ELEMENTS OF NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Assignment 2A :Case Study of the Rural, Suburban and Urban

Context

Date : 1 November 2012

Student Names :

Yap Zhong Lin (0310557)Yap Zhi Jun (0310738)Toh Chee Cheng (0311122)Valerie Joe C Arnesto (0304813)Dipti Gya (0311390)

Tutor Name : Sujatavani Gunasagaran

Tutorial Time : 8am – 11am

1

Intake : July 2012

Institute : Taylors Lakeside Campus

ABSTRACT

This report investigates the understanding and definition of the

elements of natural and built environment in different development of the

three contexts; rural, suburban and urban. Then followed by a brief history

about the area we choose; Kuang, Kepong and KL Sentral. The discussion

then focuses on facilities, pathways and design of the railway stations.

2

NO CONTENT PAGE1 ABSTRACT 2

2 CONTENT 3

3 INTRODUCTION 4

4 BRIEF INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE PROJECT AREAS 5

i) KL CENTRAL 6

ii) KEPONG 9

iii) KUANG 12

5 INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAY STATION IN PROJECT AREAS 14

i) KL CENTRAL 15

ii) KEPONG 16

iii) KUANG 17

6 COMPARISON 20

a) DESIGN

TABLE OF COMPARISON IN DESIGN 21

FENCES 22

LIGHTINGS 23

DRAINAGE SYSTEM 24

SIGNBOARDS 25

BLIND WALKWAYS 26

b) FACILITIES

TABLE OF COMPARISON IN FACILITIES 27

BENCHES 28

PARKING LOTS 29

VENDING MACHINES 30

ATM MACHINES 31

c) PATHWAYS

TABLE OF COMPARISON IN PATHWAYS 32

BRIDGE 33

STAIRCASE 34

ESCALATOR 35

ELEVATOR 36

7 CONCLUSION 37

8 COLLECTION 38

9 REFERENCES 39

CONTENT

3

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this report is to investigate the current state development of the rural, suburban and urban areas of Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor.

By observing our site visit to Kuang, Kepong and KL Central by train, this report describes about the facilities, pathways and design of the railway station. The report then discusses further more into comparison of the different train stop areas in development of the three contexts (rural, suburban and urban).

Before the current train development system we have in Kuala Lumpur, there were two stations that were already operational in the city. The first railway station ever built in Kuala Lumpur was inaugurated in September 22, 1886 by the British called the Resident Station. Constructed of wood and nipah palm roof, linking from Kuala Lumpur to Klang. However, the Resident Station was soon demolished in 1910 after the construction of the new and rebuilt Kuala Lumpur Station.

The Sultan Street Station was the second station constructed in 1892, located in Tun Tan Cheng Lock Road. It was designed based on the Resident Station and was stationed along the Pudu railway line. After the opening of the Kuala Lumpur Station, the Sultan Street Station was replaced by a smaller terminal station and as the years passes by, the station was left isolated and demolished in 1960.

The development of the railway stations built around the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor were significantly influenced by the colonial and mughal architecture at an early age. There are now about 115 railway stations around Malaysia, offering our city connectivity, convenience and an international lifestyle.

4

BRIEF INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE PROJECT

AREAS

5

KL SENTRAL

6

The blueprint of Kuala Lumpur Sentral began with the masterplan of a

“City-within-a-City” concept design by the renowned Japanese architecture,

Dr Kisho Kurokawa. He is responsible for this contemporary and

international concept of space, light and greenery. It has spacious plazas,

indoor courtyards, sidewalk cafés, shops, restaurants and pedestrian

walkways interspersed with landscaped green buffer zones, create a sense

of a harmonious existence, blending functionality with technology and

accessibility.

KL Sentral development comprises of 7 lots. Featuring a self-

contained city concept comprising of corporate office towers and business

suites, international hotels, luxurious condominium, a shopping mall and an

international exhibition, convention and entertainment centre. It is an

exclusive centre built around Malaysia’s largest transit hub, offering global

connectivity, excellent investment opportunities, business convenience and

an international lifestyle.

