. ,tiuf; nfhz;L elhJ}uk;khs; vq;fsho;thDf;F ruk ifq;fh;aq;fs; elj;jpaUspdhh;. tujhrhh;aUf;F ,th; rfy mh;j;jq;fSk; fw;gpj;J itj;jhh;. tujhrhh;ah; guk;giu ,d;Wk; njhlh;e;J tUfpwJ. NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspAl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgkQ;[hpy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. Mo;thh; Mrhh;ah;fs; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

= :

=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek: =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

=tpQ;rp%h; jhjhr;rhh;ah; ];thkp, =gps;isNyhfk; [Pah;, =Qhdj;jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp,jpUf;FWq;Fb = = xd;whd NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp - tU\ jpUer\j;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu – jpUNthzk;

= tpQ;rp%h; jhjhrhhpah; ];thkp (=nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpapd; Ngud;)

= tpQ;rp%h; jhjhrhhpah; ];thkp, =tpy;ypGj;Jhh; Gifg;glk; cjtp:= c.Nt.tpQ;rp%h; Ntq;flhrhh; ];thkp

jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - =myq;fhu Ntq;flth; ];thkp (= mUshsg;ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUf;Fkhuh;) jhjhrhhpah; vd;w ngah; Vw;glf; fhuzk; jpUNtq;fl%h;j;jp (myq;fhu Ntq;flth;) jk; jpUj;jfg;gdhh; af;Q %h;j;jp (mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh;) vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfspy; Mr;uapj;J rd;ahr Mr;ukpaha; =mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhh; vd;Dk; jpUehkj;Jld; =uq;fj;jpy; ,Ug;gij mwpe;J mq;F te;J mtiuAk;

vk;ngUkhdhiuAk; jd;ldpl;L epd;whh;. vk;ngUkhdhUk; mtUf;F gQ;r]k;];fhuk; Kjypaitfisr; nra;J myq;fhuNtq;flth; vd;W jpUehkkpl;L jd;Dila rp\;auhf;fpdhh;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpAw;w nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp jd; kfs; myh;Nky; kq;ifia myq;fhu Ntq;flth;f;F jpUf;fy;ahzk; nra;J itj;jhh;. myq;fhu Ntq;flth;f;F jpUNtq;flKilahd; jpUtUshy; xU Fkhuh; mtjpupj;jhh;. jpUNtq;flKilahDk; nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpfSf;Fr; Nrit rhjpf;fj; jpUTs;sk; nfhz;L mth; jpUkQ;rdj;jpw;fhf kz; fyrj;jpy; jPh;j;jk; vLj;J tUifapy;, Nguf;Foe;ijahf tbTnfhz;L gpd;dhNy te;J fyrj;jpy; Jis nra;J jPh;j;jj;ijg; gUfpf; nfhz;L tu ek;gpAk; jpUk;gpg; ghhj;j rkak;, `jhj;jh jhj;jh’ vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl rd;dpjpf;Fs;Ns vOe;jUsp kiwe;jhh;. mij itj;Nj nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp jk; jpUg;NgudhUf;F `jhj;jhr;rhhpahh;’ vd;w jpUehkj;ij rhw;wpdhh;. `nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp Ngudhh; thopNa’ vd;w ngUikNa ,d;Wk; epytp tUfpwJ. mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhUk;; myq;fhu Ntq;fltUk; vOgj;jpdhY rpk;khrdhjpgjpfspy; xU tuhf epakpf;fg; ngw;W =it\;zt rk;gpujhaj;ij CUk; ehLk; cyFk; mwpa elj;jpf; nfhz;L te;jdh;. jhj;jhr;rhhpahh; jk; ghl;ldhuhd nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpfsplk; ,sikapNyNa =gh\;ak; Kjyhd Ntjhe;j Ehy;fisAk; rk;gpujhaq;fisAk; fw;Wj; njspe;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhhplKk; mUshsg; ngUkhs; vk;ngUkhdhhplKk;; myq;fhu Ntq;flthplKk; rh];jpu rpir\ ngw;whh;. ,q;qdk; FUguk;giuapy; gphprpj;jp ngw;;w Mrhh;a GU\h;fshd jpUkiy tpQ;rp%uhh; FLk;gj;jpy; te;j xUrpy FL;k;gq;fs; fhQ;rp kz;lyj;jpYk;, xUrpy FL;k;gq;fs; jpUr;rpj;jpu $lj;jpYk; (rpjk;guk;), xUrpy FL;k;gq;fs; =tpy;ypGj;Jhh;, Mo;thh; jpUefhp Kjypa jpt;a Njrq;fspy; tho;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;j mbNaDila jhahhpd; ghl;ldhh; = c.Nt rpj;jpu $lk; tpQ;rp%h; =epth]hrhh;ah; ];thkp jpUehq;$hpy; Rkhh; 125 tUlq;fs; Kd;G jpUkq;ifaho;thUf;fhfNt 11 fUlNrit cw;rtj;ij xU ij mk;khthir md;W Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. ,e;j cw;r;rtk; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; kpfTk; g;urpj;jp ngw;W ,d;wsTk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpwJ. Rkhh; Mapuk; Mz;Lfhsf tho;e;JtUk; ,e;j jhj;jhr;rhhpahh; tk;]j;jpdh; ,d;Wk; Mq;fhq;F cga Ntjhe;j tpj;thd;fsha; ]jhrhu ep];lh;fsha; gpugy gz;bjh;fsha; tpsq;fp tUfpwhh;fs;.

