Ciro Bigongiari Representing the KM3NeT

consortium UNWAT - 2007

A next generation neutrino telescope

A future research facility for deep sea sciences

A Consortium of 40 institutes from 10 European countries.

An EC Design Study for a neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean sea

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Cyprus: Univ. Cyprus Nicosia France: CEA/Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 (APC Paris, CPP Marseille,

IReS Strasbourg), Univ. Haute Alsace/GRPHE, IFREMER

Germany: Univ. Erlangen, FTZ (Univ. Kiel) Greece: HCMR Anavissos, HOU Patras, NCSR Athens,

NOA/Nestor Athens, Univ. Athens Ireland: DIAS Dublin Italy: CNR/ISMAR, INFN (Univs. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova,

Napoli, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, LNF Frascati), INGV, Tecnomare SpA

Netherlands: NIKHEF/FOM Amsterdam, Univ. Amsterdam, Univ. Utrecht, KVI ( Univ. Groningen)

Romania ISS Bucharest Spain: IFIC (CSIC) Valencia, Univ. Valencia, UP Valencia UK: Oceanlab (Univ. Aberdeen), Univ. Leeds, Univ. Liverpool,

Univ. Sheffield

Particle/Astroparticle institutes (32) – Sea science/technology institutes (7) – Coordinator

…

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Design Study supported by the European Union with 9 M€, overall budget ~20 M€.

Started on Feb. 1, 2006; will run for 3 years.

ObjectivesDesign a cost effective neutrino telescope with :

Effective volume > 1 Km3

Angular resolution for muons (for neutrino energy > 10 TeV) 0.1° Energy threshold : few 100 GeV. When pointing ~100 GeV Sensitivity to all neutrino flavors, CC/NC reactions Field of view, close to 4π for high energies Deliverables

Conceptual Design Report by Fall 2007 Technical Design Report by the end of 2008

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Many astrophysical objects can be sources of neutrinos Micro Quasars

Supernova Remnants

Pulsar Wind Nebula

Active Galactic Nucl. Gamma-Ray Burts

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Dark Matter

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> 25% Visibility

> 75% Visibility

Observed sky region in galactic coordinates assuming efficiency for downwardhemisphere.

Many candidate sources visible only from the northern hemisphere

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p

p

Earth

Undersea Neutrino Telescope

Neutrino source

Site choice will depend on:DepthDistance from shoreBioluminescence rateSedimentationBiofoulingSea currentsEarth quake profileAccess to on-shore

facilities

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Three Pilot Projects are already ongoing:

ANTARES NEMO NESTOR

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Many different geometries are under study by detailed simulations

Cuboid Ring

Hexagonal Clustered

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A Km3 detector means many detector units to be cabled. Experience teach us that wet-connections are a weak point.

Possible redundant data/power cabling layout

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KM3NeT will be composed of many identical units anchored to the sea bed. They can flexible or rigid.

Strings

Rigid towers Hybrid solution

NEMOANTARES NESTOR

Technology with double vessel system Decouple resistance to pressure and resistance to corrosion Redundancy of the protection system against water leakage Cost reduction Possibility to use not strategic material GRP & Steel instead of

Titanium Use of the electronic under pressure

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Steel vessel resistant to pressure

GRP vessel resistant to corrosionFilled with oil to transfer pressure to the inner steel vessel

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Segmentation of photo cathode of 10” PMT

Minimize the number of connectors per photocathode area:

Smart tube X-HPD

Multi PMTs in one glass sphere

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Furled detector unit before the deployment

Unfurled detector units

Many detector units can be deployed in one mission saving time and money

The deployment of a 1 Km3 requires a fast and cost-effective technique

KM3NeT site in ESONET (European Sea-floor Observatory NETwork): strategic long

term monitoring capability in geophysics, geo-technics, chemistry, biochemistry, oceanography, biology and fisheries.

EMSO (European Multi-disciplinary Sea-floor Observatory research infrastructure): management and conservation of marine resources, geo-hazards and climate change in the deep-sea

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The infrastructure of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope will serve as a platform for instrumentation for ocean sciences:

Oceanology Marine BiologyEnvironmental ScienceGeology and Geophysics

These sciences include measurements of the deep sea environment, including water purity, undersea current, bioluminescence monitoring, biosedimentation studies and sea floor studies and sea floor seismometry.

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Feb 2006 Jan 2008 Mid 2010

CDR TDR

Design Study Design Study

Preparatory PhasePreparatory Phase

Financial plan

Assembly model

ConstructionConstruction

Tenders

Now

The Mediterranean-Sea neutrino telescope projects ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR have proven the feasibility of large-scale deep-sea neutrino telescopes.

The EU-funded KM3NeT Design Study (2006-09) is well on its way Building on experience of ongoing neutrino telescope projects Many technological innovations needed New ideas developed CDR workshop in November 2007

FP7-Preparatory Phase proposal approved Commitments for construction Governance Site selection System prototype

Technical Design Report by the end of 2008.

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