7

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1138871&page=89

It is the first city in Malaysia to portray the new characteristic of a

global city, where work, live and play co-exist in a harmonic environment.

This prime 72-acre freehold commercial and residential environment is built

around a world class transportation hub.

The KL Sentral Station which is named Lot H, is the center of the

development, where the state-of-the-art transportation hub for Kuala

Lumpur’s integrated rail transportation, seamlessly links all urban and

suburban residential, commercial and industrial areas.

Its infrastructure supports six rail networks which was completed in

December 2000, the KLIA Express Rail link, KLIA Transit, Rapid KL

(Putra), KTM Komuter, KTM Intercity and KL Monorail Services. Lot H also

offers job opportunities for small businesses to set up their business as

retail or food and beverage. Situated on 9.3 acres the main building has a

gross floor area of half a million sq ft.

8

Internal and external of KL Sentral

KEPONG

9

Kepong is one of the major townships in Kuala Lumpur. Situated in a

more suburban environment where housing areas are more populated than

commercial buildings due to the spreading concept of a balanced lifestyle.

Although there are shopping malls like Jusco, Carrefour, Tesco and Brem

Mall, majority of businesses are usually opened at small commercial

blocks. Especially during peak hours, Kepong will be congested with cars,

lorries and motorbikes. Which therefore causes air pollution and vehicle

pollution to the environment.

10

http://www.maleisure.com/frim_kepong.html

Buildings surrounding Kepong area.

Graphically, Kepong is surrounded by 600 hectares of pristine forest

land. The onsite Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong

Metropolitan Park, Taman Rekreasi, and last but not least Desa Park City,

which is one of the highly-regarded hybrid projects in Kepong which has

drawn wide attention to the community.

There are two train stations on the commuter's Rawang-Seremban

route, namely the Kepong KTM station and Kepong Sentral KTM station.

Historically, Kepong is a largely ethnic town with no shortage of

economic activities. Its economic lens bear witness to the rubber plantation,

tin and quarry trades in the colonial days. The establishment of the nearby

Sungai Buloh and Rawang Industrial Zones has also contributed indirectly

to Kepong's growing economic status.

11

Examples photo of Kepong KTM Station

KUANG

12

Kuang is a town in the Gombak district of Selangor, Malaysia. The

area is very rural, where houses are isolated from one another in a green

surrounding. There are only shop lots nearby the Kuang KTM Station, and

these small businesses are in a poor condition lot made from wall partition

and zinc roof. Most of the land in the area are own by Sime Darby, for

plantation, property and industrial purposes.Back in the day, Kuang has

one of the largest polo field in Asia. It was an important venue for polo

during the Commonweath Games in 1998.

The roads in Kuang are very narrow and majority of the residents

there uses motorbikes as their primary transportation due to the size of the

pathway to their house once they get off the road and into the forest.

Therefore, cars are not able to get through and not recommended for

residents who are living there.

13

Photos of houses and shop lots in Kuang.

Photos of roads and free parking lots in Kuang.

14

INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAY STATION IN

PROJECT AREAS

KL SENTRAL

15

Tracks:

4 (KTM Komuter)2 (KTM Intercity)3 (KTM Freight)2 (Kelana Jaya Line)2 (KLIA Ekspres)2 (KLIA Transit)

Platforms

2 island platforms (KTM Komuter)1 island platform (KTM Intercity)2 side platforms (Kelana Jaya Line)1 island platform (KLIA Ekspres)1 island platform (KLIA Transit)

Owned by

Keretapi Tanah Melayu, Rapid KL and ERL Private Limited

Lines

Rawang-Seremban and Sentul-Port Klang Line (KTM Komuter) (2001 to present)North-South Line (KTM Intercity) (2001 to present)Kelana Jaya Line (RapidKL)KLIA Transit and KLIA Ekspres(Express Rail Link) (2002 to present)

Connections

Bus hub, monorail station, food and retail outlets, and KTM maintenance

Address

Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Rail networks:

KLIA Express Rail Link

KLIA Transit

RAPID KL (Putra)