=gps;isNyhfk; [Pah;

=gps;isNyhfk; [Pah;, jpUty;ypf;Nfzp

Gifg;glk; cjtp: = gps;isNyhfk; ,uhkhD[hrhhpah; ];thkp;, jpUty;ypf;Nfzp

jdpad; =rlhhp FNuhh;jpt;a =ghjhg;[ kJt;ujk; =kj; ajPe;ju g;utzk; =Nyhfhh;a Kepk; gN[ thopj;jpUehkk;

rPuhUk;fr;rpefh; rpwf;fte;Njhd; thopNa rpj;jpiuapNyhzj;jp Yjpj;j nry;tdhh; thopNa VuhUk; Foy;klthhpd; gWj;Njhd; thopNa ajPe;jpug;gputzg; gpughtk; vLj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa ePuhUtuq;fj;jpy; epiuNtw;wpdhd; thopNa ePNuNyhfhhpa ndd;W epakdk; ngw;Nwhd; thopNa jhuhUkh wdb jpdk;njhONthd; thopNa jhuzpapy; Nyhfkzp jhs;fnsd;Wk; thopNa

kq;fs ];Nyhfk; =kj;ajPe;j;ug;utz g;ught g;ujpjhj;kNe =fhh;f;atk;r;a Nyhfhh;a KeNa epj;akq;fsk;

,th; mUspAs;s f;ue;jq;fs;

1. uhkhE[hh;a jpt;arhpij 2. ajPe;j;ug; g;utzg;gpughtk; 3. ,uhkhEr Ehw;we;jhjp tpahf;ahdk; 4. mh;j;j gQ;rfk; tpahf;ahdk; 5. ]g;jfhij tpahf;ahdk; 6. cgNjruj;jpdkhiy tpahf;ahdk; 7. jpUtha;nkhop Ehw;we;jhjp tpahf;ahdk; 8. Mh;j;jpgpuge;jk; tpahf;ahdk; 9. ajpuh[tpk;rjp tpahf;ahdk; 10. = it\;zt ]kahrhuep\;fh;\k; 11. ehyhapu jpt;ag;uge;j jdpad;fSf;F tpahf;ahdk; 12. ,ay;rhw;W tpahf;ahdk; 13. cgNjrj; jpUehkk; 14. jpUke;jpuhh;j;j mUk;gjk; 15. nra;ajhkiu thopj;jpUehk tpahf;ahdk; gps;isNyhfk; vd;W ngah; tuf;fhuzk;