KTM Komuter

KTM Intercity

KEPONG KTM STATION

16

Address:

Stesen Komuter Kepong Commuter Station,

Jalan Burung Garuda,

Taman Bukit Maluri, Kepong,

52100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Coordinate : 3°12′31″N   101°37′42″E

Lines: Rawang – Seremban Route

Platforms : 2 side platforms

Tracks : 4

Car park : Available

Opened since : 1892

Operating hour : 6.15am – 9.30pm

Owner : Keretapi Tanah Melayu

Facilities :

Ticket Counter Ticket vending Machine Parking Touch n Go lane Toilet Surau

KUANG KTM STATION

17

Coordinate: 3°15'29"N   101°33'17"E

Lines : Rawang –Seremban Route

Platforms : 2 side platforms

Tracks : 2

Car park : available

Operationg Hour : 6.30 am - 9.15 pm

Owner : Keretapi Tanah Melayu

Facilities :

Ticket Counter Ticket vending Machine Parking Touch n Go lane Toilet Surau

Address:

Stesen KTMB Kepong,

Jalan Kuang Bulan 1 (Jln 32),

Taman Kepong,

52100 Kepong, Kuala Lumpur.

Coordinate: 3°15'29"N   101°33'17"E

Lines : Rawang –Seremban Route

Platforms : 2 side platforms

Tracks : 2

Car park : available

Operationg Hour : 6.30 am - 9.15 pm

Owner : Keretapi Tanah Melayu

Facilities :

Ticket Counter Ticket vending Machine Parking Touch n Go lane Toilet Surau

Address:

Stesen KTMB Kepong,

Jalan Kuang Bulan 1 (Jln 32),

Taman Kepong,

52100 Kepong, Kuala Lumpur.

18

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19

POPULATION IN RAILWAY STATION

KL SENTRALKEPONGKUANG

CONCLUSION

KL Sentral is the Malaysia’s largest transit hub. Thus, KL Sentral offered global connectivity and flawlessly linking all urban and suburban residential, commercial and industrial areas. However, with the growing population, KL Sentral continues to cater to specific needs of its tenants, residents as well as other stakeholders especially to enhance the parking facilities and increase provision for more.

Kepong area has a population of 360,000 approximately where Chinese population exceeds 90%.  Some suburbs have a degree of executive autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods. Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting.

Population in Kuang area is 21,184 people. In Kuang, mostly found are farmlands and wood areas. The quality of life in Kuang is actually quite low. People have to walk a distance to a shop because it’s not systematic. Houses are built randomly unlike in suburbs and urbs. Not much facilities are found in Kuang such as shopping centre, banks, and hotels.

20

COMPARISON OF DESIGN, FACILITIES AND

PATHWAYS OF KL SENTRAL, KEPONG AND

KUANG

COMPARISON OF DESIGN IN KL SENTRAL, KEPONG & KUANG RAILWAY STATIONS

NO

FACILITIESKL

SENTRALKEPONG KUANG

1 FENCES

2 SAFETY

3 GREENERIES

4 LIGHTINGS

5 BLIND WALKWAYS

6 ADVERTISMENT

7 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

8 SIGNBOARDS

COMPARISON OF FENCES

21

COMPARISON OF LIGHTINGS

22

KL SENTRAL

There aren’t any fences at KL Sentral. But they replaced it with glass door.

KEPONG

Wrought iron fences. They're made of iron, these types of fences are extremely durable.

KUANG

Chain link fences. Commercial chain link fences provide a secure boundary around your commercial or industrial property. These fences come in a standard height of 6 feet, but they can be built as high as 20 feet tall.

CONCLUSION

As result, KL Sentral is better than Kepong and Kuang’s railway station. It has better environment. The glass doors are designed it’s to prevent the cooling air from air conditioner flow out. In Kepong and Kuang stations, the sizes of the land are small. So they only use fences to surround the railway stations. But the security system is weak.

23

KL SENTRAL

KL Sentral provides more lights and make the place look brighter.