fhh;fP Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; mtjhpj;j eLtpyho;thd;, 74 rp;k;;khrehjpgjpfspy; xUtuhthh;. ,tuJ topj;Njhd;wyhfg; gpw;fhyj;jpy; tpsq;fpath; gut];J gl;lh;gpuhd; [Pah;. ,th; khKdpfspd; m\;ljpf;f[q;fspy; xUth;. ,tUila g;ungsj;udhh; tujhrhhpah;. ,th; mghukhd ghz;baj;jk; cilath;. ,th; jhk; mUspa `ajPe;j;ug; g;utzg;gpughtk;’ vd;fpw fpue;jj;ij =uq;fj;jpy; ek;ngUkhs; rd;dpjpapy; fhyN\gk; nra;jhh;. ,ijf;Nfl;L ek;ngUkhs; kpfTk; jpUTs;sk; cfe;J ,tiu `ePh; NyhfhhpaNu’ vd;W mUsg;ghL ,l;L, ,tUf;F rfy khpahijfisAk; nra;J, gQ;rNguh;fSlNd vOe;jUsp ,Ue;j gps;isNyhfhrhhpahUila jpUthuhjdg; ngUkhshfpa mofpa kzthsidAk; nfhLj;J mZf;fwfpj;jhh;. ,e;j epfo;tpw;Fg;gpwF vy;NyhUk; ,tiu `gps;isNyhfk; [Pah;’ vd;W mioj;jdh;. ,ij fPo;fz;l ];Nyhfk; tptwpf;fpwJ.

uq;Nf ]h;t g;uge;jhk;];r r;Uj;th fUl kz;lNg / Nyhfhrhh;Najp jj;Nuhf;j : uq;fpzh guNk\;beh //

jpUf;fly;ky;iyapy; Kjy;; jPh;j;j khpahij

gps;isNyhfk; [Pah; jk;Kila rp\;auhd tp[a efuhjpgjpahd guhq;Fr kd;didf; nfhz;L jpUf;fly;ky;iy (khky;yGuk;) jpt;a Njrj;jpy; CUf;Fs; ]d;dpjpiaf; fl;b jyradg;ngUkhis vOe;jUsg; gz;zp ]fy khpahijfisAk; Kjy; jPh;j;jkhpahijAk; ngw;wJld;, jd;Dila guk;giuapdUk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; vy;yh khpahijfisAk; mEgtpf;Fk;gb nra;jhh;. ,tUila tk;] guk;giu tptuk;: Nfhtpe;j jh]ug;gh; (gut];J gl;lh; gpuhd; [PPah;) | mz;zd;, mofpa kzthsd; | gut];J ehadhh; (mofpa kzthshd; jpUf;Fkuhh;) | rlNfhghrhh;ah; (jpUtha;nkhopg; ngUkhs; ehadhh;) | tujhrhh;ah; (gps;isNyhfk; [Pah;) | nts;is [Pah; (mofpa kzthshd;) ,e;j tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;j = c.Nt gps;isNyhfk; ];jyradj;Jiwthh; ];thkp nrhy;yhYk; vOj;jhYk; ]k;g;ujha g;uth;j;jfuhf jpUty;ypf;Nfzpapy; tpsq;fp te;jhh;. ,th; tk;rj;jhh;fs; gy rp\;ah;fSf;F gQ;r]k;];fhuk; nra;J itj;J c[;[Ptpg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