KEPONG

In Kepong, it is an open area. So there are only few lights/ lamp provided. But it is quite dim during night time.

KUANG

In Kuang station, the lights are really old and there are several lights that are not working anymore.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, KL Sentral is the best because it provided sufficient lights to the public and KL Sentral has better facilities compare to Kepong and Kuang. Kepong and Kuang stations are quite old and bad condition of facilities.

COMPARISON OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

24

KL SENTRAL

Everything in KL Sentral is designed and built nicely. There’s no pipe leakage and the drainage system are covered.

KEPONG

In Kepong, the drainage system is sufficient. As it will not affect floods in the station.

KUANG

Drainage system in Kuang is not sufficient. And it’s not systematic

CONCLUSION

Again, KL Sentral is the best of all. Kepong and Kuang’s stations can be improved more. For instance, Kepong can design better on the outside look where as the drainage system should be covered to protect it. In Kuang’s station, drainage system is not sufficient so they should increase the amount.

COMPARISON OF SIGNBOARD

25

CONCLUSION

Kepong and Kuang’s station should improve their signboards avaibility. Thus, they have to make sure that it is sufficient and accurate information is given. KL Sentral did a good job in providing direction for the public. They even provided several Customer Service Counter.

KL SENTRAL

Sufficient and detailed direction provided. Easy to understand and accurate.

KEPONG

Sufficient but no detailed direction given. Not easy to be seen.

KUANG

Insufficient and not detailed. It’s hard to find direction (eg: washroom)

COMPARISON OF BLIND WALKWAYS

26

KL SENTRAL

Blind walkways in KL Sentral can be seen while the passengers exit from the train. It is not sufficient because they aren’t any in other areas.

KEPONG

Kepong provided blind walkways along the pedestrian bridge and also the corridor. It’s quite sufficient because the area is small.

KUANG

In Kuang’s station, blind walkways are also provided although the place is small. But it’s enough for the needy.

CONCLUSION

KL Sentral should increase the blind walkways as the station is the main center. It’s always crowded and that’s the reason the needy needs it. In Kepong and Kuang, theydid a good job. Although the area is small but they did not neglect the needies.

COMPARISON OF FACILITIES IN KL SENTRAL, KEPONG AND KUANG

NO

FACILITIESKL

SENTRALKEPONG KUANG

1 TOILET

2 SURAU

3 TICKET BOOTH

4 TOUCH & GO LANE

5 BENCH

6 TRASH BIN

7 FAN

8 AIR CONDITINER

9 PUBLIC PHONE

10 VENDING MACHINE

11 SHOP

12 PARKING LOT

13 ATM MACHINE

27

COMPARISON OF BENCHES

28

KL SENTRAL

1. Material

- Stainless steel

2. Quantity

- 7 to 10

KEPONG

1. Material

- Wood

2. Quantity

- 5 to 7

KUANG

1. Material

- Plastic and wood

2. Quantity

- 2 to 4

CONCLUSION

KL Sentral have the most quantity of benches and Kuang have the least quantity of benches. Besides, benches in KL Sentral are higher quality compared with Kepong and Kuang. KL Sentral is the highest population areas, so the benches are made from stainless steel which is most expensive and long lasting. In my opinion, KL Sentral should increase the number of benches so that more people can have a rest while waiting for the train.

COMPARISON OF PARKING LOTS

29

KL CENTRAL

1. Material

- Stainless steel

2. Quantity

- 7 to 10

KEPONG

1. Material

- Wood

2. Quantity

- 5 to 7

KUANG

1. Material

- Plastic and wood

2. Quantity

- 2 to 4

CONCLUSION

KL Central have the most quantity of benches and Kuang have the least quantity of benches. Besides, benches in KL Central are higher quality compared with Kepong and Kuang. KL Central is the highest population areas, so the benches are made from stainless steel which is most expensive and long lasting. In my opinion, KL Central should increase the number of benches so that more people can have a rest while waiting for

KL SENTRAL

Own parking lot is provided. The parking area is large and is storied. The parking rate is more expensive. Full day parking RM40, one hour RM4.