= Qhdj;jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp (= Mj;jhd; ];thkpapd; jpUf;Fkhuh;) jdpad; tujhh;aFNuh: Gj;uk; jj;gjhg;i[f jhufk; [;Qhegf;jpahjp [yjpk; te;Nj ]{e;juNjrpfk; ghJNf ajpuh[];a fjae;jp ajhf;aah j];a jh]uNj: ghnjs ]pu]h jhuahk;a`k; irj;Nu];utz er\j;Nu =kj; tj;] FNyhj;gtk; tujhh;a FNuh ]p\;ak; ]{e;juhh;ak; ]kh];uNa = theiry Kepuh[ gjhg;[ ]q;fhj; uhkhE[hh;a jea]; ]{juhk;gghN]

rPh; thkp mofg;gdUs; tha;j;j jpUtbfs; thop tujhrhhpad; tho;ike;jd; - thopNa rlNfhgd; jz;lkpioj; jhuzp Nahhpf;nfy;yhk; jplkhfNt ciuf;Fk; rPh;. thopj;jpUehkk; rPPuhUk; nrq;fkyj;jpUj;jhspid thopNa jpUKoe;jhSk; Fwq;Fk; jpUtiuAk; thopNa ghuhUe; jpUTe;jpg; gl;lhil thopNa gq;faj;jhh; ciwkhh;Gk; gizg;GaKk; thopNa fhuhUk; jpUf;FoYk; fOj;joFk; thopNa fUiznghop tpopAk; fhjpuz;Lk; thopNa VuhUe; jpUehrp ,yq;F Kb thopNa vq;fs; mofg;igaq;fhh; ,dpJhop thopNa njhq;fy; khybahh; thokjps; FU$h; jhd; tho rPykpF ek;kho;thh; rPh;tho – rhyNt ve;epyKk; Nghw;Wk; vopy; mofg;ghhpaNd ,d;DnkhU Ehw;whz;bUk;. ,tUila jpUehkk; - ]{e;juhrhhpahh; jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - = tujhrhhpahh; (Mj;jhd; ];thkp) jpUf;Fkhuh; - (nghpa) rlNfhghrhhpahh; Qhdj;jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; vd;W ngah; tuf;fhuzk; ]fyrh];j;u epGzh;fshd k`tpj;thd;fSk; $l ,th; ]k;ge;jk; ngw;whnyhopa Mo;thh; mUspar; nray; t;ahf;aheq;fis Ghpe;J nfhs;stJ mhpJ vd;W epidf;Fk;gbAk;, ,uhkhE[]pj;jhe;jj;jpd; vy;iyf;F tp[aj;t[G+juhAk; ,Ue;jgbahy; ,tiu vy;yhUk; `Qhdj;jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh;’ vd;Nw nfhz;lhbdhh;fs;. ,th; mUspr;nra;jitfs; ]huhh;j;j khiy, <l;Lf;Fg; ghl;L NjhWk; cge;ah]k;, jpUtha;nkhop gj;J gj;Jf;Fk; cgd;ahrk;, cNghj;fhNjhge;ah]k;, epfke cgd;ahrk;, <l;L g;ukhzj;jpul;f;F ciu, jpUg;ghit jhj;gh;ak;, jpUg;ghitf;fUj;J, jpUke;j;uNah[id, j;taNah[id cgd;ahrk;, %thapuj;Jf;Fk; g;ukhzj;jpul;L, uhkhE[u`];aj;ua t;ahf;ahek;, =tre G+\z, Mrhh;a`;Uja g;ukhzj;jpul;L Kjyhdit.

uhkhE[u`];aj;uak; 1. Xk; eNkh uhkhE[ha 2. =kj; uhkhE[ runzs ]uzk; g;ugj;Na =kNj uhkhE[ha ek: 3. ]h;tfh;khzp ]e;j;a[;a uhkhE[ ,jp ];ku tpG+jpk; ]h;tG+Njg;Nah jjhk;Najj; t;ujk; kk =kj; uhkhE[ FuNt ek: ,th; mUspr;nra;Js;s uhkhE[u`];aj;uak; t;ahf;ahej;ij `=irNyrjahghj;uk;’ vd;fpw khjg; gj;jphpifapy; - ,jo;fs; - gq;Fdp (03.04.2009), rpj;jpiu (03.05.2009), itfhrp (03.06.2009) mfpatw;wpy; fhzyhk;. Kjypy; ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; vk;ghUf;F ,e;j ke;j;uj;taj;ij g;u]hjpj;jUsdhh;. gpd;dh; vk;ghh; njhlq;fp khKdpfs; Vw;gLj;jpa m\;ljpf;f[q;fs; tiu ,J njhlh;e;J cgNjrpf;fg;gl;L te;jJ vd;W Kd;Ndhh; $Wthh;fs;. jpUf;FWq;Fb = = xd;whd NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp

th;j;jkhd =NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp Gifg;gl cjtp : = Rjh;rdk; ];thkp, jpUty;ypf;Nfzp jpUf;FWq;Fb = = xd;whd NguUshs uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkpia gw;wpa tptuk; jkpopy; fpilf;ftpy;iy (kzpg;gpuths eilapy; cs;sJ vd;W Nfs;tp) Mo;thh; vk;NgUkhdhh; [PPah; jpUtbfNs ruzk;

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

=: =kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

=kj; tutuKeNa ek: ek;ngUkhs; tU\jpUel;rj;jpuk; - rpj;jpiu - Nutjp

jdpad; irj;Nu Nutjp ]Q;[hjk; n]sk;a [hkhjuk; g;uGk; / te;Nj thjp]y;a epyak; fy;ahzFz]hfuk; // y\;kPfy;gyNjhj;Jq;f ];je];jgfrQ;ry: / =uq;fuh[g;Uq;Nfh Nk ukjhk; khe]hk;GN[ // ek;ngUkhs; mUspr;nra;jJ =i]Ny ]jahghj;uk; jPgf;ahjp Fzhh;ztk; / ajPe;jug;utzk; te;Nj uk;a[hkhjuk; Kepk; // =uq;f kh`hj;kpak; (j]hj;ahaP 1.7) ];Nyhfk; =uq;f kJyk; Nr\j;uk; =ah [{\;lk; ]{gh];gjk; aj;fj;th e eNuh ahjp eufk; rhg;aNjhfjpk; (nry;tk; epiwe;jjha; kq;fsq;fSf;F ,Ug;gplkhd =uq;fj;ij mile;j kdpjd; eufj;ijAk; jho;e;j fjpfisAk; miltjpy;iy)

=uq;fehj];Njhj;uk; (=guhrugl;lh; mUspr;nra;jJ) – Kjy; ];Nyhfk; ]g;jg;uhfh kj;Na ]u]p[ KFNshj; gh]khNe tpkhNe fhNthP kj;aNjN] k;UJju gzpuhl;Nghfgh;aq;f ghNf / epj;uhKj;uhgp uhkk; fbepfl]pu: ghh;];ttpe;a];j`];jk; gj;khjhj;hPfuhg;ahk; ghprj ruzk; uq;fuh[k; gN[s`k; //

thopj;jpUehkk; nghpa ngUkhs; jpUkfSk; kz;kfSk; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa nra;atpilj; jha;kfshh; Nrtpg;Nghd; thopNa ,UtpRk;gpy; tPw;wpUf;F kpikath;Nfhd; thopNa ,lh;fbag; ghw;fliy va;jpdhd; thopNa mhpa jaujd; kfdhatjhpj;jhd; thopNa me;jhpahkpj;JtK khapdhd; thopNa ngUfp tUk; nghd;dp eLg; gpd;Japd;whd; thopNa nghpangUkh nsq;fs;gpuh dbfs; thopNa. nghpa gpuhl;bahh; gq;fag; G+tpw; gpwe;j ghit ey;yhs; thopNa gq;Fdpapy; cj;jpuehs; ghUjpj;jhs; thopNa kq;ifah;fs; jpyjnkd te;j nry;tp thopNa khyuq;fh; kzpkhh;ig kd;Dkts; thopNa vq;fnsopw; Nridkd;dh;f; fpjKiuj;jhs; thopNa ,Ugj;jQ;Rl;nghUs; khypak;Gkts; thopNa nrq;fkyr; nra;auq;fk; nropf;f te;jhs; thopNa rPuq;fehafpahh; jpUtbfs; thopNa. (nghpa ngUkhSf;Fk; ek;ngUkhSf;Fk; xNu thopj;jpUehkk;) ,tUila ngUikia vLj;J ciuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy ghRuk; 38Mk; ghRuk; vk;ngUkhdhh; jhprdnkd;Nwapjw;F ek;ngUkhs; Nghpl;L ehl;bitj;jhh; - mk;GtpNahh; ,e;jjj;jhprdj;ij nak;ngUkhdhh; tsh;j;j me;jr;nraywpiff;fh.