KEPONG

Own parking lot is provided. The parking area is medium in size and is on rood. The parking rate is cheaper.

KUANG

No parking is provided. Users park their own vehicles everywhere without proper arrangement.

CONCLUSION

KL sentral has large area of parking lots which are provided to workers, residents, users and etc to park their vehicles safely. Kepong has smaller parking area because the population in Kepong is less. Lastly, Kuang has no parking lot because parking lot is not needed in Kuang since the population is so low. In my opinion, the rate of parking in KL Sentral should be reduced so that people can pay lesser to park their cars everyday in KL Sentral.

COMPARISON OF VENDING MACHINES

30

KL CENTRAL

1. Material

- Stainless steel

2. Quantity

- 7 to 10

KEPONG

Drinks vending machine is not available because it is not needed in this area. Population is low.

KUANG

Drinks vending machine is not available because it is not needed in this area. Population is low.

KL SENTRAL

KL Sentral provided drinks vending machine which is cheap and convenient for people to buy drinks any time at anywhere. KL Sentral is a centre point for interchange of railway station so vending machines are needed for waiting purpose.

CONCLUSION

Among these three areas, only KL Sentral provided drinks vending machine because the population in that area is very high. In my opinion, KL Sentral should add more vending machines not only drinks but also foods to provide convenience for people to buy drinks and foods to fill their stomach.

COMPARISON OF ATM MACHINES

31

KL CENTRAL

1. Material

- Stainless steel

2. Quantity

- 7 to 10

KEPONG

ATM machine is not available because it is not needed in this area.

KUANG

ATM machine is not available because it is not needed in this area.

KL SENTRAL

KL Sentral provided several ATM machines for people to get their money easily especially for the workers. KL Sentral needs this kind of facility because KL Sentral is a place which included business activities. It is easier for people to use when they need money immediately.

CONCLUSION

KL Sentral is the only place which provided ATM machine between these three areas, KL Sentral, Kepong and Kuang. KL Sentral is a place not only for railway purpose but also included business activities. However, for Kepong and Kuang they only used as a KTM station. So, ATM machine is not needed in these two areas. In my opinion, the number of ATM machines in KL Sentral should be increased so that people can enjoy this service faster and easier.

COMPARISON OF PATHWAYS IN KL SENTRAL,

KEPONG AND KUANG

NO

PATHWAYSKL

SENTRALKEPONG KUANG

1 BRIDGE

2 STAIRCASE

3 ELEVATOR

4 ESCALATOR

32

COMPARISON OF BRIDGE

33

KL SENTRAL

1. No bridge. Because KL Sentral has

few levels, and some of the places

were connected to allow people to

pass through. So it is not necessary

to have a bridge.

2. The picture shows the place which

allow people access from platform 3

to platform 4 .

KEPONG

1. Made of steel with ajiya roofing.2. Ajiya roofing has lower budget.3. To allow pedestrian cross over the

railway tracks.

KUANG

1. Made up of steel with PVC roofing.

2. The pedestrian Bridge is designed

with a better looking than the

Kepong one. This showed that

Kuang is slowly develop.

CONCLUSION

Every railway station must be designed with either a connected floor or bridge to allow people to walk across the railway track. People are not allowed to walk on the railway tracks for their safety. In my opinion, Kepong KTM station’s pedestrian bridge design should be upgraded like the Kuang's KTM station’s pedestrian bridge design. Which is firmer.

COMPARISON OF STAIRCASE

34

KL SENTRAL

1. Stainless steel staircase holder and pebble wash flooring

2. Width : Longer

KEPONG

1. Stainless Steel staircase holder and cement flooring

2. Width : Medium

KUANG

1. Stainless Steel staircase holder and pebble wash flooring

2. Width : Shorter

CONCLUSION

Three of the places used Stainless Steel staircase holder to prevent rust. Pebble wash flooring can prevent slippery and provide nice visuals. The width of the staircase in KL Sentral is the longest because KL Sentral has the highest population. While the width of the staircase in Kuang is the shortest as Kuang is the lesser population area compare to KL Sentral. In my opinion, pebble wash flooring should be apply on the Kepong KTM station staircase to provide nicer texture.

COMPARISON OF ELEVATOR

35

KL SENTRAL

1. Few lift were built in KL Sentral, because there are more population in KL Sentral.

2. The space in the lift is wider.3. People often use lift.

KEPONG

1. Only one elevator is built for the KTM Station.

2. The space in the lift is not wide.

3. The lift is seldom use by the people.

KUANG

1. No elevator.2. People with walking disabilities may not be able to ride on KTM.

CONCLUSION

In my opinion, every railway station must build elevators for the convenience of the people with walking disabilities. Or else they would not use the KTM facilities. The KL Sentral elevator is well designed. Finally, the KL Sentral and Kepong KTM station’s elevator should be maintain from time to time to ensure it will function properly.

COMPARISON OF ESCALATOR

36

KL SENTRAL

1. Escalators were built for the convenience of people.

2. Because there are high population in Kuala Lumpur.

3. People would not have to walk through the long staircase.

KEPONG

1. No escalators.2. Because they already had an elevator.

KUANG

1. No escalators.2. Because the population in Kuang is very less. And people

seldom use the KTM.

CONCLUSION

Kuang is the least population area. So, seldom people will use the KTM as the people there normally have their own business. They seldom go outside of Kuang. In my opinion, escalators in KL Sentral should be maintain from time to time as I can see the escalators will produce some shrill sound which are very irritating. Tourist and Malaysia citizen will be benefited if the problem can be fixed.

CONCLUSION

People often define urban areas as land occupied by buildings and other structures used for residences and industrial sites. Urban areas often have some form of public transportation such as buses, subways, or trains and have high population densities. Buildings are often closer together and built higher than those in suburban or rural areas. Therefore, KL Sentral is defined as urban area. For instance, there are many facilities provided to the public in the stations as well as the surrounding. In KL Sentral, we can seek LRT, Monorail and also KTM. Besides, there are also several shops such as restaurants, banking, butik and others. There are also buses and taxis provided at KL Sentral. These are the reason why the population is high. It is really convenient place for the public especially for transportations.

Suburban areas are those on the outskirts of cities. So Kepong is considered as suburban area. Residents of suburban areas often commute to the cities for work. Some suburban areas have commuter trains and buses that shuttle people to the cities. Structures in suburban communities are often lower and further apart than in cities. Though they have smaller populations than cities, suburbs offer the same services including schools, health care facilities and public works.

Furthermore, Kuang is the areas with large amount of land with lower populations than urban and suburban areas, Structures are far apart and some rural communities share hospitals or schools. Farmlands are also usually found in Kuang. However, most people in Kuang live in woodland forests, plains and deserts which are examples of rural area which are examples of rural area

37

CONCLUSION

Kuang is the least population area. So, seldom people will use the KTM as the people there normally have their own business. They seldom go outside of Kuang. In my opinion, escalators in KL Sentral should be maintain from time to time as I can see the escalators will produce some shrill sound which are very irritating. Tourist and Malaysia citizen will be benefited if the problem can be fixed.

COLLECTIONS

38

KL SENTRAL DIRECTOR MAP

REFERENCES

39

THE STAR ONLINE from http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2012/7/10/central/11518035&sec=central retrieved 29 October 2012

http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2012/10/08/new-rail-stations-in-east-coast/ retrieved 29 October 2012

KUALA LUMPUR TRANSIT MAP from http://www.malaysiaexpat.com/resources/transitmap/i/transit_map.pdf retrieved 29 October 2012

40

TIPTOP GLOBE from http://www.tiptopglobe.com/city?n=Kuang&p=21184#lat=0.24170&lon=99.60205&zoom=6 retrieved 29 October 2012

KUALA LUMPUR SENTRAL from http://www.klsentral.com.my/ retrieved 29 October 2012

The Big Book of Urban Legends,Jan Harold Brunvand (Author), Robert LorenFleming (Author), Robert F. Boyd (Author)