50Mk; ghRuk; ek;ngUkhs; ek;kho;thh;. eQ;rPah; ek;;gps;is nad;gh;. mtuth;jk; Nkw;wj;jhy; - md;GilNahh; rhw;W jpUehkq;fs; jhndd;W ed;ndQ;Nr Vj;jjidr; nrhy;yp eP apd;W. miuah; nfhz;lhl;lk; * kjfhpNghy; kjpsuq;fj;Nj JapYk; mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; kz;zpy; ngUkhnsd;whh;f;nfy;yhk; ngUkhs; kd;DtpgPlzh;f;F ,yq;ifaspj;j ngUkhs; ];thkp mtjhu Njtuhfpa nja;trpfhkzpNa !

*ed;wp : = c.Nt.Dr.V.V.uhkhE[d; ];thkp 10 Mo;thh;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;lhSk; 247 ghRuq;fs; nfhz;L jpUtuq;fid kq;fshrhrdk; nra;Js;sdh;. mtw;Ws; rpy ghRuq;fis ,q;Nf ehk; mDgtpg;Nghk;.

ngha;ifaho;thh; - Kjy;jpUte;jhjp - 6Mk; ghRuk; xd;Wk; kwe;jwpNad; xj ePh; tz;zid ehd; ,d;W kwg;gNdh? Viofhs;. md;W fUtuq;fj;Js; fple;J if njhONjd; fz;Nld; jpUtuq;f Nkahd; jpir. G+jj;jho;thh; - ,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp - 46Mk; ghRuk; gapd;wJ muq;fk; jpUf;Nfhl;b. gd;dhs; gapd;wJTk; Ntq;flNk. gd;dhs; gapd;wJ mzpjpfOk; Nrhiy mzpePh;kiyNa kzpjpfOk; tz;jlf;if khy;.

Ngaho;thh; - Kd;whk; jpUte;jhjp - 61Mk; ghRuk; gz;nly;yhk; Ntq;flk; ghw;fly; itFe;jk; nfhz;lq;F ciwthh;f;Ff; Nfhapy; Nghy; - tz;L tsq;fpsUk; ePs;Nrhiy tz;G+q;fbif ,sq;Fkud; jd; tpz;zfh;.

jpUkopiraho;thh; jpUr;re;j tpUj;jk; - 52Mk; ghRuk; nghw;iwAw;w Kw;wy; ahid. Nghh; vjph;e;J te;jij gw;wp cw;W kw;wjd;. kUg;nghrpj;j ghfd; Ch; rpw;nwapw;W Kw;wy; %q;fpy; %d;W jz;lh; xd;wpdh; mw;w gw;wh; Rw;wp thOk; me;jzPh; muq;fNk. ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 36Mk; ghRuk; ehfj;jizf; Fle;ij. nt/fh jpUntt;Ts; ehfj;jiz muq;fk; Ngud;gpy;. ehfj; jizg; ghw;fly; fplf;Fk; Mjp neLkhy; mizg;ghh; fUj;jdhthd;. ek;kho;thh; jpUtha;nkhop - 7Mk; gj;J 2Mk; jpUtha;nkhop 6Mk; ghRuk; ikay; nra;J vd;id kdk; fth;e;jhNd! vd;Dk; khkhaNd ! vd;Dk; nra;atha; kzpNa! vd;Dk; jz;Gdy;#o; jpUtua;fj;Js;sha;! vd;Dk; nta;aths; jz;L rq;F rf;fuk; tpy;Nye;Jk; tpz;Nzhh;Kjy; vd;Dk; ignfhs; ghk;gizaha; ,ts; jpwj;jUsha; ghtpNad; nraw;ghyJNt. jpUtpUj;jk; - 28Mk; ghRuk; jz;ze;Joha; tis nfhs;tJ ahk; ,og;Nghk;. eLNt tz;ze;Johtp Xh; thil cyhTk;. ts;tha; myfhy; Gs; ee;J cohNk nghUePh;j; jpUtuq;fh! mUsha; vz;zk; JohTk; ,lj;J. csNth gz;Lk; ,d;dd;dNt? FyNrfuho;thh; - ngUkhs; jpUnkhop - 3Mk; jpUnkhop - 1Mk; ghRuk; nka;apy; tho;f;ifia nka;nadf; nfhs;Sk;. ,t; itak; jd;ndhLk; $Ltjpy;iy ahd; IaNd! muq;fh! vd;wiof;fpd;Nwd; ikay; nfhz;nlhope;Njd; vd;jd; khYf;Nf!.

nghpaho;thh; jpUnkhop - 4Mk; gj;J 8Mk; jpUnkhop 2Mk; ghRuk; gpwg;;gfj;Nj khz;nlhope;j gps;isfis ehy;tiuAk; ,iwg;nghOjpy; nfhzh;e;J nfhLj;J xUg;gbj;j ciwg;gD}h; kiwg;gnUe;jP tsh;j;jpUg;ghh; tUtpUe;ij mspj;jpUg;ghh; rpwg;Gila kiwath; tho; jpUtuq;fk; vd;gJNt. =Mz;lhs; - ehr;rpahh; jpUnkhop - 11Mk; jpUnkhop - 3Mk; ghRuk; nghq;Nfhjk; #o;e;j GtdpAk; tpz;ZyFk; mq;fhJk; NrhuhNk Ms;fpd;w vk;ngUkhd; nrq;NfhYila jpUtuq;fr; nry;tdhh; vq;Nfhy; tisahy; ,lh; jPh;tuhfhNj? njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; jpUkhiy - 30Mk; ghRuk; kdj;jpNyhh; J}a;ik ,y;iy thapNyhh; ,d;nrhy; ,y;iy rpdj;jpdhy; nrw;wk; Nehf;fpj; jP tpsp tpstd; thsh Gdj;Joha; khiyahNd. nghd;dp#o; jpUtuq;fh vdf;fpdpf; fjpnad; nrhy;tha; vd;id MSila NfhNt. jpUgs;spnaOr;rp - 7Mk; ghRuk; me;juj;jkuh;fs; $l;lq;fs; ,itNah? mUe;jt KdptUk; kUjUk; ,tNuh? ,e;jpud; MidAk; jhDk; te;jptNdh? vk;ngUkhd; cd Nfhapypd; thry; Re;juh; neUf;f tpr;rhjuh; E}f;f ,af;fUk; kaq;fpdh; jpUtbj; njhOthd; me;juk; ghhplk; ,y;iy kw;wpJNth muq;fj;jk;kh! gs;sp vOe;jUshNa. jpUg;ghzo;thh; - mkyehjpgpuhd; - 7Mk; ghRuk; ifapdhh; Rhprq;F mdy; Mopah;. ePs; tiuNghy; nka;adhh; Jsg tpiuahh; fko; ePs; Kb vk; Iadhh;. mzp muq;fdhh; mutpdiz kpir Nka khadhh; nra;a tha; INah! vd;idr; rpe;ij fth;e;jJNt.

jpUkq;ifaho;thh; nghpajpUnkhop - 5Mk; gj;J 6Mk; jpUnkhop Kjy; ghRuk; ifk;khd kofspw;iwf; fly; fple;j fUkzpia ikk;khd kujfj;ij kiw ciuj;j jpUkhiy vk;khid vdf;F vd;Wk; ,dpahidg; gdpfhj;j mk;khid. ahd; fz;lJ mzpePh;j; njd;duq;;fj;Nj. jpUFWe;jhz;lfk; - 13Mk;; ghRuk; ,Uk;G mdd;W cz;l ePUk; NghjUk; nfhs;f. vd;jd; mUk; gpzp ghtk; vy;yhk; mfd;wd vd;id tpl;L RUk;gkh; Nrhiy #o;e;j muq;fkh Nfhapy; nfhz;l fUk;gpidf; fz;L nfhz;L vd; fz;zpiz fspf;FkhNw. jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 23Mk; ghRuk; cs;SUk; rpe;ij Neha; vdf;Nf je;J. vd; xsptisAk; khepwKk; nfhz;lhh; ,q;Nf njs;SUk; ,se;njq;fpd; Njwy; khe;jpr; NrYfSk; jpUtuq;fk; ek;%h; vd;d fs;SUk; ige;Joha; khiyahidf; fdtplj;jpy; ahd; fhz;gd; fz;l NghJ Gs;SUk; fs;th! eP NghNfy; vd;gd; vd;whYk; ,J ekf;Nfhh; GytpjhNd. rpwpa jpUkly;

Muhkk; Ro;e;j muq;fk; ….. 71 ngwpa jpUkly;

kd;Dk; muq;fj;J vk;khkzpia …… 118

jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; mUspa ,ukhD[Ehw;we;jhjp - 2Mk; ghruk; fs;shh; nghopy; njd;duq;fd; fkyg;gjq;fs; neQ;rpw; nfhs;sh kdpriu ePq;fpf.; Fiway; gpuhdbf;fPo; tps;shj md;gd; ,uhkhDrd; kpf;f rPyky;yhy; cs;shnjd;ndQ;R. xd;wwpNad; vdf;Fw;w Nghpay;Nt.

kzthskhKdpfs; mUspa jpUtha;nkhop E}w;we;jhjp - 62Mk; ghRuk; fq;Fy; gfyujp iftpQ;rp NkhfKw mq;fjidf; fz;Nlh uuq;fiug;ghh;j;J - ,q;fpts;ghy; vd;nra;aePnuz;Zfpd;w njd;Dk; epiyNrh;khwd; mQ;r;nrhYw neQ;Rnts;is ahk;. kzthskhKdpfs; mUspa Mh;j;jpg;uge;jk; - 59Mk; ghRuk; ve;ij jpUtuq;fNuuhh; fUld;Nky; te;JKfq;fhl;b topelj;j. rpe;ijnra;jpg; nghy;yTlk;gjidg; Nghf;Ftnjd;dhs; nfhNyh? nrhy;yhnajpuhrh! #o;e;J. tpshQ;Nrhiyg;gps;is mUspa ]g;jfhij - 6Mk; ghRuk; mOf;nfd; wpitawpe;Nj dk;nghd;uq;fh! xopj;jUsh As;spy; tpidia - gopg;gpyh ntd;dh hpah;f;fhf ntk;ngUkhdhh;f;fhf cd; dhuUl;fhf Tw;W.

=FyNrfuh; mUspa KFe;jkhiy ];Nyhfk; F\;aNj a];a efNu uq;fahj;uh jpNe jpNe ! jk`k; ]pu]h te;Nj uh[hek; FyN]fuk;. ek; G+h;th;fSf;F ek;ngUkhs; vt;thW f;Uig nra;jhd; vd;gij Mo;thh;fs; ghRuq;fspypUe;Jk; Mrhh;ah;fs; itgq;fspypUe;Jk; ehk; gbj;J njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. kq;fs ];Nyhfk; y\;kp ruz yhr\hq;f ]hr\hr;r;hPtj;] tr\N] / Nr\kq;fuha ]h;Nt\hk; =uq;Nf]ha kq;fsk; // ek;ngUkhs; jpUtbfNs ruzk;. thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a: